M1: Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Kinds of Quantitative Research

Question 1

h is a research design that uses numbers in
stating generalizations about a given problem or inquiry. T

Answer 1

quantitative research

Question 2

These numbers are
the results of objective scales of measurements of the units of analysis called

Answer 2

variables

Question 3

The characteristics of quantitative research according to Prieto, et al.
are as follows:

1. M_________ or p___________ of data gathering include items like age,
   gender, educational status, among others, that call for measurable
   characteristics of the population.
2. Standardized i_____________ guide data collection, thus, ensuring the
   accuracy, reliability and validity of data.
3. F_________, t______or g________ showcase summarized data collected in order to show trends, relationships or differences among variables. The charts and tables allow you to see the evidence collected.
4. A large population yields more r__________ data, but principles of random sampling must be strictly followed to prevent researcher’s bias.
5. Quantitative methods can be r_________ to verify findings in another setting, thus, reinforcing validity of findings.
6. Quantitative research puts emphasis on p_________, rather than discovery.

Answer 3

The characteristics of quantitative research according to Prieto, et al.
are as follows:

1. Methods or procedures of data gathering include items like age,
   gender, educational status, among others, that call for measurable
   characteristics of the population.
2. Standardized instruments guide data collection, thus, ensuring the
   accuracy, reliability and validity of data.
3. Figures, tables or graphs showcase summarized data collected in order to show trends, relationships or differences among variables. The charts and tables allow you to see the evidence collected.
4. A large population yields more reliable data, but principles of random sampling must be strictly followed to prevent researcher’s bias.
5. Quantitative methods can be repeated to verify findings in another setting, thus, reinforcing validity of findings.
6. Quantitative research puts emphasis on proof, rather than discovery.

Question 4

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Findings can be generalized if selection process is well designed and sample if representative of study population

Answer 4

STRENGTHS

Question 5

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

relatively easy to analyze

Answer 5

STRENGTHS

Question 6

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

data can be very consistent, precise and reliable

Answer 6

STRENGTHS

Question 7

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

related secondary data is cometimes not available or accessing available data is difficult/impossible

Answer 7

WEAKNESS

Question 8

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

data may not be robust enough to explain complex issues

Answer 8

WEAKNESS

Question 9

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

difficult to understand context of a phenomenon

Answer 9

WEAKNESS

Question 10

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Quantitative research design is
the most reliable and valid way of
concluding results, giving way to a
new hypothesis or to disproving it.

Answer 10

Strengths

Question 11

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Quantitative experiments filter
out external factors, if properly
designed, and so the results gained
can be seen, as real and unbiased.

Quantitative experiments are useful
for testing the results gained by
a series of qualitative experiments,
leading to a final answer, and a
narrowing down of possible
directions to follow.

Answer 11

Strengths

Question 12

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Because of a bigger number of the
sample of a population, the results
or generalizations are more reliable
and valid.

Answer 12

Strengths

Question 13

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Quantitative methods also tend to
turn out only proved or unproved
results, leaving little room for
uncertainty, or grey areas.

Answer 13

Weaknesses

Question 14

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Quantitative studies require
extensive statistical treatment,
requiring stringent standards, more
so with confirmation of results. When ambiguities in some findings surface,
retesting and refinement of the design
call for another investment in time
and resources to polish the results.

Answer 14

Weaknesses

Question 15

STRENGTHS OR WEAKNESS

Quantitative research can be
costly, difficult and time-consuming
because most researchers are nonmathematicians

Answer 15

Weaknesses

Question 16

refers to the overall strategy that you choose in order
to integrate or put together the different components or parts of the study in
a coherent and logical way.

Answer 16

Research design

Question 17

This will ensure you to effectively address the
research problem.

Answer 17

Research design

Question 18

The research
design that you use should be determined from the research __________-

Answer 18

problem

Question 19

There are two kinds of quantitative research designs, namely,
E___________ and non-e______________—

Answer 19

experimental and non-experimental.

Question 20

allows you to control the situation

Answer 20

Experimental research design

Question 21

This
allows you to answer the question, “What causes something to occur?” With
this, you are able to identify the cause and effect relationships between
variables and to distinguish the placebo effects from treatment effects.

Answer 21

Experimental research design

Question 22

Experimental research design is of three types – t_____ experimental,
q________-experimental and p___-experimental.

Answer 22

Experimental research design is of three types – true experimental,
quasi-experimental and pre-experimental.

Question 23

It describes how participants are allocated to experimental groups.

Answer 23

true experimental design

Question 24

A
common method is completely randomized design, where participants are
assigned to groups at random. A second method is randomized block design,
where participants are divided into homogeneous blocks (for example, age
groups) before being randomly assigned to groups.

Answer 24

true experimental design

Question 25

It minimizes or eliminates confounding variables, which can offer
alternative explanations for the experimental results.

Answer 25

true experimental design

Question 26

It allows you to make inferences about the relationship between
independent variables and dependent variables.

Answer 26

true experimental design

Question 27

It reduces variability to make it easier for you to find differences in
treatment outcomes.

Answer 27

true experimental design

Question 28

the assignment of study components by a completely
random method, like simple random sampling. R_____________ eliminates bias
from the results

Answer 28

randomization

Question 29

the experiment must be replicated by other researchers.
This is usually achieved with the use of statistics like the standard error of
the sample mean or confidence intervals

Answer 29

replication

Question 30

: controlling sources of variation in the experimental results

Answer 30

blocking

Question 31

are generally regarded as unreliable and
unscientific in the physical and biological sciences.

Answer 31

Quasi-experimental Research design

Question 32

The general form of a ______-___________ ________ thesis
statement is “What effect does (a certain intervention or program) have on a
(specific population)”?

Answer 32

Quasi-experimental Research design

Question 33

are the simplest form of research design

Question 34

either a single group or multiple groups are
observed subsequent to some agent or treatment presumed to cause change.

Question 35

Pre-experiment research design are of three types. These are:

1.) One_______case study design,
2.) One-group pretest-posttest design, and
3.) ________group comparison

Answer 35

Pre-experiment research design are of three types. These are:

1.) Oneshot case study design,
2.) One-group pretest-posttest design, and
3.) Staticgroup comparison

Question 36

a single group is studied at a single
point in time after some treatment that is presumed to have caused change.

Answer 36

one-shot case study design,

Question 37

The carefully studied single instance is compared to general expectations of
what the case would have looked like had the treatment not occurred and to
other events casually observed. No control or comparison group is employed.

Answer 37

one-shot case study design,

Question 38

a single case is observed at two
time points, one before the treatment and one after the treatment. C

Answer 38

one-group pretest-posttest design

Question 39

Changes
in the outcome of interest are presumed to be the result of the intervention or
treatment. No control or comparison group is employed

Answer 39

one-group pretest-posttest design

Question 40

a group that has experienced some
treatment is compared with one that has not. Observed differences between
the two groups are assumed to be a result of the treatment.

Answer 40

static-group comparison

Question 41

is the label given to a study when you cannot
control, manipulate or alter the predictor variable or subjects, but instead,
rely on interpretation, observation or interactions to come to a conclusion.

Answer 41

Non-experimental research

Question 42

this means that you must rely on correlations, surveys or studies, and cannot demonstrate a true cause-and-effect relationship

Answer 42

Non-experimental research

Question 43

h tends to have a high level of external validity, meaning
it can be generalized to a larger population.

Answer 43

Non-experimental research

Question 44

is appropriate when the researcher has a
specific research question or hypothesis about a causal relationship between
two variables

Answer 44

Experimental research

Question 45

There are six (6) descriptive research designs.

1. survey
2. c__________
3. ex-post f______ research design
4. comparative design
5. e__________ research
6. methodological

Answer 45

There are six (6) descriptive research designs.

1. survey
2. correlational
3. ex-post facto research design
4. comparative design
5. evaluative research
6. methodological

Question 46

This is a research design that you use when you intend to provide
a quantitative or numerical description of trends, attitudes or opinions of
a population by studying a sample of the population

Answer 46

Survey

Question 47

B_________ c___________studies in which you obtain scores from two
variables for each subject, then use them to calculate a correlation
coefficient.

Answer 47

Bivariate correlational studies in which you obtain scores from two
variables for each subject, then use them to calculate a correlation
coefficient.

Question 48

P_____________ studies where you use correlation co-efficient to show
how one variable (the predictor variable) predicts another (the criterion
variable)

Answer 48

Prediction studies where you use correlation co-efficient to show
how one variable (the predictor variable) predicts another (the criterion
variable)

Question 49

Multiple R_________ P____________- Studies – suppose the high school
GPA is not the sole predictor of college GPA, what might be other good
predictors? All of these variables can contribute to the over-all
prediction in an equation that adds together the predictive power of
each identified variable

Answer 49

Multiple Regression Prediction Studies – suppose the high school
GPA is not the sole predictor of college GPA, what might be other good
predictors? All of these variables can contribute to the over-all
prediction in an equation that adds together the predictive power of
each identified variable

Question 50

These are non-experimental designs that you use to investigate
causal relationships. You use these when you examine whether one or
more pre-existing conditions could possibly have caused subsequent
differences in groups of subjects.

Answer 50

Ex-Post Facto Research Design

Question 51

Here, you attempt to discover whether
differences between groups have results in an observed difference in the
independent variables

Answer 51

Ex-Post Facto Research Design

Question 52

This involves comparing and contrasting two or more samples of
study subjects on one or more variables, often at a single point of time.

Answer 52

Comparative Design

Question 53

Specifically, you use this design to compare two distinct groups on the
basis of selected attributes such as the knowledge level, perceptions,
and attitudes, physical or psychological symptoms.

Answer 53

Comparative Design

Question 54

You use this kind of research design when you seek to assess or
judge in some way providing information about something other than
what might be gleaned or seen in mere observation or investigation of
relationships

Answer 54

Evaluative Research

Question 55

is
conducted to elicit or get useful feedback from a variety of respondents
from various fields to aid in decision making or policy making.

Answer 55

evaluation research

Question 56

F________
evaluation is used when you determine the quality of implementation
of a project, the efficiency and effectiveness of a program, assessment
of organizational processes like procedures, policies, guidelines, human
resource development and the lik

Answer 56

formative evaluation

Question 57

In this approach, the implementation of a variety of
methodologies forms a critical part in achieving the goal of developing a
scale-matched approach where data from different disciplines can be
integrated

Answer 57

Methodological