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Practical Research 2 > PPT1: Quantitative Research > Flashcards

PPT1: Quantitative Research Flashcards

1
Q

A research that uses numerical data to represent and explain a phenomenon.

A

quantitative research

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2
Q

It may (not) involve hypothesis testing.

A

quantitative research

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3
Q

Data is collected via coding, observing, asking, and manipulating a subject.

A

quantitative research

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4
Q

Data can be qualitative and quantitative in nature.

A

quantitative research

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5
Q

Analysis involves statistics, probability, and mathematics.

A

quantitative research

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6
Q

What can quantitative research do?

Describe, and visualise, p_____________ (but not beyond a sample)

Assist d__________ making process (input–output)

Explore data to formulate new h____________ (knowledge discovery)

Develop/test m_______________ (balance scorecards, tests, matrices, and questionnaires)

A

What can quantitative research do?

Describe, and visualise, phenomena (but not beyond a sample)

Assist decision making process (input–output)

Explore data to formulate new hypotheses (knowledge discovery)

Develop/test measurements (balance scorecards, tests, matrices, and questionnaires)

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7
Q

What can quantitative research do?

Classify/measure subjects/v____________

Develop m__________ explaining complex p___________

Test h___________ , especially causality

Simulate and predict f_______under uncertain conditions
Produce predictive formulae

A

Classify/measure subjects/variables

Develop models explaining complex phenomena

Test hypotheses, especially causality

Simulate and predict future under uncertain conditions
Produce predictive formulae

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8
Q

The common mechanism among quantitative methods is the use of a ________________ _____________- to collect data, except secondary analysis, meta analysis, and simulation.

A

The common mechanism among quantitative methods is the use of a standardised measurement to collect data, except secondary analysis, meta analysis, and simulation.

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9
Q

To develop a standardised measurement, you must have a measurement m_____ .

A

To develop a standardised measurement, you must have a measurement model.

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10
Q

Which design should I use?

Reality is static.

A

Retrospective

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11
Q

Which design should I use?

You are not interested in changes over time.

A

Retrospective

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12
Q

Which design should I use?

You do not have enough time.

A

Retrospective

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13
Q

Which design should I use?

Reality is dynamic.

A

Prospective

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14
Q

Which design should I use?

You have plenty of time.

A

Prospective

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15
Q

Which design should I use?

You are interested in changes/stability over time.

A

Prospective

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16
Q

What methods are there?

S________ analysis: Use extant data

A

secondary analysis

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17
Q

What methods are there?

C_____ analysis: Code documents

A

content analysis

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18
Q

What methods are there?

Structured o_____________: Observe behaviours

A

structured observation

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19
Q

What methods are there?

S_______ : Ask questions

A

Survey

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20
Q

What methods are there?

_____ methodology: Sort cards

A

Q methodology

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21
Q

What methods are there?

Social n__________ analysis: Observe or ask about relationships

A

Social network analysis

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22
Q

What methods are there?

E_________: Manipulate factors

A

experiment

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23
Q

What methods are there?

M____ analysis: Synthesize results

A

meta

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24
Q

What methods are there?

S____________: Predict results

A

Simulation

25
Q

Strengths of Quantitative Research:

1.O___________ and Reproducibility
2. g______________
3. Clear and Precise
4. Causality and Relationships
5. q_________ of Data
6. Efficiency
7. Easier d____ Analysis

A

1.Objectivity and Reproducibility
2. Generalizability
3. Clear and Precise
4. Causality and Relationships
5. Quantification of Data
6. Efficiency
7. Easier Data Analysis

26
Q

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research:

  1. Limited d______ and c_______
  2. Simplification of r_______
  3. Lack of f________
  4. r____________
A
  1. Limited Depth and Context
  2. Simplification of Reality
  3. Lack of Flexibility
  4. Reductionism
27
Q

Weaknesses of Quantitative Research:

  1. Potential for m________________
  2. Inability to Explore s_______________
  3. Sample r_____________
  4. r_____________ Intensive
A
  1. Potential for Misinterpretation
  2. Inability to Explore Subjectivity
  3. Sample Representation
  4. Resource Intensive
28
Q

Aims to define the existing condition of a classified variable.

A

Descriptive Research

29
Q

Designed to give “answers to the questions of who, what, when, where, and how which are linked with a research problem.”

A

Descriptive Research

30
Q

It is applied only to describe what exists and to gather information about the current status of a certain phenomenon. (Anastas, 1999 as cited in Salkind and Rasmussen, 2007, pp. 251-254).

A

Descriptive Research

31
Q

It tries to define the degree of relationship between two or more variables using statistical data.

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

32
Q

It seeks to interpret the relationships between and among a number of facts.

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

33
Q

Distinguishes tendencies and patterns in data, but it does not go so far in its analysis to prove causes for these observed patterns.

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

34
Q

The data, relationships, and distributions variables are identified only in a natural setting and not in a manipulated one.

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

35
Q

To find if the data has an observable relationship that can be further specified in terms of magnitude and/or an increase or decrease

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

36
Q

indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between variables.

A

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

37
Q

It endeavors to ascertain cause-effect relationships among variables.

A

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

38
Q

It seeks to interpret the relationships between and among a number of facts.

A

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

39
Q

Distinguishes tendencies and patterns in data, but it does not go so far in its analysis to prove causes for these observed patterns

A

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

40
Q

Studies that investigate possible cause and effect relationships by observing an existing condition or state of affairs and searching back in time for plausible causal factors

A

CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

41
Q

applies thescientific methodto achieve the four goals of psychology: describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior and mental processes.

A

Experimental Research

42
Q

can use experimental research to test a specific hypothesis by measuring and manipulating variables.

A

psychologist

43
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You assume that formulae rest on uncertainty (statistical studies).

A

NO

44
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You want to test/reject, an extant hypothesis

A

NO

45
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You want to produce a result that can be generalised to another sample in the same population (inferential statistics).

A

NO

46
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You already know (or guess) what is happening in the reality based on theories or previous research.

A

NO

47
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You assume that formulae rest on certainty (mathematical studies).

A

YES

48
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You want to create a new hypotheses.

A

YES

49
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You want to produce results that are applicable to only a sample that you have (descriptive statistics).

A

YES

50
Q

Should I use hypotheses?
YES OR NO

You have no clue (or can’t guess) what is happening in the reality.

A

YES

51
Q

Value of Quantitative Research Methods Across Fields

  1. Discover the unknown and improve underlying c_________
  2. Can influence leaders and law-makers’ d_________
  3. Helps determine and better understand r___________ between variables or phenomenon
  4. Most i___________ and i_____________ are products of quantitative studies
A
  1. Discover the unknown and improve underlying conditions
  2. Can influence leaders and law-makers’ decisions
  3. Helps determine and better understand relationships between variables or phenomenon
  4. Most inventions and innovations are products of quantitative studies
52
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Quantitative research relies on systematic measurement and statistical analysis, reducing the influence of researcher bias. This increases the reproducibility of findings by other researchers.

A

Objectivity and Reproducibility

53
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Large sample sizes and random sampling techniques enhance the potential for findings to be generalized to larger populations. This is particularly useful for establishing broader trends and patterns.

A

Generalizability

54
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Quantitative data can be analyzed using statistical tools, leading to clear and precise results. Numeric values and statistical measures allow for easy comparisons and interpretations.

A

Clear and Precise

55
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Quantitative research often involves experimental designs, enabling researchers to establish causal relationships between variables through controlled conditions and randomization.

A

Causality and Relationships

56
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Quantitative research transforms data into numerical values, facilitating analysis and enabling the use of statistical tests to identify patterns, trends, and associations.

A

Quantification of Data

57
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Surveys and questionnaires can be distributed to large numbers of participants simultaneously, making data collection more efficient compared to qualitative methods.

A

Efficiency

58
Q

WHAT STRENGTH OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?

Statistical analysis allows researchers to draw conclusions from large datasets efficiently and objectively. The results can be presented using charts, graphs, and tables

A

Easier Data Analysis

Practical Research 2 (6 decks)

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