PPT 4

Question 1

Drivers of Deforestation:

Answer 1

1. Agricultural Expansion
2. Logging and Timber Extraction
3. Mining Activities
4. Infrastructure Development
5. Population Pressure and Urbanization
6. Climate change

Question 2

A concept introduced by geographer David Harvey, refers to the process through which capital accumulation occurs by dispossessing people of their land, resources , and rights. It involves the expropriation or the action of taking assets from marginalized communities.

Answer 2

Accumulation by Dispossession

Question 3

As conceptualized by scholar Daanish Mustafa, refers to the creation of landscapes characterized by various socio-natural hazards resulting from human activities, environmental changes, and power dynamics. ______ encompass physical, social, and economic dimensions of risk and vulnerability within a specific geographical area.

Answer 3

Hazardscape Production, Hazardscapes

Question 4

The shift from ________ to
______ marginalized indigenous miners and transformed the landscape, leaving behind abandoned mines and hazardous conditions.

Answer 4

Traditional Mining Practices, Commercial Mining

Question 5

Impact of Post-Corporate Gold Mining:
- Socio-Environmental Impacts
- ????
- ????

Answer 5

Socio-Environmental Impacts:
- Persistence of legal land dispossession
- Subcontract mining

• Hazardscapes and Labor Precarities
• Unequal Economic Relations

Question 6

Indigenous and Traditional Land Use Practices: Three Production Systems?

Answer 6

• Irrigated Rice Fields (Payew)
• Permanent Swidden (Kataulle)
• Shifting Cultivation (Uma) Plots

Question 7

Indigenous and Traditional Land Use Practices: Indigenous Strategies?

Answer 7

• Terracing
• Crop Rotation
• Mixed Cropping
• Soil Fertility Management
• Sweet Potato Cropping System

Question 8

A people centered approach to natural resource management that involves full participation of indigenous people and local communities and resource users; and the incorporation of local institutions, customary practices, and knowledge systems

Answer 8

Community-Based Natural Resource Management

Question 9

Impacts on Rural Identities and
Livelihood:

Answer 9

• Loss of forests can disrupt access to resources for food, medicine, shelter, and cultural practices.
• Agricultural development may provide economic opportunities but can also marginalize traditional practices and lead to displacement or loss of land rights.
• Miners see the destruction of infrastructures and properties as the worst effect of socio-natural hazards; death is only the fourth worst effect.

Question 10

Policy and Governance Challenges on Deforestation-Agricultural Development:

Answer 10

• Land Tenure and Resource
  Access Issues
• Conflicting Policies & Priorities
• Lack of Integrated Land-Use
  Planning
• Legal and Policy Framework

Question 11

Promotes Agroforestry for its potential carbon sequestration in climate change mitigation, soil erosion, runoff control, and economic productivity.

Answer 11

National Greening Program

Question 12

Promotes sustainable and integrated approaches to agricultural development. Focused on soil and water conservation, eco-system based farming, and community-based resource management.

Answer 12

Sustainable Integrated Areas Development (SIAD)

Question 13

A joint project with the United Nation’s Development Program that aims to conserve key priority areas.

Answer 13

Biodiversity Partnerships Project (BPP)

Question 14

Promotes climate-resilient practices and adaptation measures for farmers and fishing communities.

Answer 14

Climate-Resilient Agriculture (CRA) Program

Question 15

Sustainable Solutions:

Answer 15

1. Agroforestry and Sustainable Agriculture
2. Community-based Forest Management
3. Strengthening Rural Institutions and Capacity Building