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CCP 3 > ppt 3 > Flashcards

ppt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

different connectivity of atoms

A

constitutional

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2
Q

different functional groups

A

functional

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3
Q

different positions of the functional groups

A

positional

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4
Q

different carbon skeleton

A

skeletal

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5
Q

same connectivity but different spatial orientation of atoms

A

stereoisomers

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6
Q
  • different, NON-INTERCONVERTING spatial arrangement of atoms
  • NOT the result of rotation about single bonds
  • DIFFERENT compounds
A

configurational

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7
Q

result from restricted rotation around a double bond or on cyclic alkanes

A

Geometric

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8
Q

around a chiral carbon

A

optical

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9
Q

nonsuperimposable mirror images

A

enantiomers

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10
Q

nonmirror images

A

Diastereomers

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11
Q
  • different, INTERCONVERTING spatial arrangements of atoms
  • the RESULT of rotation about single bonds
  • SAME compound
A

Conformational

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12
Q

Usually uses the name given when it was discovered

A

common

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13
Q

Names compound as a derivative of a parent compound

A

derived

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14
Q
  • Most systematic
  • Based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
A

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)

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15
Q

position and name of functional group

A

suffix

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16
Q

position/s, number, & name/s of substituents; number of C of parent functional group

A

prefixes

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17
Q

where and what are the substituents?

A

prefixes

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18
Q

how many carbons?

A

parent

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19
Q

where is the primary functional group?

A

locant

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20
Q

what is the primary functional group?

A

suffix

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21
Q

Contain carbon and hydrogen only

A

HYDROCARBONS

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22
Q

types of hydrocarbons

A
  • Aliphatic, Cyclic, and Aromatic
  • Saturated and Unsaturated
  • Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
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23
Q
  • open chain (acyclic)
  • Straight chain
  • Branched
A

aliphatic

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24
Q

has a closed ring but no aromaticity

A

alicyclic

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25
Q

has a benzene ring

A

aromatic

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26
Q

contain C-C bonds

A

saturated

27
Q

contain at least one C=C or C ≡C bond

A

unsaturated

28
Q

formula for alkane

A

CnH2n+2

29
Q

formula for alkene

A

CnH2n

30
Q

formula for alkyne

A

CnH2n-2

31
Q

molecular geometry for:

alkane
alkene
alkyne

A

tetrahedral
trigonal planar
linear

32
Q
  • Saturated hydrocarbons
  • Single bonds (sigma)
  • sp3 hybridized C atoms
  • Bond angles approximate 109.5°
  • Tetrahedral geometry
  • CnH2n+2
A

alkane

33
Q

a.k.a. paraffins

  • derived from L. parum affinis, meaning “slight affinity”
  • describes LITTLE CHEMICAL AFFINITY for other substances and are inert to most
    laboratory reagents
  • relatively unreactive and are rarely involved in chemical reactions
  • react under appropriate conditions with oxygen, chlorine, and a few other
    substances
A

alkanes

34
Q

*occur naturally in the plant and animal world

*most common sources: natural gas and petroleum deposits

*derived from the decomposition ofplant andanimal matter, primarily of marine origin

A

alkane

35
Q

found in the waxy coating on cabbage leaves

A

nonacosane (C29H60)

36
Q

found in wood oil of the Jeffrey pine common to the Sierra Nevada mountains of California

A

heptane (C7H16)

37
Q

consists chiefly of methane but also contains ethane, propane, and butane

A

natural gas

38
Q

a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that must first be separated into various fractions and then further refined before it can be used

A

petroleum

39
Q

PROPERTIES OF ALKANES

A

Combustion Reaction
- form H2O and CO2

Reaction with Chlorine
- occurs when irradiated with ultraviolet light (hv)

40
Q

same molecular formula of alkane but different structural formula (different connectivity of atoms).

A

constitutional isomers

41
Q

C atoms
* ____ – bonded to 1 C
* ____ – bonded to 2Cs
* ____ – bonded to 3Cs
* ____ – bonded to 4Cs

H atoms
* ____ – bonded to primary C
* ____ – bonded to a secondary C
* ____ – bonded to a tertiary C

A

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

primary
secondary
tertiary

42
Q

abbreviation for secondary

A

sec-butyl

43
Q

abbreviation for tertiary

A

tert-butyl

44
Q

methyl group attached to the 2nd C

4 methyl groups attached to one C

unbranched chains

A

iso

neo

n (normal)

45
Q

Alkanes with 2 or more C can be twisted into a number of different 3D arrangements of their atoms by rotating about1 or more C-C bonds.

A

CONFORMATIONALISOMERS

46
Q

oblique view of C-C bond

A

Sawhorse

47
Q

along a C-C bond

A

Newman Projection

48
Q

C-H bonds are as far away from each other; more stable

A

Staggered

49
Q

C-H bonds are as close as possible; less stable

A

Eclipsed

50
Q
  • Contain two fewer hydrogen atoms than an aliphatic alkane with the same
    numberofcarbonatoms(CnH2n)
  • Usually represented by skeletal formulas
A

ALICYCLIC ALKANES (CYCLOALKANES)

51
Q
  • sp3 carbons have bond angles of 109.5°
  • But cycloalkanes, assuming they are planar, have different bond angles = ___
A

180*

52
Q

strain that arises when atoms separated by four or more bonds are forced abnormally close to one another

A

steric strain

53
Q

vertical; alternating up and down

A

axial

54
Q

outward; parallel to the lines of the ring

A

equatorial

55
Q

isomer:

_____ on the same side
_____ across from

A

cis
trans

56
Q

alkyl halide

______ released in large amounts by ocean kelp, forest fires and volcanoes

have a vast array of industrial applications, including use as:
* solvents
* inhaled anesthetics
* refrigerants
* pesticides

A

chloromethane

57
Q
  • a.k.a. olefins
  • occur abundantly in nature
  • ____ –plant hormone that induces ripening in fruit
  • ____ –the major component of turpentine
  • ____ – a poly alkene that contains 11 double bonds; the orange pigment responsible for the color of carrots; and a valuable dietary source of vitamin
A

alkene

Ethylene
a-pinene
b-carotene

58
Q

much less common than alkenes

A

alkynes

59
Q

ALKENES WITH MULTIPLE BONDS

separated by at least 2 single bonds

adjacent

alternating with single bonds

A

isolated

cumulative

conjugated

60
Q

For disubstituted alkenes

A

CIS-TRANS SYSTEM

61
Q

for tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes

A

E/Z SYSTEM

62
Q

E/Z SYSTEM

E - From the German _____, meaning opposite; specifies that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on opposite sides

Z - From the German _____, meaning together; specifies that groups of higher priority on the carbons of a double bond are on the same side.

A

entgegen

zusammen

63
Q

E/Z SYSTEM

priority rules is based on _________. The higher the atomic no, the higher the priority

A

atomic number

CCP 3 (8 decks)

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