ppt 3

Question 1

Woese’s proposed phylogenetic tree, based on rRNA data emphasizes the separation of:
1
2
3

Answer 1

bacteria
archaea
eukaryotes

Question 2

Prokaryotes
Cells lacking a ___ or ___;
Includes ____ and ____;
____, ___ chromosome;

Answer 2

nucleus

membrane-bound organelles

bacteria

archaea

single

circular

Question 3

Prokaryote
____ contains the DNA;
Surrounded by ___ & ___;
contains ___ in their cytoplasm to ____.

Answer 3

Nucleoid region
cell membrane
cell wall
ribosomes
make proteins

Question 4

Similarities Between Bacteria and Archaea

Generally same shape, size, and appearance;

Like bacteria, archaea multiply by ____ and move primarily by means of ___

Morpholigically similar but archaea are more phylogenetically similar to ___ than ___.

Answer 4

binary fission
flagella
eukarya
bacteria

Question 5

Difference between bacteria and archaea

Unlike bacteria, archaea cells walls do not contain ____;

Archaea have different ____ bonding from bacteria and eukarya (___)

Answer 5

peptidoglycan

membrance lipid bonding

layers

Question 6

Bacteria and Archaea- Differences

Genetic Differences: ___ and ___

Archaea have different ____ (No glycolysis, Kreb’s); Many are extremophiles

Answer 6

ribosomes

polymerases

metabolic pathways

Question 7

Eukaryotes have

___
___
___ with ___
Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Answer 7

nucleus
cell membrane
cytoplasm
organelles

Question 8

Cell or Plasma Membrane

Composed of ___ and ___
Surrounds outside of ___
Controls what ____ the cell

Contains ____, embedded ____, and ____ chains.

Answer 8

phospholipid bi layer
proteins
all cells
enters or leaves
protein channels
proteins
carbohydrate

Question 9

Phospholipids

Heads contain ___ and ____ and are ____ (attracted to water).

Tails are made of ___ and are ___ (repelled by water).

Make up a bilayer where tails point inward toward each other.

Can move laterally to allow small molecules (i.e., O2, CO2, H20) to enter the cell

Answer 9

glycerol
phosphate
hydrophilic

fatty acids
hydrophobic

Question 10

Phospholipids

Heads contain glycerol and phosphate and are hydrophilic (attracted to water).

Tails are made of fatty acids and are hydrophobic (repelled by water).

Made up of a __where tails point inward toward each other.

Can move __to allow small molecules (i.e., __, __, __) to enter the cell

Answer 10

bilayer

inward toward each other

laterally

O2, CO2, H20

Question 11

Cell Membrane Proteins

Help movie large molecules or aid in cell recognition:

Two basic types

____: attached on surface (inner or outer)

___: embedded in the membrane

Answer 11

Peripheral

Integral

Question 12

Cell Membrane Proteins

Help movie large molecules or aid in cell recognition:

Two basic types

Peripheral Proteins:

Integral Proteins:

Answer 12

attached on surface (inner or outer)

embedded in the membrane

Question 13

Glycoproteins have ____ to act as markers for ___.

Answer 13

carbohydrate tails

cell recognition

Question 14

Cell Wall

Nonliving layer

Found in plants, fungi, and bacteria

Made of __ in plants, ___ in bacteria, and ___ in fungi

Answer 14

cellulose

peptidoglycan

chitin

Question 15

Cytoplasm of a cell

Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane

Provides a ___ for ____ to take place

Contains ___, which carry out specific jobs

Found in all cells

Answer 15

medium

chemical reactions

organelles

Question 16

Nucleus

Controls the normal activities of the cell

Contains the ___ in ___

Bounded by the ____ ( membrane with ___)

Usually the largest organelle

Answer 16

DNA

chromosomes

nuclear envelope

pores

Question 17

Nuclear Envelope

____ surrounding the nucleus

Connected to the ____

Answer 17

Double membrane

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Nucleolus

Inside ___;

Cell may have __ to __ nucleoili;

Disappears when cell divides

Makes ___ that make ___

Answer 18

nucleus

one

three

ribosomes

proteins

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Helps cell maintain ____;

Also help move ____ around;

Made of ___;

_____ are threadlike and made of ACTIN

___ are tubelike & made of TUBULIN

Answer 19

cell shape

organelles

proteins

microfilaments

microtubules

Question 20

Centrioles

Made of bundles of ____;

During cell division organize the ___; and

Help to pull ___ apart to ___ of the cell.

Answer 20

microtubules

mitotic spindle

chromosome pairs

opposite ends

Question 21

Mitochondria

Surrounded by a ___ and has its own ___

Folder inner membrance folds = ____(increases surface area for more chemical reaction)

Interior called ___

Answer 21

diouble membrane

DNA

CRISTAE

matrix

Question 22

Mitochondria

Surrounded by double membrane, has its own DNA

Cristae= ____, which increase ____

interior called matrix

Mitochondria come from cytoplasm in egg cell during fertilization; therefore, you normally only inherit it from other

Answer 22

folded inner membrane

surface area for more chemical reactions

Question 23

Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER

Network of ____
Connects to __ and ___
Functions in ___ of ____ and ___

Answer 23

hollow membrane tubules

nuclear envelope

cell membrane

synthesis

cell products

transport

Question 24

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

Proteins are made by ___ on ___.

They are then ___ into the ___ to be ___ and ___.

Answer 24

ribosomes

ER surface

threaded

interior

modified

transported

Question 25

Functions of the Smooth ER

Makes ___
Regulates ___
Destroys ___

Answer 25

membrane lipids (steroids)

calcium (muscle cells)

toxic substances (liver)

Question 26

Endomembrane system

Includes ___ connected to ___ connected to ___ (transport)

Answer 26

nuclear membrane

ER

cell membrane

Question 27

Ribosomes

Made of __ and ___
Protein factories for cell
Join __ to make ___
Process called ___ or ___

Answer 27

proteins
rRNA
amino acids
proteins
protein synthesis
translation

Question 28

Golgi Bodies
Stacks of ___
Have a ___ side (___) and a ___ side (___)
Receive proteins made by __
Transport ___ with modified ___ pinch off ___(__)

Answer 28

flattened sacs
receiving
cis face
shipping side
trans face
ER
vesicles
proteins
ends (export)

Question 29

Lysosomes
Contain ___;
Break down food, ___, and ___
Programmed for ___
__ and release ___ to ___ and ___.

Answer 29

digestive enzymes
bacteria
worn-out cell parts
cell-death (apoptosis)
Lyse
enzymes
break down
recycle cell parts

Question 30

Cilia and Flagella

Made of ___ called ___, which are arranged (__+__)

Function in moving __, in moving ___, or in small particles across the ___.

Answer 30

protein tubes

microtubles

9 + 2

cells

fluids

cell surface

Question 31

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 31

___ are shorter and more numerous on cells; ___ are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells

Question 32

Vacuoles

___ for storage
Small in animal cells; plants have a ___ vacuole;
no vacuoles in most bacterial cells

Answer 32

fluid filled sacks
large, central

Question 33

Chloroplasts

Found “only” in ___, organisms containing ___;
Use energy from sunlight to make ___;
Energy from the sun stored in the chemical bonds of ___

Answer 33

producers
chlorophyll
glucose
sugars

Question 34

Chloroplasts
Surrounded by ___
___ is smooth
___ is modified into sacs called ___. stacks of which are called ___.

Stroma- ____material surrounding ___,

Answer 34

double membrane
outer membrane
thylakoids
grana
gel like
thylakoids