PPT 3 Flashcards
IQ Questions
- Is it the ultimate number?
- Is it a useful number?
Cognitive Assessment System (CAS)
Naglieri, Das, Goldstein (1997)
Based on Luria’s PASS system
Ages 5 through 18 years
*13 subtests divided among Planning tests (3), Attention tests (3), Simultaneous tests (3), and Successive tests (4)
Test descriptions below are from the publisher’s website (Hougton-Mifflin Harcourt)
Efforts to Expand the Construct of Intelligence
Triarchic model - Robert Sternberg
Multiple intelligences - Howard Gardner
Emotional Intelligence - Daniel Goleman
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Robert Sternberg
3 types of Intelligence:
1. Analytical
2. Creative
3. Practical
Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner
Gardner (1993) argues we have one dimensional view of intelligence
An alternative view:
- Intelligence - “the ability to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural or community setting”
- Recognizing many different discrete facets of intelligence
Waterhouse, Lynn (2006)
Multiple Intelligences, the Mozart effect, and Emotional Intelligence
Three widely accepted ideas currently in education
Multiple Intelligences
To date, no published studies that offer any evidence of the validity of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
Commentary on Gardner
Seemingly redefined the marker of intelligence as success
Emotional Intelligence
Daniel Goleman
The idea of emotional intelligence is currently popular - and compelling
BUT is it an independent construct? Is it intelligence?
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
Salovey & Mayer, Goleman and others
Lacks any evidence as a unitary empirically supported construct
Not successfully differentiated from personality constructs [Self-esteem] and general intelligence
A combination of lots of different aspects
Conclusion: the facts support a much more complex and varied array of human social-emotional skills than EQ
Mozart Effect
A small study found that listening to Mozart briefly improved students’ ability to perform a very specific spatial reasoning task
Why people believe in ideas
Shermer (1997) argued three major reasons people believe in ideas lacking support:
- Credo consolans - idea may be comforting if it supports our existing beliefs, predicts a good outcome, makes us feel powerful, or makes us feel in control
- Immediate gratification - idea may be attractive if it offers instant solutions for difficult problems
- East explanations - idea may be accepted if it offers a simple story about something that is difficult to understand
Heuristics
Heuristics are mental shortcuts for solving problems in a quick way that delivers a result that is sufficient enough to be useful given time constraints
Heuristics can be thought of as general cognitive frameworks humans rely on regularly to quickly reach a solution.
WAIS-IV Administration Materials
WAIS-IV kit
Record form
Response booklets (2 of them)
Clipboard
Stopwatch
2 pencils without erasers
Extra paper
Time
Administration Reminders
- Quiet, free from distractions, comfortable
- Good clear table space to work (table)
- Sit opposite (only examiner and examinee)
- Only material for the task at hand is on the table (can use kit as shield)
- Establish rapport
- Use standardized instructions from the test manual
- Small talk and reassuring statements are okay
- Monitor fatigue, anxiety, cooperation (theirs - and yours!)
- Be careful not to give clues
- Break only between subtests (not within)
- Can give more time on a task to avoid frustration BUT score based on time criteria
- Don’t penalize for sensory deficits (clinical judgment)
- Reverse Rule - give earlier items in reverse order if first two items are not perfect; go back until two perfect in a row (for many but not all subtests)
- Write down all responses (Try to capture most responses verbatim, using abbreviations is very helpful)
- Timing should be unobtrusive (even if you repeat the question, timing continues)
- Queries given in the book are only illustrative - clarify when necessary (“Tell me more about that” or “explain what you mean”)
- Repeat when asked, EXCEPT for Digit Span (arithmetic may repeat question only once)
- Teaching the task (samples and first 2 items on some tests, are used to ensure they know what to do. A score should reflect how well they can do the task, not a misunderstanding of directions.)
Pretty much stay within guidelines provided.
