PPT 2 Part 2 Flashcards
Psychologic & physiologic response to stressors
Stress
Stimuli in the physical & social environment that produce tension & strain
Stressors
- Can be subtle
- Some exposure is okay
- Over time: upsets physical & psychological equilibrium
- Can cause illness directly and promote addictive and risky sexual behaviors
Stress
Selye’s Model is called?
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
- Describes the process through w/c exposure to stressors results in health deficits
- Has three stages
Selye’s Model: GAS
3 stages of GAS
- Alarm reaction
- Stage of resistance
- Stage of exhaustion
GAS Stage
- Hormonal reactions: ↑heart rate, ↑respiration, ↑blood pressure
- Termed as the fight or flight response
Alarm Reaction
GAS Stage
- Body tries to adapt to the stressor
- Physiologic arousal declined & body replenishes hormones released in the 1st stage
- Ability to cope with other stressors is impaired → diseases of adaptation
- Ulcer, high BP, CHD, asthma, impaired immune function
Stage of Resistance
GAS Stage
Prolonged physiological arousal due to prolonged stress depletes energy stores
Stage of Exhaustion
Consistently high stress hormone levels
Chronic stress
During prolonged stress, the stress hormone is ___ higher level
10x
Stress can trigger the release of ___, which can lead to inflammation and contribute to various health issues
Cytokines
Stress hormone
Cortisol
Raises risk for psychiatric disorders (in patients w/ the genetic predisposition & while the brain is still developing)
Severe Or Prolonged Stress
Direct effect of stress
Physiological changes in the body
Indirect effect of stress
Changes in behavior
Hormones can cause ___ beating of the heart, which can be fatal, and also increases in levels of ___ causing a buildup of plaque on the BV
- Fast/ erratic
- Blood lipids
First hormone to respond to stress
Catecholamines
High cortisol will result in?
Longer inflammation
Prompts the immune system to ready itself for infection/ challenges in skin and blood integrity
Acute time limited stressor: fight or flight
Weakly associated with different immune consequences
Stressful event sequences
- Associated with the most global suppression of immunity
- Duration is a factor
Chronic stressor
Vulnerability to stress-related decreases in immune function
Age and disease status
Immune System Disorders
Sustained cortisol activity = ↑GI symptoms
Irritable bowel syndrome
Can cause ↑GI symptoms
Sustained cortisol activity
Immune System Disorders
Neuropeptides released during stress= activate glial cells to produce inflammatory molecules = more inflammation
Multiple sclerosis
Combating stress
- Mediates stress: relationships & other social resources
- Effective time management
- Goal setting
- Prioritizing tasks
- Realistic about one’s abilities & expectations
Managing Stress
- Combination of physical, social, environmental, and psychological approaches to managing stress
- Healthy social interactions and optimizing environmental factors
- Noise, lighting and living space
o Physical environment and stress in Seasonal depression with limited daylight
