PPT 18 Immune System Flashcards
what is the immune system?
group of tissues and cells that protect against foreign antigens such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancerous cells.
what is an antigen?
any agent that induces an immune response to that agent.
give some examples of antigens.
proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, RNA, synthetic polymers which are foreign to the individual bird, bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
what part of the immune system is responsible coding and reading code of antigens?
the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
we have innate immunities and specific or acquired immunity. what is meant by acquired immunity?
its responsible for antibody mediated defense by recognizing the foreign antigen and saving that knowledgeso that it can produce an immunity to those antigens next time they are detected.
nonspecific or innate immunity is the first line of defense. give examples.
anatomic features such as body temp, skin, mucus membranes that line tracts, large scavaging cells like macrophages and neutrophils/heterophils
what are macrophages?
cells that travel through the body engulfing foreign antigens and eliminate them or introduce the antigen to other immune cells.
what are the three classes of antibodies?
IgM, IgG, and IgA
what is meant by noncellular or humoral immunity?
antibody mediated immunity/ effective against extracellular antigens.
give an example of a noncellular or humoral immunity (specific or acquired immunity). and describe it.
B-lymphocytes (B-celss), produce antibodies in bone marrow. They can migrate from bursa to other lymphatic tissues such as spleen, cecal tonsils and peyers patches.
B-cells use _______ to deal with a second challenge from a reoccuring antigen?
memory(they remember what needed to be done to eliminate the antigen from the body and performs it faster after previously being infected by the same antigen.)
T-lymphocytes attack foreign disease organism when it has what?
bypassed the first and second layer of immune system and has enterred the target cell.
what can T cells do that other cells in the immune system cannot?
T cells can attack organisms directly and enhance the function of other immune cells such as macrophages and b-cells. They can kill the infected cells when required.
what kind of cells can be found in bone marrow?
stem cells and mature B-cells(medullary bone, tibia, femur)
where is the thymus gland located and what does it do?
located along the jugular veins and consists of 5 to 7 lobes on each side.
iits job is to mature T-cells, increase number of cells(proliferation) and educate on foreign or self antigens.
