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Immunology Block 1 > Ppt 1 Intro to the immune syst > Flashcards

Ppt 1 Intro to the immune syst Flashcards

1
Q

what are the cells used by the immune system?

A

lymphocytes

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2
Q

what 2 cells compose the definition of lymphocytes?

A

B and T cells

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of immunity?

A
  • Innate

* Adaptive

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4
Q

What is theInnateImmunity?

A

its the first line of defense agains microbesit has barrierswe have it naturally

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5
Q

What does the Innate Immunity react against?

A

infectious microbes

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6
Q

What is the Adaptive Immune System?

A

its acquired over timeits activated when a microbe goes through the innate immunity

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7
Q

what does the adaptive immune system react against?

A

it will attack infectious and non-infectious microbes

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8
Q

What are the Adaptive immunity’s cells?

A

B and T cells

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9
Q

What are the innate immunity’s cells?

A

NK, Macrophages, epithelium, Neutrophils

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10
Q

What are the 2 antige presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells and Macrophages

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11
Q

To what immunity do dendritic cells belong to?

A

both innate and adaptive

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of adaptive immune systems?

A

1) Humoral immunity2) Cell-Mediated immunity

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13
Q

What makes upthe humoral immune response?

A

B cells and plasma cells

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14
Q

What types of microbes will the humoral immunity attack?

A

extracellular

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15
Q

What cells make up the cell-mediated response?

A

CD4+ (t helper cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic t cells)

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16
Q

What types of microbes will the cell-mediated immunity attack?

A

intracellular microbes

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17
Q

Into what other cell will B cells transform into?

A

plasma cells

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18
Q

What does the plama cell secrete and where will it be secreted into?

A

Plasma cells secretes antibodies into the blood and mucosa.

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19
Q

Secretion of antibodies into the blood and mucosa by plasma cells will help against microbes how?

A

by neutralizing microbes before they can colonize.

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20
Q

What antibodies are always present in B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

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21
Q

What type of molecule must the microbe be for the T cells in the cell-mediated response be able to recognize it and destroy it?

A

a peptide antigen

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22
Q

B cells in the cell-mediated response will react against microbes made-up of what types of molecules?

A

lipid, carbs, protein

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23
Q

The immune system can be acquired in two types of ways:

A

1) Passive Immunity2) Active Immunity

24
Q

How do we get Passive immunity?

A

through our mother’s breast milk and placenta.

25
Q

Is the passive immunity long term or short term?

A

pssive immunity is short term

26
Q

will the passive immunity be fast acting or slow acting?

A

fast acting

27
Q

what antibody is found in mother milk?

A

IgA

28
Q

What antibody is found in the placenta?

A

IgG

29
Q

Is the Active immunty long term or short term?

A

its long term- for the remainder of your life

30
Q

Is the Active immunity fast acting or slow acting?

A

it is slow acting

31
Q

How to we get the active immunity?

A

through infection or vaccination

32
Q

What are the 7 properties of the adaptive immunity?

A
  • Diverse
  • Polyclonal
  • Specific
  • Self-tolerant
  • Has Memory
  • Has Homeostasis
33
Q

What are the 5 different lymphocytes?

A
  • Natural Killers
  • T Regulatory cells
  • B cells
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
  • T Helper cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
34
Q

Do Natural Killer Cells have surface receptors?

A

no

35
Q

what is a cytotoxic cell?

A

it kills another cell directly by degranulation

36
Q

what is a B cell?

A

cell that neutralizes by using antibodies (has to change to plasma cell)

37
Q

What is a T helper cell?

A

i recognizes peptide antigen on dendritic cells using MHC 2

38
Q

what is a regulatory t cell?

A

it maintains tolerance against reactive self antigen through anergy

39
Q

what is a natural killer cell?

A

it will killcells that have changes in its surface(reduced MHC 1 receptors by either viral infection or stress, broken DNA)

40
Q

What is the direction followed by maturing lymphocytes?

A

1) B and T cells get made in the Bone Marrow2) B cells mature in the Bone Marrow3) T cells got to Thymus and mature there4) Mature B/T cells go to Spleen and peripheral lymphoid tissues

41
Q

Where are B cells found in the lymph nodes?

A

B cells are found in follicles

42
Q

where are B cells found in the spleen?

A

germinal centers

43
Q

Where do we find T cells in lymph nodes?

A

paracortex

44
Q

Where do we find T cells in the Spleen?

A

in the PALS (Peri-Arteriolar Lymphoid Sheeth)

45
Q

What is the MALT?Where is it found?What cells compose the MALT mostly?

A

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid TissuesWe find it in: Tonsils, GI (ileum, peyer patches), Respiratory TractComposed mostly of memory cells

46
Q

What receptor do naive T cells use to detect chemokines that lead them to the lymph nodes?

A

CCR7 receptor

47
Q

What cells draw Mature B cells into the follicles and Germinal centers in order for them to find antigen and differentiate into effector cells?

A

Follicular dendritic cells

48
Q

What happens to B cells and T cells when they have both found antigen in lymph nodes or Sleen?

A

they meet at the edge of follicles

49
Q

What cell helps B cells differentiate into plasma cells?

A

T helper cells

50
Q

What is the path followed byNaiveT cells in order to get activated?

A

1) T cells mature in the Thymus and get released as Naive T cells into the blood2) Naive T cell circulates blood and lymphoid organs3) Go to lymph nodes and enter through High Endothelial Venules using L-Selectin4) Find antigen and comence polyclonal effectoractivity5) Effector cells leave lymph node into the blood to site of infection

51
Q

When Activated T cell begins to differentiate into many effector cells:What receptors are reduced in its surface?What receptors are increased in its surface?

A

Increased: Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptorDecreased: Adhesion molecules and chemokine expression

52
Q

What does Sphingosine-1-Phosphate do?

A

It allows effector T cell to leave into the blood

53
Q

what do naive T cells use to enter lymph nodes through High endothelial venules?

A

L-Selectin

54
Q

Where do we find Central Memory Cells?

A

in central lymphoid organs

55
Q

what do central memory cells do?

A

thy build a secondary response to captured antigen (build effector memory cells to fight off secondaryexposure to antigen)

56
Q

Where do we find effector memory cells?

A

transmigrating through peripheral tissues

Immunology Block 1 (5 decks)

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