Ppt 1 Intro to the immune syst Flashcards
what are the cells used by the immune system?
lymphocytes
what 2 cells compose the definition of lymphocytes?
B and T cells
What are the 2 types of immunity?
- Innate
* Adaptive
What is theInnateImmunity?
its the first line of defense agains microbesit has barrierswe have it naturally
What does the Innate Immunity react against?
infectious microbes
What is the Adaptive Immune System?
its acquired over timeits activated when a microbe goes through the innate immunity
what does the adaptive immune system react against?
it will attack infectious and non-infectious microbes
What are the Adaptive immunity’s cells?
B and T cells
What are the innate immunity’s cells?
NK, Macrophages, epithelium, Neutrophils
What are the 2 antige presenting cells?
Dendritic cells and Macrophages
To what immunity do dendritic cells belong to?
both innate and adaptive
what are the 2 types of adaptive immune systems?
1) Humoral immunity2) Cell-Mediated immunity
What makes upthe humoral immune response?
B cells and plasma cells
What types of microbes will the humoral immunity attack?
extracellular
What cells make up the cell-mediated response?
CD4+ (t helper cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic t cells)
What types of microbes will the cell-mediated immunity attack?
intracellular microbes
Into what other cell will B cells transform into?
plasma cells
What does the plama cell secrete and where will it be secreted into?
Plasma cells secretes antibodies into the blood and mucosa.
Secretion of antibodies into the blood and mucosa by plasma cells will help against microbes how?
by neutralizing microbes before they can colonize.
What antibodies are always present in B cells?
IgM and IgD
What type of molecule must the microbe be for the T cells in the cell-mediated response be able to recognize it and destroy it?
a peptide antigen
B cells in the cell-mediated response will react against microbes made-up of what types of molecules?
lipid, carbs, protein
The immune system can be acquired in two types of ways:
1) Passive Immunity2) Active Immunity
How do we get Passive immunity?
through our mother’s breast milk and placenta.
Is the passive immunity long term or short term?
pssive immunity is short term
will the passive immunity be fast acting or slow acting?
fast acting
what antibody is found in mother milk?
IgA
What antibody is found in the placenta?
IgG
Is the Active immunty long term or short term?
its long term- for the remainder of your life
Is the Active immunity fast acting or slow acting?
it is slow acting
How to we get the active immunity?
through infection or vaccination
What are the 7 properties of the adaptive immunity?
- Diverse
- Polyclonal
- Specific
- Self-tolerant
- Has Memory
- Has Homeostasis
What are the 5 different lymphocytes?
- Natural Killers
- T Regulatory cells
- B cells
- Dendritic cells
- Macrophages
- T Helper cells
- Cytotoxic T cells
Do Natural Killer Cells have surface receptors?
no
what is a cytotoxic cell?
it kills another cell directly by degranulation
what is a B cell?
cell that neutralizes by using antibodies (has to change to plasma cell)
What is a T helper cell?
i recognizes peptide antigen on dendritic cells using MHC 2
what is a regulatory t cell?
it maintains tolerance against reactive self antigen through anergy
what is a natural killer cell?
it will killcells that have changes in its surface(reduced MHC 1 receptors by either viral infection or stress, broken DNA)
What is the direction followed by maturing lymphocytes?
1) B and T cells get made in the Bone Marrow2) B cells mature in the Bone Marrow3) T cells got to Thymus and mature there4) Mature B/T cells go to Spleen and peripheral lymphoid tissues
Where are B cells found in the lymph nodes?
B cells are found in follicles
where are B cells found in the spleen?
germinal centers
Where do we find T cells in lymph nodes?
paracortex
Where do we find T cells in the Spleen?
in the PALS (Peri-Arteriolar Lymphoid Sheeth)
What is the MALT?Where is it found?What cells compose the MALT mostly?
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid TissuesWe find it in: Tonsils, GI (ileum, peyer patches), Respiratory TractComposed mostly of memory cells
What receptor do naive T cells use to detect chemokines that lead them to the lymph nodes?
CCR7 receptor
What cells draw Mature B cells into the follicles and Germinal centers in order for them to find antigen and differentiate into effector cells?
Follicular dendritic cells
What happens to B cells and T cells when they have both found antigen in lymph nodes or Sleen?
they meet at the edge of follicles
What cell helps B cells differentiate into plasma cells?
T helper cells
What is the path followed byNaiveT cells in order to get activated?
1) T cells mature in the Thymus and get released as Naive T cells into the blood2) Naive T cell circulates blood and lymphoid organs3) Go to lymph nodes and enter through High Endothelial Venules using L-Selectin4) Find antigen and comence polyclonal effectoractivity5) Effector cells leave lymph node into the blood to site of infection
When Activated T cell begins to differentiate into many effector cells:What receptors are reduced in its surface?What receptors are increased in its surface?
Increased: Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptorDecreased: Adhesion molecules and chemokine expression
What does Sphingosine-1-Phosphate do?
It allows effector T cell to leave into the blood
what do naive T cells use to enter lymph nodes through High endothelial venules?
L-Selectin
Where do we find Central Memory Cells?
in central lymphoid organs
what do central memory cells do?
thy build a secondary response to captured antigen (build effector memory cells to fight off secondaryexposure to antigen)
Where do we find effector memory cells?
transmigrating through peripheral tissues
