PPT #1 Flashcards
The dark, outer ring of the brain.
cortex
Four areas of the cerebral cortex
Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
The frontal lobe is responsible for ______ function and is considered the _____ of the brain.
executive; CEO
Two mental disorders frontal lobe is responsible for?
ADHD and substance abuse
A complex system of neurons in the brain
limbic system
What does the limbic system control?
Learning, memory, emotions, and basic drives.
Parts of the limbic system?
Hippocampus (memory), amygdala (emotions), and hypothalamus( basic drives for food and sex, temp regulation)
Which part creates nuerotransmitters?
cell body
Nuerons communicate by sending what?
neurotransmitters
Each time a receptor is triggered, it causes ____ changes in the cell body
voltage
Electrical discharge that fires down the axon
action potential
The action potential travels down the axon until it reaches the axon terminal. Inside the terminal are vesicles containing neurotransmitters. Vesicles empty their neurotransmitters in the _____
synapse
After diffusing into the synapse, neurotransmitters find their way to ______
post-synaptic terminals
Although there are over 50 neurotransmitters, what 6 do we need to know for Pharm?
Monoamines: Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Glutamate, GABA, Acetylcholine
Regulates attention, concentration, pleasure, energy, mood, motivation, muscle movements.
Dopamine
Regulates mood, alertness, concentration, energy and activates fight or flight response
Norephinephrine
Regulates mood, anxiety, sexual desires, appetite.
Serotonin
The main excitatory neurotransmittter thats considered the gas pedal.
Glutamate
The main inhibitor (stopper) neurotransmitter considered the brake pedal
GABA
Increased levels of GABA can:
reduce anxiety, induce sleep, stop and prevent seizures
Used in brain areas that regulate attention and memory
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine is increased for:
Alzheimers and Parkinsons
3 ways neurons terminate a signal:
diffusion (float away into cerebrospinal fluid), enzymatic degradation (Enzymes break apart neurotransmitters like pac-man and end in -ase), and reuptake (pumps inside presynaptic terminal has pumps that suck neuro transmitters back in the presynaptic terminal for future use.
Part that receives nuerotransmitters?
postsynaptic terminal
Which part carries electrical signal ?
axon
Which releases neurotransmitters?
axon terminal
What is the synapse?
gap between pre and postsynaptic terminals
what are the 3 major monamine neurotransmitters?
dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
Monamines that regulate mood?
dopamine, serotinin, norepinephrine
monamines that regulate attention/alertness?
dopamine, norepinephrine
monamine that regulates muscle movements?
dopamine
neurotransmitter that helps reduce anxiety?
serotonin, GABA
Which neurotransmitter do we try to increase in Alzheimers patients?
Acetylcholine
