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Phase 3a Medicine > PPS week > Flashcards

PPS week Flashcards

1
Q

Give a definition for the following words:

  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Non-maleficence
  • Justice
A
  • Autonomy: honour the patient’s right to make their own decision
  • Beneficence: to help the patient advance his/her good
  • Non-maleficence: do no harm
  • Justice: to be fair and treat like cases alike
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2
Q

Social Media: What are some positives of social media?

A
  • Gain support from social and professional networks
  • Facilitate public access to accurate health information
  • Improve patient access to information and have healthy debates
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3
Q

Social Media: What are some negatives of social media?

A
  • Loss of private information
  • Patient confidentiality
  • Unprofessional online behaviour
  • Risk of messages being sent to media or employers
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4
Q

What are some examples of human error?

A
  • Communication breakdown
  • Lack of skill
  • Poor team work
  • System error
  • Ignorance
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5
Q

What is leadership?

A

To motivate people. To purposely and eventually achieve a goal

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6
Q

What are some models you can use to describe leadership?

A
  1. Laissez Faire
  2. Transactional
  3. Transformational
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7
Q

What is the Laissez Faire Model?

A
  • No supervision.

- Good for minor supervision and when there is a productive well voiced team.

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8
Q

What is the transactional Model?

A

Supervisional organisation and supervision

Stick and Carrot thing. If you do good you get a carrot. Do bad you get a stick

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9
Q

What is the Transformational Model?

A

This is a goal orientated vision. Allows you to get the best out of people. This allows outcomes to be achieved

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10
Q

Doctors Problems with leadership

A

They have lack of knowledge and experience
They loose their autonomy
They loose their clinical changes

Fond on hierarchies
Not used to be told what they have to do.

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11
Q

How many Belbin Team Roles are there?

A

9

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12
Q

What are some of the Belbin Roles?

A 
The planter, 
shaper, 
implementer 
Specialist
team worker
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13
Q

How do things in a clinical situation go wrong?

A

Human error
Neglect
Poor performance
Misconduct

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14
Q

What is the Swiss Cheese Model ?

A

The idea of a series of small mistakes have contributed to a big problem

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15
Q

What is Wayne Jowett’s ‘never event’/?

A

It is a good example of the Swiss cheese model lining up. Causing something really bad to happen

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16
Q

What are the two types of human error?

A

Unintended human error:

  • Lapses: memory failures and losing places (spelling something wrong) or forgetting to prescribe a drug
  • Slips: attentional failures, intrusions and omissions (doing something wrong on person)

Intended human error:

  • Mistakes
  • Violations: i.e speeding
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17
Q

What is the pattern of thought should we do for F1 doctor life?

A 
Pattern recogniser
Analytical process initiated 
Analytical method chose and tested
Decison made 
Check and balance
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18
Q

What is negligence

A

Failure to take proper care over something leading to a breach of a duty of care to cause harm.

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19
Q

The medical negligence 4 test:

A
  1. Was there a duty of care
  2. Was there a breach in the duty of care
  3. Did the patient come to harm?
  4. Did the breach cause the harm?

This allows the civil to claim for damages.
There is a big difference between medical negligence and gross negligence

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20
Q

What is a Bolam and Bolitho test?

A

The idea that if a patient complains. That the issue that happened needs to be assessed to see if it causes harm.

Money= cost of care, effect on income, pain and suffering.

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21
Q

How do you report an incident?

What is a serious untoward incident?

A

You do it via a Datix incident form

A serious incident that has caused irreversible harm.

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22
Q

What are 4 different types of screening?

A

Opportunistic
Communicable
Population
Occupational

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23
Q

Give 4 examples of screening tests

A 
Breast Cancer 
Cervical Cancer 
Guthrie Test 
Newborn Hearing 
Bowel Cancer
24
Q

What is an example of lead time bias?

A

This is when a patient has a slowly progressing disease that is more likely to be picked up by screening which appears to prolong life but doesn’t

25
Q

What are the 3 components of a health needs assessment

A

Need
Supply
Demand

26
Q

What are 4 types of Need

A

Expressed Need
Felt need
Normative need
Comparative need

27
Q

What is an epidemiological approach?

A

This is the idea that you just use date to work out the size of a problem. This doesn’t look at the felt needs

28
Q

What does the theory of planned behaviour do?

A

It says that behaviour is down to:

  • Personal Attitude
  • Social norms
  • Perceived behavioural control
29
Q

What are the 3 types of risk?

A

Relative
Attributable
Absolute

30
Q

What is bias

A

Bias is when there is a systematic error in results in a deviation from the true effect of an exposure

31
Q

What are some types of bias?

A

Selection bias: so you can allocate in a wrong way
Information bias: measurement, observer, recall or reporting bias
Publication bias: negative results less likely to be published. More likely to be published if done by a drug company

32
Q

What are 5 ways to assess causality:

A 
Strength of association 
Dose response 
Temporality 
Biological plausibility 
Consistency
33
Q

Name 3 types of error:

A

Sloth: being laze
Lack of skill
Communication

34
Q

What is negligence?

A

When you had a duty of care
The duty of care was breached
A patient came to harm
The harm was due to the breach of care

Bolam: would a group of doctors trained in the same way do the same?
Bolitho: would that be reasonable?

35
Q

Name 5 health inequalities: PROGRESS

A 
Place of resident 
Race
Occupation 
Gender 
Religion 
Education 
Socio-economic Status 
Social capita
36
Q

What is Human Right Article 2 say:

A

This is the right to life

37
Q

What is human right article 3?

A

The right to freedom, from in humane and degrading treatment

38
Q

What is human right article 8?

A

Right to respect for privacy and family life

39
Q

What is article 12:

A

The right to marry and have a family

40
Q

What is article 14:

A

The right to freedom from discrimination

41
Q

What is the principle of maximising

A

Give the resources to the person that would most likely benefit from the treatment

42
Q

What is the principle of Libertarianism?

A

This is the principle that each person is responsible for their own health. Not the government or other organisations

43
Q

WHat is culture

A

This is a pattern of shared measuring by which people communicate and develop their knowledge about their attitudes and life

44
Q

What is the ICeberg model?

A

The idea that some issues are above and some are below sea level: i.e what you can see opposed to what you can’t see

45
Q

What are the 6 questions in Helman;s folk model?

A 
The idea of: WHY
WHAT has happened to be 
WHY has it happened
WHY me 
WHY now 
WHAT would happen if I did nothing about it 
WHAT should I do about it?
46
Q

What is Miller’s prism of clinical competence?

A

This is lowest:

  • Knows
  • Then knows how
  • Then shows
  • Then does
47
Q

What does SMART stand for?

A 
Specific 
Measurable 
Assignable 
Realistic 
Time based
48
Q

What are 3 personalities in a small group?

A

Quiet
Dismissive
Interruptible

49
Q

What are 5 different types of learners

A 
Centre of attention 
Dominant 
Offensive 
Argumentative 
Flirtatious
50
Q

When you are teaching what questions should you ask yourself?

A

Who are you teaching
What am I teaching
How will i teach
How will i know if they understood it?

51
Q

What are 4 ways for effective teaching?

A

Deep knowledge of content
High quality of instructions
Create a good classroom environment that is constantly demanding more
Manage a classroom with efficient time and resources

52
Q

Give 5 different types of errors

A 
Sloth 
Communication error
Lack of skill 
Ignorance 
System errors
Poor team work
53
Q

What are two ways to prevent Swiss cheese model:

A

Surgical checklist

SBAR

54
Q

Give 5 examples of error

A 
Mis-triage 
Sloth 
Ignorance 
Fixation and loss of perspective 
Miss communication 
Poor team work 
Lack of skill
55
Q

What are 5some different questioning strategies?

A 
Evidence 
Clarification 
Explanation 
Linking and extending 
Hypothetical 
Cause and Effect

Phase 3a Medicine (9 decks)

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