PPS week Flashcards
Give a definition for the following words:
- Autonomy
- Beneficence
- Non-maleficence
- Justice
- Autonomy: honour the patient’s right to make their own decision
- Beneficence: to help the patient advance his/her good
- Non-maleficence: do no harm
- Justice: to be fair and treat like cases alike
Social Media: What are some positives of social media?
- Gain support from social and professional networks
- Facilitate public access to accurate health information
- Improve patient access to information and have healthy debates
Social Media: What are some negatives of social media?
- Loss of private information
- Patient confidentiality
- Unprofessional online behaviour
- Risk of messages being sent to media or employers
What are some examples of human error?
- Communication breakdown
- Lack of skill
- Poor team work
- System error
- Ignorance
What is leadership?
To motivate people. To purposely and eventually achieve a goal
What are some models you can use to describe leadership?
- Laissez Faire
- Transactional
- Transformational
What is the Laissez Faire Model?
- No supervision.
- Good for minor supervision and when there is a productive well voiced team.
What is the transactional Model?
Supervisional organisation and supervision
Stick and Carrot thing. If you do good you get a carrot. Do bad you get a stick
What is the Transformational Model?
This is a goal orientated vision. Allows you to get the best out of people. This allows outcomes to be achieved
Doctors Problems with leadership
They have lack of knowledge and experience
They loose their autonomy
They loose their clinical changes
Fond on hierarchies
Not used to be told what they have to do.
How many Belbin Team Roles are there?
9
What are some of the Belbin Roles?
The planter, shaper, implementer Specialist team worker
How do things in a clinical situation go wrong?
Human error
Neglect
Poor performance
Misconduct
What is the Swiss Cheese Model ?
The idea of a series of small mistakes have contributed to a big problem
What is Wayne Jowett’s ‘never event’/?
It is a good example of the Swiss cheese model lining up. Causing something really bad to happen
What are the two types of human error?
Unintended human error:
- Lapses: memory failures and losing places (spelling something wrong) or forgetting to prescribe a drug
- Slips: attentional failures, intrusions and omissions (doing something wrong on person)
Intended human error:
- Mistakes
- Violations: i.e speeding
What is the pattern of thought should we do for F1 doctor life?
Pattern recogniser Analytical process initiated Analytical method chose and tested Decison made Check and balance
What is negligence
Failure to take proper care over something leading to a breach of a duty of care to cause harm.
The medical negligence 4 test:
- Was there a duty of care
- Was there a breach in the duty of care
- Did the patient come to harm?
- Did the breach cause the harm?
This allows the civil to claim for damages.
There is a big difference between medical negligence and gross negligence
What is a Bolam and Bolitho test?
The idea that if a patient complains. That the issue that happened needs to be assessed to see if it causes harm.
Money= cost of care, effect on income, pain and suffering.
How do you report an incident?
What is a serious untoward incident?
You do it via a Datix incident form
A serious incident that has caused irreversible harm.
What are 4 different types of screening?
Opportunistic
Communicable
Population
Occupational
Give 4 examples of screening tests
Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Guthrie Test Newborn Hearing Bowel Cancer
What is an example of lead time bias?
This is when a patient has a slowly progressing disease that is more likely to be picked up by screening which appears to prolong life but doesn’t
What are the 3 components of a health needs assessment
Need
Supply
Demand
What are 4 types of Need
Expressed Need
Felt need
Normative need
Comparative need
What is an epidemiological approach?
This is the idea that you just use date to work out the size of a problem. This doesn’t look at the felt needs
What does the theory of planned behaviour do?
It says that behaviour is down to:
- Personal Attitude
- Social norms
- Perceived behavioural control
What are the 3 types of risk?
Relative
Attributable
Absolute
What is bias
Bias is when there is a systematic error in results in a deviation from the true effect of an exposure
What are some types of bias?
Selection bias: so you can allocate in a wrong way
Information bias: measurement, observer, recall or reporting bias
Publication bias: negative results less likely to be published. More likely to be published if done by a drug company
What are 5 ways to assess causality:
Strength of association Dose response Temporality Biological plausibility Consistency
Name 3 types of error:
Sloth: being laze
Lack of skill
Communication
What is negligence?
When you had a duty of care
The duty of care was breached
A patient came to harm
The harm was due to the breach of care
Bolam: would a group of doctors trained in the same way do the same?
Bolitho: would that be reasonable?
Name 5 health inequalities: PROGRESS
Place of resident Race Occupation Gender Religion Education Socio-economic Status Social capita
What is Human Right Article 2 say:
This is the right to life
What is human right article 3?
The right to freedom, from in humane and degrading treatment
What is human right article 8?
Right to respect for privacy and family life
What is article 12:
The right to marry and have a family
What is article 14:
The right to freedom from discrimination
What is the principle of maximising
Give the resources to the person that would most likely benefit from the treatment
What is the principle of Libertarianism?
This is the principle that each person is responsible for their own health. Not the government or other organisations
WHat is culture
This is a pattern of shared measuring by which people communicate and develop their knowledge about their attitudes and life
What is the ICeberg model?
The idea that some issues are above and some are below sea level: i.e what you can see opposed to what you can’t see
What are the 6 questions in Helman;s folk model?
The idea of: WHY WHAT has happened to be WHY has it happened WHY me WHY now WHAT would happen if I did nothing about it WHAT should I do about it?
What is Miller’s prism of clinical competence?
This is lowest:
- Knows
- Then knows how
- Then shows
- Then does
What does SMART stand for?
Specific Measurable Assignable Realistic Time based
What are 3 personalities in a small group?
Quiet
Dismissive
Interruptible
What are 5 different types of learners
Centre of attention Dominant Offensive Argumentative Flirtatious
When you are teaching what questions should you ask yourself?
Who are you teaching
What am I teaching
How will i teach
How will i know if they understood it?
What are 4 ways for effective teaching?
Deep knowledge of content
High quality of instructions
Create a good classroom environment that is constantly demanding more
Manage a classroom with efficient time and resources
Give 5 different types of errors
Sloth Communication error Lack of skill Ignorance System errors Poor team work
What are two ways to prevent Swiss cheese model:
Surgical checklist
SBAR
Give 5 examples of error
Mis-triage Sloth Ignorance Fixation and loss of perspective Miss communication Poor team work Lack of skill
What are 5some different questioning strategies?
Evidence Clarification Explanation Linking and extending Hypothetical Cause and Effect
