pps 106 Flashcards
____ by nature of its small size, allows flexibility in a protein; it is also the only _____ amino acid.
Glycine
non-chiral
____ residues can produce a sharp change of direction in the amino acid _____ of a protein.
Proline
backbone
____ bonds formed between _____ side chains are responsible for curly hair.
Disulphide
cysteine
_____ has a similar molecular structure to Kevlar but is at least # times tougher; toughness is the ability of a material to _______
spider silk
10
absorb energy plastically and deform without breaking
Spider silk, like the man-made fibre ____, contains regions of _____ protein structure, and also small ___structures.
Kevlar
amphorous
Beta-sheet
____ silk consists of a repetitive _____ sequence. In the fibre, adjacent ____ are held together by ____
silkworm silk
alanine-glycine
beta sheets
interdigitation
______ are all suitable anti-HIV drug targets.
HIV protease
HIV reverse transcriptase
HIV integrase
The most common configuration of a peptide bond is ____
trans planar
antiparallel = facing ?
opp directions
> > < > antiparallel?
yes
> < > < parallel?
no - antiparallel
> > > > antiparallel?
no- parallel
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose are examples of two:
anomers
what occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis and fermentation
Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle?
NADH and FADH2
Which of the following ETC complexes does NOT pump protons?
Complex II
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the nett energy-containing products of glycolysis are:
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
What is the total number of sterioisomers possible for a carbohydrate with three chiral carbons?
8
The first step in gluconeogenesis is the ____________ of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate.
carboxylation
What is the primary gluconeogenic organ in animals?
liver
example of a disaccharide?
sucrose
The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to:
act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water.
α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose are examples of TWO:
disaccharides.
polysaccharides.
enantiomers.
anomers.
anomers
_____ are separately folded regions of the same protein.
Large proteins with domain structures are ____ because it is ____ for a ____ sequence to fold up all in one go into a _____.
domains common not efficient long protein single large domain
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by:
decreasing the activation energy.
Following the anaerobic degradation of ONE glucose molecule by glycolysis and the TCA cycle only, the net yield of ATP molecules is:
four
For a case of simple enzyme inhibition, the binding of a competitive inhibitor occurs at:
he active site and changes Km.
For an allosteric or co-operative enzyme the Hill coefficient:
None of the other options are correct.
is equal to the number of protein subunits.
is always greater than the number of binding sites.
is equal to the number of active sites.
None of the other options are correct.
For an enzyme which normally has a coenzyme attached to it for catalytic activity, the protein alone is known as the:
apo-enzyme
For a simple enzyme catalysed reaction the Km value is:
the equilibrium constant for the binding of enzyme to substrate.
For a simple enzyme catalysed reaction the substrate concentration dependence is:
hyperbolic
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate stimulates the activity of which enzyme?
pyruvate kinase
Futile cycles are avoided in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis because these pathways:
have key metabolic steps that use different enzymes.
Gluconeogenesis from lactate requires the activity of:
aldolase
Glycogen is a:
polymer of α-glucose monomers.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase:
uses inorganic phosphate.
