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RW Pathology > PPQs > Flashcards

PPQs Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for Ank Spond

A

NSAID, then Infliximab

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2
Q

DMARD for RhA

A

Tocilizumab

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3
Q

CVID Tx

A

Pooled Ig

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4
Q

Psoriasis DMARD

A

Ustenkinumab

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5
Q

Tx for urticaria

A

Anti-histamine

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6
Q

Tx for angioedema anaphylaxis

A

IM adrenaline

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7
Q

Cytokine which promotes antibody synthesis stimulates B cells

A

IL-4

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8
Q

Cytokine for eosinophil growth

A

IL-5

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9
Q

Cytokine released first in contact dermatitis

A

IL-12

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10
Q

Wegener’s Tx

A

Prednisolone, then Ciclophosamide

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11
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Enterochromaffin cell tumour –> produces serotonin
Bronchoconstriction, Flushing, Diarrhoea
Tx: Octerotide

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12
Q

HIV gp120 binds to

A

CCR5 or CXCR4

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13
Q

HIV gp41

A

Allows penetration

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14
Q

Neutralising antibodies against HIV

A

anti-gp120, anti-gp41

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15
Q

Non-neutralising antibodies formed against HIV

A

HIV p24

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16
Q

CCR7

A

Chemokine receptor on T helper cell

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17
Q

Recurrent meningococcal meningitis

A

C7 deficiency

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18
Q

Patient treated for RhA now gets TB / mycobacterial infection

A

Iatrogenic - infliximab –> similar to IFN-γdeficiency

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19
Q

Asplenic patients need what vaccines

A

Pneumoxvax - every 5 years

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20
Q

Vaccines contraindicated in infliximab

A

Live vaccines (e.g. MMR, Nasal flu vaccine, Typhoid, Yellow fever, Sabin)

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21
Q

Marker in heart failure

A

Brain natriuretic peptide

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22
Q

Warfarin decreases which coagulation factor first

A

Factor VII (7) - NOT Protein C since protein C is not a cogulation factor

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23
Q

Alcoholic and OGD shows white things on oesophagus

A

Leukoplakia

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24
Q

Blood transfusion for man with previous allergic reaction

A

Washed cells

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25
Q

INR for AF

A

2.0 - 3.0

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26
Q

INR for prosthetic valve

A

2.5 - 3.0

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27
Q

Monitoring for unfractionated heparin

A

APTT

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28
Q

Small ulcer on finger which won’t heal, getting bigger, Solider, Afghan

A

Leishmania

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29
Q

HIV, SOB, dry cough, ground glass on imaging

A

PCP

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30
Q

CXR halo sign

A

Invasive aspergillosis

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31
Q

Immunodeficiency with common gamma chain issue

A

X-linked SCID

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32
Q

JC virus causes

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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33
Q

Reactivation of a virus after transplant

A

Epstein Barr virus

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34
Q

Virus causing aseptic meningitis

A

Enterovirus (Coxsackie virus Group B or Echovirus)

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35
Q

Slate grey skin, diabetes, fatty stools

A

Haemochromatosis

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36
Q

Tx time for VTE

A

3 months

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37
Q

Sacrioilliits, HLA B27 +ve

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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38
Q

Elderly man fall with dark urine, cause of dark urine

A

Myoglobin

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39
Q

Multiple myeloma with restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Amyloid

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40
Q

Mexico and unpasteurised diary, 4 weeks later unwell

A

Brucella

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41
Q

Cut hand cleaning fish tank

A

Mycobacterium marinum

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42
Q

Tx for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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43
Q

Tx for C diff

A

Metronidazole

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44
Q

Glomerulonephritis with lung changes, c-ANCA +ve

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

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45
Q

What to give if pen allergic

A

Cephalosporin (Cephalexin) or Macrolide

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46
Q

CLL with p53 mutation

A

(1) Rituximab or Alemtuzumab

(2) Ibrutinib

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47
Q

Tx for CML

A

Imatinib

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48
Q

Prophylaxis for allograft rejection

A

Mycophenolate mofetil, Prednisolone, Tacrolimus

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49
Q

Common cause of cellulitis

A

Strep pyogenes

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50
Q

Coeliac and IEL stands for

A

Intraepithelial lymphocytes

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51
Q

Woman found died at home surrounded by needles. Family want death cert.

A

Ask family for permission to do autopsy in hospital

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52
Q

Homeless man dies, no next of skin, consultant says autospy

A

Consent not needed - human tissue act does not apply

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53
Q

Hospital autopsy, coroner wants spine for teaching

A

Must ask family

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54
Q

Tx for malaria

A

Non-falciparum malaria –> Chloroquine, Primaquine (if G6PD normal)
Falciparum malaria
- Mild –> Atovaquone, Proguanil, Riamet (Artemisinin + Lumefantrine), Quinine
- Severe –> IV Artesunate

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55
Q

βthalassaemia presents with erectile dysfunction

A

Transfusion-associated haemosiderosis

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56
Q

GvHD - Sx

A

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction
Rash
Bloody diarrhoea
Dies 4 days after transfusion

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57
Q

TRALI - Sx

A

Hypotension, Tachycardia, Fever, SOB, Bilateral lung infiltrates, ↓SO2

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58
Q

Sickle cell FHx, sickle cell solubility test shows clouding

A

Sickle cell trait

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59
Q

Haemolysis after anti-malarials

A

G6PD

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60
Q

Can eat cooked apple but if raw apple –> inflamed lips

A

Oral allergy syndrome

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61
Q

Cross-country running gets red rash on legs, control with antihistamines

A

Cold urticaria

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62
Q

Allergic reaction when blowing up balloons

A

Type 1 latex allergy

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63
Q

Bloated after drinking milk, non-IgE

A

Lactose intolerance

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64
Q

↑paraprotein, back pain, loss of sensation in legs

A

Multiple myeloma (usually ↑IgG, either Kappa or Lambda)

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65
Q

IgM paraprotein + visual disturbances

A

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma = Waldenstrom’s macroglobinaemia

If you are walking in a (walden)storm, visibility can be a problem.

66
Q

German with low neutrophils, all other normal

A

Chronic idiopathic neutropenia

67
Q

Diabetes, Back pain, ↑IgA, ↓ GFR, FBC normal, albumin normal

A

MGUS

68
Q

Cut-off between MGUS and MM

A

Monoclonal protein < 30 (IgG, IgA)

BM plasma cells < 10%

69
Q

Student with ↑↑ALT, ↑ALP, ↑GGT

A

Viral hepatitis

70
Q

Traveller’s diarrhoea

A

Escherichia coli

71
Q

5 days after eating raw chicken

A

Campylobactera (or Shigella if bloody diarrhoea)

72
Q

Diarrhoea for nurses or Cruise ships

A

Norovirus

73
Q

Osmolality

A

2(Na+K)+Urea+Glucose

74
Q

Anion gap

A

Na+K-Cl-Bicarb

75
Q

Cell type inhibited by MHC1 on cells

A

NK cells

76
Q

Cell type binds to MHC1 presenting cells

A

CD8 cell

77
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus –> ↑ risk of

A

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma

78
Q

Pernicious anaemia - stomach histology

A

Atrophic (gastritis)

79
Q

what breast canacer is also known as non-specific type?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

80
Q

Most common breast malignancy

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

81
Q

Breast cancer and E-cadherin +ve

A

Invasive ductal carcionoma

82
Q

Breast cancer and E-cadherin -ve

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

83
Q

Which breast cancer has a high, medium and low stage to it

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

84
Q

Breast Fibro-epithelial tumour with abudent stromal elements

A

Phyllodes tumour

85
Q

Enzyme raised in osteomalacia

A

ALP

86
Q

Women, dry eyes, parotid swellling

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

87
Q

HIV Tx monitoring

A

CD4 count, Viral load

88
Q

SLE disease monitoring

A

C3/C4

89
Q

Boy, no B cells, recurrent chest infections

A

Bruton’s X linked agammaglobinaemia

90
Q

Boy, abscesses, +ve NBT

A

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

91
Q

-ve NBT

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

92
Q

Boy develops TB after BCG vaccine

A

IFN-γdeficiency

93
Q

Frank painless haematuria with unilateral mass

A

Renal cell carcinoma

94
Q

Loin-to-groin pain, haematuria, pain at end of micturition

A

Calculus

95
Q

AF and flank pain

A

Renal infarct

96
Q

Most common cause of maternal ↓Plt

A

Gestational thrombocytopaenia

97
Q

Causes DIC in pregnancy

A

Amniotic fluid embolus

Placental abruption

98
Q

Antiviral to treat RSV

A

Ribavirin

99
Q

Male, Smoker, Sudden chest pain radiating to neck

A

Descending internal carotid thrombus

100
Q

CSF ↑lymphocytes, ↑protein, glucose

A

Viral (e.g. herpes)

101
Q

Gram -ve rod causing sepsis in neonate

A

E coli < 3 months

Hib > 3 months (unvaccinated)

102
Q

Gram +ve rod meningitis in 70 year old

A

Listeria monocytogenes

103
Q

Ibrutinib (BTK) is used for

A

CLL

104
Q

Which enzyme makes HIV error prone

A

Reverse transcriptase

105
Q

Starry sky appearance on histology

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

106
Q

Plasma cells + Rouleaux

A

Multiple Myeloma

107
Q

Intermittent mouth and tongue swelling, on Ace inhibitor

A

Drug-induced reactino (ACEi and NSAIDs)

108
Q

Ulcers on mouth after starting a drug

A

Steven’s johnson syndrome

109
Q

Anti-thrombotic factors on endothelial cell wall

A

Thrombomodulin

110
Q

Vector which transmits Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Tsetse fly

111
Q

Yellow fever vector

A

Aedes (causes aedes aegypti)

112
Q

Leishmaniasis vector

A

Sandfly

113
Q

MRSA treatment

A

Vancomycin

114
Q

Nephrotic syndrome in child

A

Minimal change disease

115
Q

Nephrotic syndrome in Afro-Carribean

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

116
Q

Most common cause of jaundice/fever in returning traveller

A

Malaria

117
Q

Loss of bile ducts, granuloma

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

118
Q

Indications for dialysis

A 
AEIOU
Acidosis
Electrolyte disturbance
Intoxicants (methanol, ethylene glycol)
Overloaded with Fluid
Uraemic symptoms
119
Q

Dad and Brother of dead person disagree over autopsy

A

Go to court to settle disagreement –> autopsy

120
Q

Needlestick. Doctor refuses PEP. Wants to test pt for HIV. Pt refuses.

A

If patient decline and have capacity, you cannot do the test

121
Q

Denosumab targets

A

RANK-L

122
Q

DVT many years ago, presents with bruising, swelling over 5yr, leg pain

A

Thrombophlebitic syndrome = Post-thrombotic syndrome

123
Q

Hyperthyroidism, ↓TSH, ↑T4, poor uptake on Technetium scan

A

Viral de Quervains (Graves’ would have good uptake)

124
Q

Massive splenomegaly, JAK2 V617F mutation,

Leucoerythroblastic picture, tear drop poikylocytes

A

Myelofibrosis

125
Q

African given Rasburicase –> haematuria + irregularly contracted cells

A

G6PD

126
Q

Recent aortic valve replacement, now jaundice, Haemoglobinuria

A

mechanical haemolytic anaemia

127
Q

MM gets amyloidodis, what type

A

Amyloid-light chain amyloidosis

128
Q

Most common HIV drug class

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

129
Q

βlactam with anti-pseudomonal activity

A

Piperacillin

130
Q

Broad spec β-lactam, no pseudomonas activity, given with β-lactamase inhibitor

A

Amoxicillin

131
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitor to treate Pseudomonas but bad against anerobes

A

Ciprofloxacine

132
Q

Genital warts caused by

A

Herpes simplex virus 2

133
Q

Asymptomatic, discharge, wet slide microscopy shows organism

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

134
Q

PID and +ve urinary NAAT

A

Chlamydia trichomatis

135
Q

UTI, Gram +ve cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

136
Q

19M rugby player with boils, teammates and Family have same boils

A

HSV-1

137
Q

Neonate with meningitis, Gram +ve organism in chains

A

Group B strep

138
Q

Chronic schistosomiasis is associated with what bladder cancer

A

SCC of Bladder

139
Q

Radiosensitive testicle cancer in young man with white, smooth appearance

A

Seminoma

140
Q

Young man, severe testicular pain while horseriding

A

Testicular torsion

141
Q

Man goes deaf with bowed legs

A

Paget’s disease

142
Q

HIV, raised ICP, new onset epilepsy

A

Toxoplasmosis

143
Q

Fever, ↑WBC, petechial rash after URTI

A

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

144
Q

Recurrent pneumococcal infections and meningitis

A

C7 deficiency

145
Q

Osteoporosis mAb

A

Denosumab

146
Q

T cell checkpoints, Malignant melanoma, anitbodies

A

PD-1 (Pembrolizumab)

CTLA4 (ipilimumab)

147
Q

Lymphoma and RhA antibody

A

Anti-CD20 (Rituximab)

148
Q

Transplantation, T cell proliferation blocker, antibody

A

Anti-CD25 (basiliximab)

149
Q

Ank spond, antibody

A

Anti-IL-17 antibody (Secukinumb

150
Q

Monocytes in skin

A

Langerhan’s cell

151
Q

Flushed face, problems breathing on multiples times, enlarged liver

A

Carcinoid syndrome

152
Q

Anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Coeliac disease

153
Q

Pt with HTN - high Na, Low K, high renin, high aldosterone

A

Renal artery stenosis

154
Q

Acute transfusion reaction

A 
ABO
Febrile non-haemolytic (no change in BP)
Anaphylaxis
TRALI
TACO
Bacterial infection
155
Q

Delayed transfusion reaction

A

Delayed haemolytic transfusion - rhesus
Post-transfusion purpura
GVHD
Viral infection

156
Q

Cut-off between MGUS and MM

A

Monoclonal protein < 30

BM plasma cells < 10%

157
Q

Smouldering MM

A

> 30g/L M spike (paraprotein)
10% clonal plasma cells
No CRAB (i.e. no end organ damage)

158
Q

Non-secretory myeloma

A

MM without M protein in blood or urine

159
Q

Solitary plasmacytoma

A

Bone lytic lesions (B of CRAB) but no other findings of MM

160
Q

Worsening Crohn’s disease already on azathioprine, next Tx

A

Methotrexate

RW Pathology (9 decks)

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