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RW Pathology > Haematology - INCOMPLETE > Flashcards

Haematology - INCOMPLETE Flashcards

1
Q

Question

A

Answer

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2
Q

Felty syndrome

A 
Extra-articular manifestations of RhA = SANTA = autoimmune cytopenia + RhA
Splenomegaly
Arthritis
Neutropenia
Thrombopenia
Anaemia
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3
Q

TTP

A

Deficiency of vWF cleaving protease (ADAMTS13)
Anti-ADAMTS13 antibody
↓protease –> ↑vWF multimers –> platelet thrombi form –> RBC fragmenttion
Platelets comsumed –> TTP
Tx: Plasma exchange

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4
Q

causes of reticulocytosis

A

Haemolysis, Haemorrhage, Haemolytic replacement

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5
Q

Causes of absent reticulosis

A

Inadequate haematoinics (iron, B12), BM failure, major haemorrhage

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6
Q

Dacrocyte

A

Tear drop RBC

DDx: Leuco-erythroblastic anaemia, Myelofibrosis

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7
Q

Echinocyte (= Burr cells)

A

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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8
Q

Leuco-erythroblastic anaemia

A

Nucleated RBCs + Immature myeloid cells (myelocytes)
Dx Bone marrow infiltration (so both immature red and white cells spill out)
- Cancer
- Infection
- Myelofibrosis

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9
Q

Tx of Essential thrombocythaemia

A

Anagrelide

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10
Q

Target cells = Codocytes

A

IDA, Liver disease, Hyposplenism, Thalassaemia

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11
Q

Blood film of hyposplenism

A

Acanthocytes (many specules)
Howell-Jolly bodies
Target cells

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12
Q

Plummer vinson syndrome

A

IDA
Oesophageal webs
Dysphagia

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13
Q

Sideroblastic anaemia

A 
Due to ineffective erythrooiesis - Alcohol excess, MDS
Ring sideroblasts (ring of iron around nucleus in erythroid precursors)
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14
Q

Warm agglutinins

A 
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (WAIHA) - more common
\+ve Coomb's test
Associated with : CLL, Lymphoma
> 37oC
IgG
Spherocytes
Tx: Steroids, Splenectomy
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15
Q

Cold agglutinin

A 
Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
\+ve Coomb's test
- Ab causes RBC to agglutinate and obstruct vessels when cold
Mycoplasma infection, EBV infection
< 37 oC
IgM
Avoid the cold
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16
Q

Hereditary spheocytosis

A

Spectrin deficiency
Autosomal dominant
↑osmotic fragility

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17
Q

Fanconi anaemia

A

Most common cause of inherited aplastic anaemia«
Mutation in DNA repair
Chromosomal fragility
Sx: aplastic anaemia + short stature + café au lait spots

18
Q

βthalassaemia X-ray

A

Hairs on end of skull X-ray

19
Q

Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobinuria

A

Viral infection –> Hb in urine
Donath-Landsteiner antibodies –> stick to RBCs in cold –> complement activated on re-warming (self-limiting as IgG so dissociate at higher temp than IgM)

20
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal haemoglobinuria

A

Loss of GPI on RBCs –> complement mediated lysis (esp at night)
Morning haemoglobinuria
Thrombosis
Ham’s test: in vitro acid induced lysis

21
Q

TTP anitbody

A

Anti-ADAMTS13 antibody –> ↑VWF –> ↓Plt

22
Q

Reverse Warfarin

A

Vitamin K
Prothrombin complex concentrate
Fresh frozen plasma
Stop warfarin

23
Q

Scoring system for DVT/PE

A

Wells score

24
Q

Unfractionated heparin - monitoring

A

Monitor APTT

25
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulphate

26
Q

S/E of Heparin

A

Bleeding

Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia

27
Q

Target INR for 1st DVT or AF

A

2.0 - 2.5

28
Q

Target INR for recurrent DVT

A

2.5 - 3.0

29
Q

Target INR for AF

A

2..0 - 3.0

30
Q

Target INR for mechanical prosthetic valve

A

2.5 - 3.5

31
Q

CLL staging

A

Rai-Binet staging

32
Q

Lymphoma staging

A

Ann-Arbor staging

33
Q

MM staging

A

Durie-Salmon staging system

34
Q

Dyskeratosis congenita

A

Telomere shortening

Triad of skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia + BM failure

35
Q

Schwachman-Diamond syndrome

A

Neutrophilia

Skeletal abnormalities

36
Q

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome

A

Pure red cell aplasia, normal WCC, normal Plt

Dysmorphic

37
Q

Acute transfusion reaction

A 
ABO
Febrile non-haemolytic (no change in BP)
Anaphylaxis
TRALI
TACO
Bacterial infection
38
Q

Delayed transfusion reaction

A

Delayed haemolytic transfusion - rhesus
Post-transfusion purpura
GVHD
Viral infection

39
Q

Cut-off between MGUS and MM

A

Monoclonal protein < 30

BM plasma cells < 10%

40
Q

Smouldering MM

A

> 30g/L M spike (paraprotein)
10% clonal plasma cells
No CRAB (i.e. no end organ damage)

41
Q

Non-secretory myeloma

A

MM without M protein in blood or urine

42
Q

Solitary plasmacytoma

A

Bone lytic lesions (B of CRAB) but no other findings of MM

RW Pathology (9 decks)

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