PPQs Flashcards
Most important factor for long term success of a crown
Coronal seal 2-3mm from apex
What is the shape of the preparation for 21 endo treatment?
Triangular where the triangle base is closer to the incisal edge and the apex of triangle is at the cingulum
Best articulator for registering occlusion?
Fully adjustable articulator
What is the length of biological width?
Space that exists between the bottom of the gingival sulcus and the underlying bone
Connective tissue + junctional epithelium (2mm)
What is the most common child physical impairment?
Cerebral palsy 1 in 600
What is the angulation of the vertical beam in a panoramic radiograph?
Vertical beam up to 8 degrees
What is an irregular pulse called?
Atrial fibrillation
What should be recorded in a maxillary definitive denture?
Complete denture bearing area
Width and depth of sulcus
Make sure tori are included
What muscle is found medial to the zygomatic arch?
Temporalis
What is used for cleaning blood spillages?
Sodium hypochlorite
Dichloroisocyanurate
What is the concentration of chlorine for a blood spillage?
10,000ppm chlorine
How long should the label be kept for waste disposal and what is this called?
3 years consignment note
What are the products of glycolysis?
Glucose -> 2ATP, 2NADH, 2 pyruvate
What sugar produces most lactate?
Sucrose
Where do LAs bind to?
Voltage gated sodium channels and block the influx of sodium
Why decrease drug dosage in the elderly?
Reduced excretory capacity of kidneys
How much fluoride is in mouthwash?
225ppmF
What are fluoride tablets UK guidelines for high risk children?
6m-3yr 0.25mg
3-6yrs 0.5mg
>6yrs 1.0mg
Name the 6 steps of how a traditional film Xray image is produced
Developing
Rinsing
Fixation
Removing
Washing
Drying
What joints are most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
MCP metacarpophalangeal
PIP proximal interphalangeal
What does kVp refer to?
Kilovoltage peak
Also known as peak potential difference or voltage
What is the scatter effect responsible for on radiographic image?
Photons scattered backwards - do not affect image
Photons scattered obliquely may still reach the image but will interact with the wrong area, causes darkening of image in the wrong place, results in fogging of image which reduces image contrast/quality
Pt presents with poor OH and erythematous. How to treat?
OHI and chlorhexidine mouthwash
What is the function of a buccal canine retractor?
To retract buccally erupted canine palatally
Pt with OB and OJ of 7mm, would you give them an anterior or posterior occlusal bite plane and what width would it be?
Flat anterior bite plane with a width of OJ +3mm
7+3=10mm
Which occlusal bite plane would you use for an anterior cross bite?
Flat posterior bite plane
Greatest danger for elders with osteoporosis
Vertebral fracture 50% and most dangerous
What study design gives most reliable results?
Randomised control trial
What is the index tool for periodontal problems and what does it stand for?
CPITN probe
Community periodontal index of treatment needs
Which material has best mechanical properties, gold or porcelain?
Gold
In crown prep of anterior teeth, how many planes should be prepped?
2
What is it called when the mandible moves to the right and the posterior teeth on the left do not contact?
Canine guidance
What is it called when the mandibular condyles are in their most posterior position and the teeth are in contact?
Retruded contact position
What should the minimum thickness of the aluminium on the Xray filtration be?
<70kV = 1.5mm
70kV or more = 2.5mm
What medication/advice to give following an OAF?
No nose blowing, using straws, smoking or using a steam inhaler
Give antibiotics
In bacteria, phosphorus is used in the form of inorganic phosphate to produce what?
ATP through cellular respiration
25 year old comes with no gingivitis and
generalised loss of attachment, what could be the diagnosis?
Aggressive generalised periodontitis
Greater risk group for heart disease and hypertension?
Older people
Which of the following patients should always be referred to a specialist
- Organ transplant and severe haemophiliac
- Warfarin patient
- Prosthetic limb patient
Organ transplant and severe haemophiliac
Patients who have haemophilia A are deficient in which clotting factor?
Factor VIII
What is the line of reference for upper oblique occlusal radiographs? What is it for the lower?
Upper - ala tragus line
Lower - corner of mouth to tragus
What does curve of monson represent?
An imaginary curve that follows the occlusal plane of teeth and represents the relationship between the upper and lower arches
What does the quality of photons depend on?
Distance (fsd) 100mm for <60kV
200mm for 60kV or more
If a radiograph is too dark what could be the problem?
Overexposure, developer left on for too long
What colour is the holder for anterior periapical?
Blue
What colour is the holder for bitewings?
Red
What colour is the holder for posterior periapicals?
Yellow
What does the sphere of monson tell us about the inclination of upper and lower teeth?
Maxillary teeth tilt buccally
Mandibular teeth tilt lingually
Where is the dot on the edge of the xray film orientated for periapicals and for bitewings?
Periapical - dot on bottom of the film holder
Bitewings - dot on top of film holder
How often should the radiology equipment be tested?
Process test film daily
How often should the radiology equipment be tested?
Process test film daily
What is the indication on a radiograph of chronic occlusal trauma?
Widened PDL
What is a luxator used for
To sever PDL
What is the most important measurement for full denture design?
OVD
4 types of cerebral palsy
Spastic
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed
What is used for acid etch?
35% phosphoric acid
Deamination of amino acids gives off what?
Ketone acid and ammonia
How to make a veneer more adhesive?
Lab with 10% HF acid
What is usually used as a reference point in endo?
Posterior teeth - cusp tip
Anterior teeth - incisal edge
What material is used in canals between visits during endo treatment?
Non setting calcium hydroxide
How will you make sure the patient will adhere to OH after using cognitive theory?
Implementation intention
Which toothpaste concentration should be used for a high risk 2 year old?
1000ppmF
What is the primary aim of an audit?
Improve healthcare - ensure standards are being met
What is the first line blood test for anaemia?
Full blood count
Patient has oesophageal infection, which nodes will show on palpation?
Deep cervical
What method is used to spot novelty in microorganisms?
PCR and 16S rRNA amplification and cloning
Alcohol based hand rub is NOT useful against what particular bacteria?
Clostridium Difficile
Alcohol based hand rub is NOT useful against what particular bacteria?
Clostridium Difficile
What is the definition of viscoelasticity?
Ability to return to original shape after deformation
What is the definition of viscoelasticity?
Ability to return to original shape after deformation
Most useful voltage with a 60kV machine?
Lower the better
Oral features of down syndrome
Early onset of periodontitis
During facial growth, what structure encases the brain and what structure grows with the face?
Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
How much of the damage to nerves with lower 8 removal is temporary and how much is permanent?
Temporary 10-20%
Permanent <1%
What is it called when a patient experiences abnormal pain sensation as a result of damage to nerves?
Dysaesthesia
Are edentulous patients increasing or decreasing among age groups?
Decreasing across all age groups
What is the purpose of an LDU?
Decontaminate reusable instruments
Venous canula infection is caused by what bacteria?
Staphylococcus epidermis
Put the following in order to correspond with the decontamination cycle - pack, clean, sterilise, inspect
Clean
Inspect
Pack
Sterilise
What determines the kVp selection on an Xray unit?
Absorbed dose determines the kVp
What is the most important piece of information to tell the radiographer?
Clinical findings and radiographic view
What is cystic fibrosis?
Thick mucus which impedes cilias movement
Oral complication of cerebral palsy
Bruxism
What do patients with leukaemia often present with?
Gingival bleeding
What drug is often used as a first line to treat osteoarthritis?
NSAIDs
What drug is often used to treat candida albicans?
Caspofungin
What is an anteroposterior skeletal class III?
Mandible 2-3mm in front of maxilla
What is an anteroposterior skeletal class III?
Mandible 2-3mm in front of maxilla
What is an anteroposterior skeletal class III?
Mandible 2-3mm in front of maxilla
How can you reduce trauma to the pulp during a restorative procedure?
Use a coolant (such as water)
Following restoration of a single tooth under LA, how would you appropriately determine the occlusal contacts?
Use thin articulating paper
Dose reduction in intraoral radiography is best achieved by which collimation and by how much is the reduction?
Rectangular collimation
Reduces dose by 50%
What is the speed film that would give the patient a reduction in exposure time and dose and by how much?
F speed film
F is 20% faster than E (E is twice as fast as D)
This would result in 20% reduction in exposure time and dose
Prescribing medication for children requires alteration from an adult prescription, what is the most important change?
Dose of the drug
Diabetes is a common disorder in the elderly. Complications of this condition lead to difficulty being independent. What is the most likely complication?
Maculopathy
45 year old male with signification oral ulceration, may have underlying anaemia, what is a possible underlying medical condition which could cause this?
Peptic ulcer disease
In a patient with excellent plaque control, application of an intermittent non-axial occlusal force to a tooth gives rise to what?
Widening of the PDL and increased mobility
The retruded axis is (centric relation)
Dynamic relationship during with the mandible opens and closes on a reproducible hinge axis
What is chroma?
Intensity of colour
You perform an extraction on a patient, 3 hours later patient comes back bleeding. What is the preferential immediate treatment?
Bite on gauze with firm and even pressure
Under conditions of high sugar supply, what is formed under anaerobic conditions?
Lactate
What are facultative anaerobes?
Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
Synthesis of extracellular polymeric substance in plaque formation is greatest when which sugar is present in the diet?
Sucrose
During root canal instrumentation of a sclerosed canal, what provides greatest benefit in making exploration easier?
EDTA 17%
Bilateral ankle swelling that worsens as the day progresses would suggest that the patient has what?
Congestive heart failure
Liver cirrhosis is best characterised by?
Disorganised liver repair
A fast irregular pulse in a patient who is suddenly acutely breathless would suggest the patient has?
Atrial fibrillation
Persistent lip swelling and recurrent oral ulceration could be a feature of what?
Crohn’s disease
What strength of daily fluoride mouthwash is recommended for a 9 year old?
225ppmF
Where are emergency airways located?
Between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
What pair of muscles retains dentures in their correct position?
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
When planning the construction of a bridge, a facebow is used, what is the function of a facebow?
Records the relationship of the maxillary arch to the mandibular condyles
In dental panoramic radiography, horizontal magnification of all anterior teeth will be caused by which patient positioning error?
The patient is too far back from the Xray source
With regard to intra oral xray film and film packet, where should the embossed dot or identification dot be?
The dot should always face towards the Xray beam
Why is a porcelain crown better than Ceromer crown, if retention preparation not good?
Better bond
Max root length safely left in an obturation?
2-3mm
What is wrong in cystic fibrosis?
Thick mucus that clogs the airways in the lungs and obstructs ducts in pancreas
What is the percentage of dry socket and osteonecrosis?
Dry socket 2-3%, 20-30% for lower 8s
Osteonecrosis - <1%
How can you affect crown forces?
Direction
When is bone regeneration best?
1 bony wall
2 walls
3 walls
Furcation
3 wall - the higher the better prognosis
What is the Christiansen phenomenon?
Refers to a phenomenon observed during the construction of occlusal rims
Patient is asked to maximally protrude mandible and a gap appears on the posterior teeth
Loss of sensation in left face and right upper limb could be caused by?
Multi-ischaemic event
Where is the lingual nerve positioned?
Between medial pterygoid and mandible
What does glycocalyx offer?
Microvilli in GIT
Adhesion for biofilm
Protection
What is a niche?
Role of an organism in an ecological environment
What is the maximum number of electrons that M can hold in its shell?
2n^2
K L M N O P
2(3)^2 = 18
What do you give for virus, bacteria and fungi?
Chlorhexidine
Is the rotation of the condyle on the working side in horizontal or vertical axis?
Vertical
What is a class I anteroposterior skeletal relationship?
Maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible
What property do elastomers have that alginate does not?
Can store because of dimensional stability. Alginate absorbs/releases moisture which causes it to change dimensions
Elastomers have higher elastic recovery while alginate exhibits more permanent deformation
What acid etch is usually used for porcelain?
10% Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Person with osteoarthritis has poor manual dexterity. Which of the bones are affected?
Metacarpals:DIP
What happens when caries is in dentine?
Beaded or tubular dentine formation
What is the difference between zinc phosphate cement and zinc polycarboxylate?
Zinc phosphate has higher modulus and compressive strength
In zinc polycarboxylate, phosphoric acid is replaced by polyacrylic acid
Patient had injury on left side of the mandible. Facial artery and submandibular are safe and intact, what test would be performed to test the area?
Test sensation of the face
65 year old has submandibular swelling, no pain, what kind of metastasis is this?
Posterior of the tongue
What happens at the anode and what type of spectrums does it produce?
Electrons from the filament of the cathode made of tungsten bombard the metal block made of tungsten of the anode to produce photons
Characteristic and continuous spectrum
Which act is to do with changing the practice layout to cater to disabled people?
Equality act 2010
Which bacteria is most likely found in periodontal disease?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
What are indications for periodontal surgery?
Excellent OH
Pockets of 5mm or greater
Which virulence factor has contribution with P. gingivalis to cause periodontal disease?
Gingipains and fimbriae
If the principles of flap design which one is appropriate?
Do not cut deep
Base is wider than apex
Do not cut the papilla and leave it intact
The flap must be small
Base is wider than the apex
Which tooth is likely to have an extra canal?
First mandibular molar
What is the colour of the rims you would use for endo radiograph?
Green
Which hepatitis must dentists be vaccinated against?
Hep A and B
If 60kVp what would the kV be?
60kV
Which family member of the child can automatically consent for treatment under general anaesthetic?
Mother of the child
Which of the following is true about investment materials
They should ideally be porous to allow gas to escape
They have a contraction of about 7%
They are heated at 1400C for 3 hours
They should ideally be porous to allow gas to escape
Which of the following is considered dental neglect
Child attended first time at 7 years old
Fails to respond to recommended treatment plan
Sibling had multiple extractions under GA
Fails to respond to recommended treatment plan
What is good diet advice for someone who enjoys the consumption of acidic drinks?
Consume acidic drinks at meal times
Which syndrome is associated with maxillary hypoplasia, class III occlusion, AOB and parrot’s beak note?
Apert’s syndrome (acrosyndactyly)
Which syndrome is characterised by unilateral mandibular hypoplasia and deafness on that side?
Hemifacial microsomia
What is the probability of finding one viable microorganism in sterilised items?
1 1,000,000
A patient attends with resistance to opening of mouth and sore right TMJ. What muscle is responsible?
Lateral pterygoid
What concentration toothpaste would you give a high risk 12 year old?
2800ppmF
How does Childsmile contribute to fluoride delivery?
Fluoride varnish in nurseries and school
What is the best way to provide evidence of a study or treatment?
Randomised control trial
Which splint-trauma is correct
4 weeks flexible splint for extrusion
2 weeks flexible splint for intrusion
2 weeks flexible splint for luxation
2 weeks flexible splint for avulsion
2 weeks flexible splint for avulsion
What should pH for washer disinfector be?
High alkaline
A prospective study where individuals were observed over period of time to measure frequency of occurrence of disease, what is this type of study known as?
Cohort study
What drug would reduce morbidity of osteoarthritis?
Analgesics
What are bisphosphonates that are administered intravenously?
Zoledronic acid
Loss of sensation of lower face and upper limb on the same side
Transient ischaemic attack
What is the individual behaviour that gives someone belief they can succeed in a task?
Self efficacy
Which of the following is the most appropriate post-op advice to stop bleeding?
Rinse with saline
Bite on damp gauze for 30 min
Use mouthwash to clean the area
Take ibuprofen and paracetamol
Call the contact number as soon as bleeding occurs
Bite on damp gauze for 30 min
Which post-op advice applies after extraction
Analgesia is always required and don’t eat until it wears off
Drink cold drinks to help with the pain
Do not smoke but you can consume alcohol in moderation
Smokie in moderation but limit alcohol to 14 units per week
Analgesia is always required and don’t eat until it wears off
What BPE score is a depth of <3.5mm with BOP and no plaque retentive factors?
Score 1
What is a flat anterior biteplane used for?
Correct OB
Which one affects radiographic technique
Curve of monsoon tilts up posteriorly, affects vertical angulation
Curve of spee tilts down posteriorly, affects vertical angulation
Curve of spee and monsoon are synonyms
Curve of spee tilts down posteriorly, affects vertical angulation
Which enzyme produces glucans?
Glucosyltransferylase
What is a very important paediatric indication for RCT?
Good patient cooperation
What is the intrinsic factor for staining?
Tetracycline
What is the maximum concentration of carbamide peroxide that is legal?
16% Carbamide peroxide - equates to 6% hydrogen peroxide
What sinus drains to the submandibular nodes?
Maxillary sinus
What is the most powerful predictor of future caries?
Caries in the primary dentition
Select the best option for incompetent lips
Can contribute to end of treatment instability following ortho treatment
Are lips that meet at rest with relaxed mentalis muscle
Are lips that do not have sufficient thickness
May procline upper incisors
May lead to relapse of OJ is persists at end of treatment
Can contribute to end of treatment instability
Pterygoid hamulus is part of which bone?
Sphenoid bone
Dental aspects of systemic sclerosis
Involvement of perioral tissues
Limited mouth opening and tongue movement
For a lower molar, how do you retain core after endo treatment?
Adhesive
Which film is the fastest?
D
E
F
Digital
Digital
Which of the following increases fear/anxiety in a paediatric patient
-Not taking patients thoughts into consideration
-Using a high speed handpiece
-Doing an invasive procedure on the child
-Any procedure involving pain/discomfort
-Listening to the patients wishes
Not taking patients thoughts into consideration
Frequency of BW radiographs for high risk adults?
6 monthly
What are FGDP guidelines for taking radiographs for low, moderate and high risk adults and children?
High risk - 6 months for adults and children
Moderate - annually
Low risk - Primary 12-18months permanent 2 years
What is the % of temporary damage to the IAN?
1-10%
Calculate LOA for probing depth 7mm and ACJ being 2mm below the gingival margin
7mm + (-2mm) = 5mm
In the reproducibility of elastomers what is the narrowest notch in the ISO standard test?
20 microns
What is a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
Genetics
What is a semi critical device?
A device which comes into contact with not intact skin or mucous membrane, but does not penetrate soft tissue or make contact with bloodstream, bone or normally sterile tissue
The device must be cleaned and subject to high-level disinfection
Steam sterilisation preferred
How many maximum cartridges of lidocaine can you give a 70kg adult?
7
For someone with learning difficulty who can make dental treatment decisions for them?
Welfare guardian
Which of the following is a suspicious indicator of child abuse or neglect?
Delayed presentation of dental trauma
Parent shows interest in the treatment of child
All dental appts kept
Loving relationship between parent and child
Delayed presentation of dental trauma
Your adult patient attends heavily under the influence of drugs or alcohol, you realise that they have a child in the waiting room. Which would not be an appropriate response?
Call the duty social worker at the local social services
Find out if another family member or friend can pick up the child and care for them until the parent is able to
Contact the local police station
Let the child leave with them as they are not your patient
Let the child leave with them
From when should a parent be using a toothbrush with their child?
From eruption of first tooth
For a 6 month old low risk of caries how should toothpaste be used?
Smear of 1000ppmF twice daily
What age is a pea size amount of toothpaste recommended?
Children 3+
Strength of duraphat varnish
22,600ppmF
Which is not illegal in Scotland under the Criminal Justice Act
Hit a child with an object
Smack a child
Hit a child anywhere on the head
Shake a child
Smack a child
Who are the main agency concerned with coordinating child protection procedures?
Social services
Which would not be suspicious indicator of child abuse
Torn upper labial frenulum
Multiple injuries in different locations
Late presentation of an injury
Clearly dirty child
Torn upper labial frenulum
When should topical fluorides (other that toothpaste) be used?
At a different time from toothbrushing
What drug information should be written on a prescription for Duraphat 2,800ppmF toothpaste?
Sodium Fluoride 0.619% toothpaste
(5000ppmF is 1.1% Sodium Fluoride
What is the lowest fluoride concentration toothpaste that should be recommended to a 2 year old?
1000ppm
3 take home messages from the Marimho 2008 review for evidence for topical fluoride
The higher the caries rate, the greater the preventative effect of topical fluorides
Additional topical fluorides (mouthwash, varnish, tablets) used as well as toothpaste further reduce the occurrence of caries
Fluoride toothpaste prevents caries
Which is unsuitable for a 10 year old?
22,600ppmF varnish
1450 ppmF toothpaste
5000ppmF toothpaste
5000ppmF toothpaste
How much fluoride would provide a probable toxic dose?
5mg/kg
One large glass (250ml) of white wine (12% strength) contains how many UK units of alcohol?
Vol x strength /1000 = units
250 x 12 / 1000 = 3
Which of the the following is not a major factor in preventative treatment plan for a child
Fluoride therapy
Fissure sealing
OHI
Water fluoridation
Water fluoridation
What should be the first component of any treatment plan?
Prevention
Diet advice and OHI
Restorative treatment
Relief of pain
Relief of pain
Which does not need considered in the mixed dentition phase?
Developing malocclusion
Development of all permanent teeth
Growth of the child
Size of maxillary sinuses
Size of maxillary sinuses
Which is not important in social history for a child?
Year at school
Age
Siblings
If they have a best friend
If they have a best friend
Which should not alter your treatment plan?
Need for GA
Need for prevention
Child has congenital heart disease
Allergy to latex
Need for prevention
Which does not need considered in a child treatment plan?
Plan made for child’s best friend
Caries risk
Medical history
Social background
Plan made for child’s best friend
What is not wanted from parents of a small child when treatment planning?
Consent
Showing the child they are nervous
Motivation towards appropriate dietary improvements
Willingness to help aid good hygiene
Showing the child they are nervous
When treatment planning which should be carried out first?
Simple rests in upper jaw requiring LA
Anterior tooth rest requiring LA
Pulpotomy in upper jaw
Simple rests in lower jaw requiring LA
Simple rests in upper jaw requiring LA
Which is highest priority in treatment plan
Restoration of primary teeth
Relief of pain
Restoration of permanent teeth
OHI
Relief of pain
What factor is more likely to improve the oral health of all pre-school children?
Use of 1450ppmF toothpaste
Water fluoridation
Use of 1000ppmF toothpaste
Fluoridation of fizzy drinks
Water fluoridation
What proportion of injuries in abuse are found on the head and neck areas?
60%
What proportion of serious head injuries in the first year of life are NOT accidental?
95%
What 3 stages in managining dental neglect are suggested by “Child Protection and the Dental Team” website?
a. Preventive dental team management, referral to local dental hospital, preventive multi-agency management
b. Examination, diagnosis, review
c. Referral to local dental hospital, speak to child protection advisor, child protection referral
d. Preventive dental team management, preventive multi-agency management, child protection referral
d. Preventative dental team management, preventative multi-agency management, child protection referral
Which of the following should be used to correct a buccally positioned canine on an orthodontic laboratory prescription?
A. Palatal finger spring HSSW 0.5 mm
B. Buccal canine retractor HSSW 0.5 mm in 0.5 mm tubing
C. Buccal canine retractor HSSW 0.5 mm in 0.7 mm tubing
D. Buccal canine retractor HSSW 0.7 mm in 0.7 mm tubing
E. Labial bow HSSW 0.7 mm tubing
B. Buccal canine retractor HSSW 0.5 mm in 0.5 mm tubing
When positioning a patient for an upper anterior oblique occlusal radiograph, which external line or plane is used to assess the occlusal plane?
A. Frankfort Plane
B. Ala-tragus line
C. Corner of mouth-tragus line
D. Interpupillary line
E. Corner of mouth-angle of mandible
Ala tragus line
Dose reduction in intra-oral radiography is best achieved by which combination?
A. Circular collimation, E speed film
B. Circular collimation, F speed film
C. Rectangular collimation, D speed film
D. Rectangular collimation, E speed film
E. Rectangular collimation, F speed film
Rectangular
F speed
Diabetes is a common disorder in the elderly. Complications of this condition may lead to difficulty in independent living. The complication most likely to produce this issue is:
A. Glove and stocking sensory loss
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Renal failure
D. Poor wound healing
E. Maculopathy
Maculopathy
Patients with significant oral ulceration may have an underlying anaemia. The medical problem most likely to produce this problem in a 45 year old male is:
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Asthma
C. Renal transplantation
D. Coeliac disease
E. Colon cancer
Peptic ulcer disease
The retruded axis (centric relation):
A. Is dependent upon the relationship of the teeth
B. Occurs with the mandible in its most protruded position
C. Is a dynamic relationship during which the mandible opens and closes on a reproducible hinge axis
D. Is a non-border movement
E. Is a position that can always be achieved unaided by the patient
C. Is a dynamic relationship during which the mandible opens and closes on a reproducible hinge axis
With relation to shade prescription for an indirect tooth-coloured restoration the term “Chroma” refers to which element of the restoration’s colour?
A. Lightness
B. The intensity of the colour
C. The actual colour
D. Tone
Intensity of colour
You performed an extraction 3 hours earlier on a fit and healthy patient. The patient has returned to the surgery, complaining of bleeding from the extraction site. What is your preferred immediate management?
A. Lie the patient flat
B. Pack the socket with Alvogyl
C. Loosen the patient’s tight clothing
D. Get the patient to bite on a gauze pack
E. Take the patient’s blood pressure
Get the patient to bite on a gauze pack
Under conditions of high sugar supply, which of the following are preferably formed under anaerobic conditions?
A. Acetate
B. Ethanol
C. Lactate
D. Acetaldehyde
E. Butyrate
Lactate
Facultative anaerobes:
A. Grow in the presence of oxygen only
B. Grow in the presence of carbon dioxide only
C. Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
D. Grow in the presence or absence of carbon dioxide
E. Grow under any atmospheric conditions
Grow in presence or absence of oxygen
Following restoration of a single tooth under local anaesthesia, what is the most appropriate to determine suitable occlusal contacts?
Use thin articulating paper
The zygomatic process of the maxilla is partly seen as a vertical radiopaque line on a panoramic radiograph. With which bony margin of the maxillary sinus can it be confused?
Posterior
Synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide in plaque formation is greatest when which one of the following sugars is present within the diet?
A. Glucose
B. Mannose
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
E. Xylitol
Sucrose
Which of the following describes the endodontic file movement when performing “Balanced Force” instrumentation as described by Roane?
A. A 60o turn clockwise followed by a 60o turn anticlockwise, repeated
B. A 90o turn clockwise followed by a 180o turn anticlockwise, repeated
C. A 120o turn clockwise followed by a 180o turn anticlockwise, repeated
D. A 60o turn clockwise followed by a 120o turn anticlockwise, repeated
E. A 90o turn clockwise followed by a 90o turn anticlockwise, repeated
B a 90degree turn clockwise followed by a 180degree turn anticlockwise, repeated
In root canal treatment, what is the recommended shape for the access cavity for maxillary and mandibular premolars?
A. Triangular
B. Ovoid
C. Round
D. Oblong
E. Trapezoid
Oblong
Bilateral ankle swelling that worsens as the day progresses would suggest that the patient has:
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Deep vein thrombosis
C. Left heart failure
D. Congestive heart failure
E. Hyperproteinaemia
Congestive heart failure
Liver cirrhosis is best characterised by:
A. Hepatitis C infection
B. Liver cell destruction
C. Disorganised liver repair
D. Enhanced drug metabolism
E. Enhanced gall stone formation
Disorganised liver repair
A fast irregular pulse in a patient who is suddenly acutely breathless would suggest:
A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Deep vein thrombosis
C. Left heart failure
D. Congestive heart failure
E. Hyperproteinaemia
Atrial fibrillation
Persistent lip swelling and recurrent oral ulceration could be a feature of:
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Ulcerative colitis
C. Coeliac disease
D. Crohn’s disease
E. Diverticulitis
Crohn’s disease
What strength of once daily Fluoride mouthwash would you recommend for a nine-year-old child?
A. 100 ppm
B. 225 ppm
C. 250 ppm
D. 500 ppm
E. 650 ppm
225ppm
What would be the most appropriate post-surgical advice to give to a patient who has just had a tooth extraction?
A. Start rinsing as soon as possible with warm salty water
B. Smoking has no significant effect on the healing
C. Avoid eating until the effect of the anaesthetic has worn off
D. Pain killers will not be required
E. Heavy manual work can be performed on the day
Avoid eating until the anaesthetic has worn off
Which of the following pairs of muscles is particularly important in retaining dentures in their correct position?
A. Buccinator and masseter
B. Buccinator and mylohyoid
C. Buccinator and orbicularis oris
D. Digastric and genioglossus
E. Hyoglossus and mylohyoid
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
When planning the construction of a bridge, the purpose of a face-bow is?
A. To record the relationship of the upper arch to the lower arch
B. To record the relationship of the upper arch to the mandibular condyles
C. To record the relationship of the lower arch to the mandibular condyles
D. To enable lateral and protrusive movements to be visualised
E. To ensure that the cusp inclines on the restoration are correct
Relationship of the upper arch to the mandibular condyles
Which if the following materials has the best mechanical properties for the restoration of occlusal surfaces?
A. Amalgam
B. Composite
C. Glass Ionomer
D. Porcelain
E. Gold
Gold
In dental panoramic radiography horizontal magnification of all the anterior teeth will be caused by which patient positioning error:
A. The patient is too far forward in the machine (closer to the cassette)
B. The patient’s chin is tilted up
C. The patient’s chin is tilted down
D. The patient is rotated
E. The patient is too far back in the machine (closer to the X-ray source)
The patient is too far back in the machine
With regard to the intra-oral X-ray film and film packet which of the following statements is true?:
A. The white side of the film packet always faces away from the x-ray tube-head
B. The film has an embossed dot on it which faces towards the X-ray source
C. Lead foil is present in the film packet to prevent x-rays exposing the film
D. The film has emulsion on one side only
E. The film packet contains black paper to protect the film from scattered x-rays
the film has an embossed dot which faces towards the Xray source
Select the correct statement about facial development
-Neurocranium covers the vault and viscerum the face
-Vault is produced by endochondral ossification
-Meckels and nasal cartilage are secondary cartilages
-Mandible and maxilla produced by endochondral ossification
-Ossification of skull begins at week 8-9
Neurocranium covers the vault and viscerum the face
How many number of buccal planes for an upper central crown
1
2
3
4
1 buccal plane
Upper lateral incisor where does it drain
-Palatal
-Infraorbital
-Buccal
Palatal
A cut to the deep part of the body of mandible has occurred. Which of the following tests would you carry out
-Whistle
-Protrude tongue
-Sensation of the face
Senation of the face
Damage to Inferior alveolar nerve on extraction of lower 3rd molar is
<1%
1-10%
10-20%
20-30%
1-10%
Vertical relationship of the teeth to the condyle and the movement of the condyle forward
Sagittal condylar guidance angle
What is porcelains brittle strength
-0.1
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
0.1
Which syndrome is characterised by shallow orbits, Class III malocclusion and vertical shortening of midface
Crouzon’s
For extraoral radiographs, such as panoramic radiographs, the beam aiming device should be positioned
-Less than 1cm from skin
-1-2cm from skin
-More than 2cm from skin
1-2cm
How much of a retained root can be left safely in the socket of a patient
1mm
2mm
3mm
5mm
7mm
3mm
What fluoride tablet concentration would you give a 1 year old with high caries risk
0.25mg/day
What is a denture bearing area in the mandible
Buccal shelf
Genial tubercle
Mandibular torus
Mylohyoid ridge
Retromolar pads
Buccal shelf
(and residual alveolar ridge are the only 2 denture bearing areas)
Rate of edentulous people are
-increasing in all age groups
-decreasing in all age groups
-staying the same in all age groups
-are expected to rise in the elderly
-are expected to rise in the younger population
Decreasing in all age groups
Pattern of caries risk in children is
-decreasing in all areas
-decreasing in some areas
-increasing in areas with poverty and lack of education
-decreasing in deprived areas
-increasing in areas where dental care is hard to access
Decreasing in all areas
What is the best way to identify a patient arriving at radiology
-Get them to tell you their details
-Check their identification
-Ask them to confirm details that you read out loud
Get them to tell you their details
What is the most appropriate study type to find the incidence in implant failure in smokers
-Case control
-Cohort
-Cross sectional
-RCT
-Systemic review RCT
Cohort
What is the most appropriate study type to find the prevalence of disease in a population
-Case control
-Cohort
-Cross sectional
-RCT
-Systemic review RCT
Cross sectional
What is the best way to provide evidence of the treatment of a disease
-Case control
-Cohort
-Cross sectional
-RCT
-Systemic review RCT
RCT
Why do randomized controlled trials randomly assign patients to the different interventions rather than letting the patients choose which intervention they prefer also known as blinding?
To avoid bias
While extracting a upper 8 the maxillary tuberosity fractures. What is the best course of action
-Surgically extract the 8 then splint for 8 weeks
-Splint for 4 weeks then surgically extract the 8
-Splint for 8 weeks then surgically extract the 8
-Surgically extract the 8 then splint for 4 weeks
-Remove the fractured tuberosity fragment and the 8
Splint for 8 weeks then surgically extract the 8
Probing depth for BPE 3
3.5-5.5mm
What pocket depth in teens can indicate early periodontitis
-1mm
-2mm
-0.5mm
-3mm
1mm
How do you determine the anteroposterior skeletal relationship in a patient
Visual assessment
Palpate skeletal bases
What type of etch is used for paediatric fissure sealant placement?
38% phosphoric acid
What type of etch is used for paediatric fissure sealant placement?
38% phosphoric acid
Which sugar produces glucans?
Sucrose
What should be the minimum thickness of aluminium on Xray filtration for 70kV?
2.5mm
When would you use micro abrasion as a form of tooth whitening
-tetracycline brown stain
-tetracycline grey stain
-Poryphyria
-To remove demineralisation once fixed orthodontic appliance removed
To remove demineralisation once fixed ortho appliance removed
Trauma has occurred to primary central incisor, which of the following is NOT appropriate
-Replant and splint
-Soft diet advice
-Review monthly until permanent successor erupts
-Do not brush area until soft tissue heals
Replant and splint
What does R in ARAB (ortho) stand for?
Retention
Difference between alginate and elastomers
Contact angle is higher in alginate
Which type of LA should be avoided for pregnant patients?
Citanest + felypressin
(octapressin)
Where is the extra canal in upper first molar?
Mesiobuccal root
What is the general virulence factor for all periodontal disease?
Endotoxin
Lying patient back in the chair makes them lightheaded, what is the cause?
Decreased baroreceptor
The term ‘Boxing-in’ refers to:
a. a method of preserving the outline and functional integrity of primary and definitive casts
b. a method of preserving the outline of definitive casts
c. a method of preserving the outline of primary casts
d. a method of preserving the functional width and depth of the vestibular sulcus using rubber moulds
e. a method of preserving the functional width and depth of the vestibular sulcus
A method of preserving the functional width and depth of the vestibular sulcus using rubber moulds
Where should the post dam be cut for a maxillary denture
a. Approximately 2mm distal to the palatine fovea on the definitive cast
b. Approximately 2mm in anterior to the palatine fovea on the definitive cast
c. On the soft palate distal to the hard palate to provide compression of the soft tissue
d. On the compressible tissue at the distal of the hard palate indicated by the vibrating line
e. At the junction of the hard and soft palate indicated by the vibrating line on the definitive cast
At the junction of the hard and soft palate indicated by the vibrating line on the definitive cast
The purpose of the split-cast technique used when mounting casts on an articulator is to check the occlusal vertical dimension following processing of the denture.
a. False, as this technique is only used when a facebow has not been used to mount casts
b. True, when casts have locations and the occlusal vertical dimension is recorded
c. . False, since the incisal post indicates the occlusal vertical dimension
d. True when the incisal post is located on the incisal table.
e. True, when casts have appropriate locations grooves cut in the base.
True, when casts have locations and the occlusal vertical dimension is recorded
When prescribing special trays for complete dentures which statement is the most appropriate?
a. Edentulous trays with perforations for complete dentures enable a more through decontamination process.
b. Edentulous trays without perforations for complete dentures enable a more secure retention for the impression material.
c. Edentulous trays with perforations for complete dentures enable a more secure retention for the impression material.
d. Edentulous trays without perforations are stronger that perforated trays.
e. Edentulous trays without perforations for complete dentures assist in estimating a peripheral seal.
Edentulous trays without perforations for complete dentures enable a more secure retention for the impression material
If the occlusal vertical dimension is reduced by 2mm, what effect might this have for the complete dentures?
a. It will reduce the free-way space
b. No effect if the teeth used are set in balanced occlusion
c. It will increase the free-way space
d. The resting face height will be increased
e. The resting face height will be decreased
It will increase free way space
When considering the design of special trays which of the following statements is most applicable?
a. The depth of a special tray should be to the depth of the primary cast vestibular sulcus when an alginate impression or composition primary impression was used.
b. The width of special trays depends on the type of material used.
c. The width of a special tray is determined by the using greenstick impression compound when making a definitive impression.
d. The width of a special tray should be approximately 3mm from vestibular sulcus depth when making a definitive impression.
e. The depth of the tray should be approximately 3mm from the crest of the alveolar ridge.
The width of a special tray should be approximately 3mm from vestibular sulcus depth when making a definitive impression
In a monoplane occlusal scheme the posterior teeth are set?
a. with a compensating curve in harmony with the condylar guidance angle
b. to eliminate the effect of Christensen’s phenomena
c. in a cusp to fossa relationship.
d. with a compensating curve in harmony with the cusp angle
e. in a cusp to marginal ridge relationship
In a cusp to fossa relationship
The purpose of the stub tray handle is:
a. To enable the correct positioning of the tray on the alveolar ridges.
b. To enable manipulation of the soft tissues in the anterior region.
c. To enable the insertion and removal of the tray.
d. To enable the correct location of the incisive papilla in relation to the alveolar ridge.
e. To enable the handle to rest on the opposing alveolar ridge while the impression material sets
To enable insertion and removal of the tray
When setting artificial teeth which cusp on the maxillary first molar occludes with the central fossa of the mandibular first molar in a class I relationship?
a. mesial - buccal
b. mesial - palatal
c. distal - buccal
d. The second premolar occludes with the mandibular first molar
e. distal - palatal
Mesial palatal
What is the ‘Neutral Zone’?
a. The space between the OVD and resting face height
b. The space between the canine teeth and lips when smiling
c. The space between the anterior teeth in balanced occlusion
d. The space between the vestibular sulcus of the maxilla and mandible
e. The space between the muscles of the lips, cheeks and tongue
The space between the muscles of the lips cheeks and tongue
When mounting casts using an arbitrary mounting technique, how should the casts be positioned on the articulator?
a. The occlusal plane is parallel to Camper’s plane.
b. The occlusal plane is set to an equilateral triangle with the condylar spheres
c. The occlusal plane is parallel to the Frankfurt plane.
d. The occlusal plane is set at 10 degrees to the condylar guidance angle.
e. The occlusal plane is set to a horizontal position
The occlusal plane is set to a horizontal position
What nerves are anaesthetised when an upper canine tooth is extracted?
A. Inferior alveolar and long buccal nerve
B. Nasopalatine & greater palatine nerves, anterior & middle superior alveolar nerves, infraorbital nerve
C. Long buccal nerve and mental nerve
D. Nasopalatine nerve and infraorbital nerve
E. Lingual nerve and nerve to mylohyoid
Nasopalatine and greater palatine, anterior and middle superior alveolare nerves, infraorbital nerve
In a patient with excellent plaque control, application of an intermittent non-axial occlusal force to a tooth may give rise to:
A. Gingivitis but no loss of attachment
B. Loss of attachment but no gingival inflammation
C. Both gingivitis and loss of attachment
D. Widening of the periodontal ligament and increased mobility
E. Narrowing of the periodontal ligament and decreased mobility
Widening of the PDL and increaed mobility
Which of the following is not an oral biofilm infection?
A. Endodontic infection
B. Oesophageal candidosis
C. Thrush
D. Periodontal infection
E. Oral malodour
Oesophageal candidosis
A patient in anaphylaxis has developed sudden obstruction of the upper larynx. At which of the following sites is an emergency airway needle best inserted?
A. At the level of the second, third and fourth tracheal rings
B. Between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring
C. Between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage
D. Between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
E. Superior to the hyoid bone
Between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages
A facebow registration
-Transfers the relationship between the maxillary teeth and the axis of the mandibular rotation
-Transfers the relationship between the mandibular teeth and the axis of mandibular rotation
-Is used to mount the lower cast
-Registers the relationship between the upper and lower teeth
-Registers the position of the mandible in protrusion
Transfers the relationship between the maxillary teeth and the axis of mandibular rotation
Which of the following is one function of a facebow
-Mounting of lower cast
-registration of the interocclusal relationship
-setting the condylar guidance angles
-setting the inter-condylar distance
-transferring the angle of the occlusal plane relative to a horizontal reference plane
Transferring the angle of the occlusal plane relative to a horizontal reference plane
Through careful design of occlusal surfaces the property of occlusal forces the dentist is most able to influence is
-direction
-duration
-frequency
-velocity
-magnitude
Direction
The principle radiographic sign of occlusal trauma is
-horizontal bone loss
-vertical bone loss
-root fracture
-generalised widening of the PDL space
-condensing osteitis
Generalised widening of the PDL
When viewed from the lateral aspect, the downward movement of the condyle during protrusion forms an angle to the horizontal plane known as
-the horizontal condylar guidance angle
-the bennet angle
-the saggital condylar guidance angle
-side shift
-the frankfort angle
Saggital condylar guidance angle
In relation to complete dentures, one of the principal objectives of the jaw registration is
-to determine the intermaxillary relationship in the retruded contact position
-to determine the intermaxillary relationship in the resting face height
-to transfer the mandibular plane
-to determine the intermaxillary relationship in the intercuspal position
-to record freeway space
To determine the intermaxillary relationship in the retruded contact position
In the intercuspal position, ideally:
-the incisors should meet edge to edge
-the tips of the buccal cusps of the upper posterior teeth should occlude with the occlusal surfaces of the lower posterior teeth
-the tips of the palatal cusps of the upper posterior teeth should occlude with the occlusal surfaces of the lower posterior teeth
-the tips of the lingual cusps of the lower posterior teeth should occlude with the marginal ridges of the opposing teeth
-the tips of the lingual cusps of the lower posterior teeth should occlude with the fossae of the opposing teeth
the tips of the palatal cusps of the upper posterior teeth should occlude with the occlusal surfaces of the lower posterior teeth
Why is it possible that ‘neglect of neglect’ might occur?
a. Because neglect is rare
b. Because neglect is less incident focused
c. Because children don’t die from neglect
d. Because neglect does not damage children
Because neglect is less incident focussed
How many children in Scotland are killed by a parent/ parent substitute?
a. 80 per month
b. 10 per year
c. 1 - 2 per week
d. 52 per year
10 per year
Which of the following are the biggest three parenting capacity concerns that are contributing factors in child abuse/neglect cases?
a. Poverty, mental health problems, unemployment
b. Domestic violence, drug/ alcohol misuse, poverty
c. Step parents, drug/ alcohol misuse, mental health problems
d. Domestic violence, drug/ alcohol misuse, mental health problems
Domestic violence, drug/alcohol misuse, mental health problems
Which of the following is the accepted definition of child protection?
a. Activity undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering or are at risk of suffering significant harm
b. Ensuring children grow up in a safe and caring environment.
c. Measures taken to minimise the risk of harm to children
d. Preventing the impairment of children’s health
Activity undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering or are at risk of suffering significant harm
Which of the following do dental professionals who are registered with the general dental Council NOT have a responsibility of doing?
a. Raise concerns about the possible abuse or neglect of children
b. Know how to refer concerns about abuse or neglect.
c. Know who to contact for further advice about abuse or neglect of children.
d. Diagnose abuse or neglect in children
Diagnose abuse or neglect in children
Standard prevention for All children includes the following:
1. Sodium fluoride varnish (3%) twice a year to ALL children over 2 years of age
2. Sodium fluoride varnish (5%) twice a year to ALL children over 4 years of age
3. Sodium fluoride varnish (5%) twice a year to ALL children over 3 years of age
4. Sodium fluoride varnish (5%) twice a year to ALL children over 2 years of age
Sodium fluoride varnish (5%) twice a year to all children over 2 years of age
Enhanced prevention includes fissure sealant of the following tooth and surface if assessed as likely to be beneficial:
a. Cs cusp tip
b. 2’s palatal pits
c. Third permanent molar
d. As & Bs palatal pit
2s palatal pits
Enhanced prevention for children at increased risk of caries should include the following dietary actions:
1. Patients only may require more-in-depth support to change dietary habits, such as motivational interviewing
2. Carer only may require more-in-depth support to change dietary habits, such as motivational interviewing
3. Utilise community/home support for dietary change that is available locally
4. Patients and parent/carer only may require more-in-depth support to change dietary habits, such as motivational interviewing
Patients and parent/carer only may require more in depth support to change dietary habits such as motivational interviewing
Standard prevention for all children should include the following at least once per year:
1. Restricting sugar containing food and drinks x4 per day and drink only flavoured water or milk between meals
2. Restricting sugar containing food and drinks x3 per day and drink only water or milk between meals
3. Snack on sugar free foods such as digestive biscuits and be aware of hidden sugars in foods
4. Snack on sugar free foods such as oatcakes and be aware if acid content of drinks
Snack on sugar free foods such as oatcakes and be aware of acid content in drinks
Enhanced prevention for children at increased risk of caries should include the following at each recall visit:
1. Standard prevention and hands on toothbrushing to child only at each recall visit
2. Standard prevention and 1350-1500 ppmF advice for children up to 9 years old
3. Standard prevention and 2800 ppmF advice for children aged 9-16 years old
4. Standard prevention and hands on toothbrushing to child and parent/carer at each recall visit
Standard prevention and hands on toothbrushing to child and parent/carer at each recall visit
When can a child carry out unsupervised toothbrushing?
6 years old
Standard prevention for all children includes the following at least once a year:
1. Toothbrushing demonstration on the child and age appropriate toothpaste advice
2. Spit, don’t rinse and information on supervision of their brushing habits until age nine years old
3. Brush thoroughly twice daily, including first thing in the morning and appropriate amount of toothpaste
4. Information on supervision of their brushing habits until age nine years old and spit, don’t rinse
Toothbrushing demo on the child and age appropriate toothpaste advice
Motivational Interviewing is used to translate knowledge into behaviour change, this process involves:
1. Seek permission, Open Questions, Affirmations, Reflective learning, Summarising
2. Self permission, Open Questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summarising
3. Seek permission, Open Questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summarising
4. Self permission, Open Questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, Summarising
Seek permission, open questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summarising
When assessing toothbrushing and recording visible plaque levels at each examination, a score of eight out of ten indicates:
Select one:
1. Perfectly clean tooth
2. Plaque line around the cervical margin
3. Cervical third of the crown covered
4. Middle third covered
Plaque line around the cervical margin
At what age can mouthwash be used?
From 6
The broad contact points of the primary dentition make diagnosis of proximal caries difficult using clinical examination alone.At what age should bitewing radiographs start to be taken as an adjunct to visual diagnosis?
Select one:
1. Age three and above
2. Age four and above
3. Age five and above
4. Age six and above
Age 4 and above
An assessment of lesion activity is essential for providing the appropriate level of caries prevention this includes:
Select one:
1. On one occasion using clinical assessment
2. On one occasion using radiographic assessment
3. Progression over time using clinical photographs
4. Using lesion colour as an indicator
Progression over time using clinical photographs
During mastication, whilst chewing on the left molar teeth:
-The left side is the non working side
-There is bilateral downwards and forwards movement of the condylar heads
-The right condylar head rotates about a vertical axis but does not move forwards onto the articular tubercle
-The right condylar head moves downwards, forwards and medially
-It is preferable for the mandible to be guided back into the intercuspal position by contact of as many teeth as possible
The right condylar head moves downwards, forwards and medially
Which articulator is suitable for use when constructing complete dentures?
-simple hinge
-fixed condylar
-semi-adjustable
-fully adjustable
-all of the above
All of the above
What is Christensen’s phenomenon?
-A gap that appears between posterior ends of opposing flat occlusal rims when mandible is protruded
-A gap that appears in the natural dentition between posterior teeth when the mandible is protruded
-A gap that appears between anterior ends of opposing flat occlusal rims when the mandible is protruded
-A gap that appears in the natural dentition between anterior teeth when the mandible is protruded
-A gap that appears in between posterior teeth in the retruded contact position
A gap that appears between posterior ends of opposing flat occlusal rims when mandible is protruded
Which of the following is the most unlikely to be a consequence of adverse occlusal forces?
-Fractured cusp
-Attrition
-Dislodged restorations
-Chronic periodontitis
-Increase tooth mobility
Chronic periodontitis
During closure along the retruded axis, the point at which the teeth contact is called
-the intercuspal position
-the retruded contact position
-centric relation
-the rest position
-the habitual position
The retruded contact position
During lateral excursion the predominant movement of the working condyle is
-Forward translation
-Medial translation
-Rotation about a vertical axis
-Rotation about a horizontal axis
-Vertical movement away from the fossa
Rotation about a vertical axis
The retruded axis is a mandibular position dependent on the presence of teeth
-True
-False
False
The retruded axis is a border movement
-True
-False
T
When the condylar heads are in their most superior position within the mandibular fossa the mandible is in protrusion
-True
-False
F
At the end of the chewing cycle the mandible aims for the intercuspal position
-True
-False
T
Forces on teeth are greater during parafunction than function
-True
-False
T
In canine guidance there should be some contact between teeth on the non working side
-True
-False
F
Anchorage may be reinforced by:
-Using thinner archwires on fixed appliances
-Using a transpalatal arch with a fixed appliance
-Using thicker wire to construct springs on a removable appliance
-Increasing the number of teeth which require tipping movements
-Decreasing the number of teeth in the anchor unit
Using a transpalatal arch with a fixed appliance
Fixed appliances are efficient at
-Correcting vertical skeletal discrepancies
-Correcting anterior crossbites
-Correct multiple tooth malpositions
-Treating malocclusions in the early mixed dentition
-Treating moderate to severe sagittal skeletal discrepancies
Correcting multiple tooth malpositions
Functional appliances are mainly used to
-Treat long face syndromes
-Correct the sagittal discrepancy in class II division 1 cases
-Correct multiple tooth malpositions
-Treat adults with no growth potential
-Correct the sagittal discrepancy in class I cases
Correct the sagittal discrepancy in class II div 1 cases
Removeable appliances are effective at
-Torquing roots
-Extruding teeth
-Correcting rotations
-Moving teeth bodily
-Tipping teeth
Tipping teeth
Removable appliances are useful for:
-Retraction of canines using bodily movement
-Correction of underbites
-Correction of rotations
-Maintaining space
-Increasing overbites
Maintaining space
Which of the following may be used to assess the antero-posterior skeletal pattern clinically
-molar relationship
-mandibular unit length
-incisor relationship (BSI)
-maxillo-mandibular planes angle (MMPA)
-Palpation of the skeletal bases
Palpation of the skeletal bases
Which of the following would represent moderate crowding
-4mm-8mm
-2mm-6mm
-8mm-10mm
-3mm-5mm
-0mm-4mm
4-8mm
What is the definition of a class II division 1 incisor relationship
-The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, there is an increased overjet and the incisors are usually proclined
-The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, there is a decreased overjet and the incisors are usually retroclined
-The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, there is a decreased overjet and the incisors are usually proclined
-The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, there is a increased overjet and the incisors are usually retroclined
Lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors, there is an increased overjet and the incisors are usually proclined
Which of the following can be used to assess the vertical skeletal pattern clinically
-Frankfort-maxillary planes angle (FMxPA)
-Total anterior face height/upper anterior face height x 100
-Lower anterior face height/upper anterior face height x 100
-The Frankfort Mandibular Planes Angle (FMPA)
-Lower anterior face height + upper anterior face height x 100
Frankfort mandibular planes angle FMPA
The histological response for ‘light forces’ generated during orthodontic treatment include which of the following
-Apposition of osteoid on pressure side (osteoblasts)
-Resorption of the lamina dura from tension side (osteoclasts)
-Frontal resorption
-Undermining resorption
-Occlusion of nerves of periodontal ligament on pressure side
Frontal resorption
How much force is required to tip a tooth
90-120 grams (mN)
65-90 grams (mN)
120-135 grams (mN)
35-60 grams (mN)
10-35 grams (mN)
35-60grams (mN)
Which conditions are thought to produce optimal orthodontic tooth movement
-Heavy continuous forces
-Light intermittent forces
-Light continuous forces
-Heavy alternating with light forces, duration doesn’t matter
-Heavy intermittent forces
Light continuous forces
Which of the following are the deleterious effects of orthodontic treatment?
-Immediate pain
-Ankylosis
-Increased deposition of secondary dentine
-Root resorption
-Loss of sensitivity
Root resorption
What is the average optimal rate of tooth movement
-1.5mm a month
-1.7mm a month
-2.0mm a month
-0.5mm a month
-1.0mm a month
1.0mm a month
The meaning of the term ‘anchorage’ is
-resistance to removal of the appliance
-resistance to the force exerted by the retentive component
-resistance to unwanted mesial drift
-resistance to unwanted tooth movement
-resistance to over-eruption of the teeth in contact with an upper removable appliance
Resistance to unwanted tooth movement
Anterior bite planes are used for
-Reducing overjet
-Reducing overbite
-Protecting brackets of fixed appliance on upper incisors from the occlusal force of lower incisors
-Can be used in adults
-Facilitating correction of an anterior crossbite
Reducing overbite
An Adams clasp is formed of:
-0.6mm Hard SS wire
-0.5mm Hard SS wire
-0.7mm Hard SS wire
-0.8mm Hard SS wire
-0.9mm Hard SS wire
0.7 HSSW
The standard temperature banding for steam sterilisation is
a. 115 - 118
b. 121- 124
c. 137 - 139
d. 134 - 137
e. 122 - 126
134-137
If chemical residue was being removed from the instrumentation, what stage would the washer-disinfector be at
a. Rinse
b. Detergent wash
c. Prewash
d. Disinfection
e. Disinfection rinse
f. Flush
g. Wash
h. Drying
Rinse
Put these in order
Wash
Disinfection
Rinse
Drying
Flush
Flush (lowest temp)
Wash (2nd lowest temp)
Rinse (lowest temp, most time)
Disinfection (highest temp)
Drying (high temp, least time)
A Bowie-Dick is carried out a daily basis, What is it testing for
a. Steam penetration
b. Air removal
c. Temperature
d. Steam dryness
e. Presence of air
Steam penetration
What colour does the transport box for contaminated instruments have to be
a. Red
b. Green
c. Blue
d. Doesn’t matter as long as it is easily distinguishable
e. Yellow
Doesn’t matter as long as it is easily distinguishable
Any kind of instrumentation can be processed in a Type - N steriliser
True
False
F
The first stage of a vacuum capable or Type - B steriliser is
a. Steam penetration
b. Heat up
c. Negative pulsing
d. Air removal
e. Positive pulsing
f. Equilibration
Air removal
What chemical would I use within an Ultrasonic Bath
a. Low alkaline
b. Enzymatic
c. pH neutral
d. Detergent
e. High alkaline
Enzymatic
What one of the following can I process wrapped instrumentation through
a. Type - S
b. Type - N
c. Type - D
d. Type - A
e. Type - B
Type B
What is the recommended PPE for manually washing instruments
Select one:
a. gown, visor mask, gloves
b. apron, gown, heavy duty gloves, mask
c. apron, heavy duty gloves, visor
d. mask, gown, heavy duty gloves
e. apron, gloves, visor, mask
Apron, heavy duty gloves, visor
The standard disinfection temperature banding within our washer-disinfector is
a. 85 - 90
b. 90 - 95
c. 80 - 85
d. 65 - 75
e. 75 - 85
90-95
Which method of fluoride delivery does the patient not administer?
A. Fluoride toothpaste
B. Fluoride supplements
C. Fluoride varnish
D. Fluoride mouthrinse
FV
When reading clinical guidelines what does the strength of a strong key recommendation convey?
Select one:
1. Based on available information, weighing up balance of benefit versus risk, almost all individuals would choose this option.
2. Based on available information, weighing up balance of benefit versus risk, the majority of individuals would choose this option.
3. Based on available information, weighing up a finer balance of benefit versus risk, not all individuals would choose this option.
4. Based on available information, weighing up a finer balance of benefit versus risk, some individuals would choose this option
. Based on available information, weighing up balance of benefit versus risk, almost all individuals would choose this option.
Which of the following is an aim when providing dental care for children:
Select one:
1. To keep the permanent dentition mainly free from disease
2. To reduce the risk of the child experiencing pain, infection or treatment induced anxiety
3. For the child to grow up feeling positive about their oral health but for medical health to be a priority
4. To safeguard dental neglect only and not to consider wellbeing
To reduce the risk of the child experiencing pain, infection or treatment induced anxiety
A comprehensive assessment of the child does not include the following element for an effective plan to improve oral health:
Select one:
a. Carer Motivation and Responsibility only
b. Patient history
c. Clinical examination
d. Caries Risk Assessment
Carer motivation and responsibility only
