PPQs Flashcards
Most important factor for long term success of a crown
Coronal seal 2-3mm from apex
What is the shape of the preparation for 21 endo treatment?
Triangular where the triangle base is closer to the incisal edge and the apex of triangle is at the cingulum
Best articulator for registering occlusion?
Fully adjustable articulator
What is the length of biological width?
Space that exists between the bottom of the gingival sulcus and the underlying bone
Connective tissue + junctional epithelium (2mm)
What is the most common child physical impairment?
Cerebral palsy 1 in 600
What is the angulation of the vertical beam in a panoramic radiograph?
Vertical beam up to 8 degrees
What is an irregular pulse called?
Atrial fibrillation
What should be recorded in a maxillary definitive denture?
Complete denture bearing area
Width and depth of sulcus
Make sure tori are included
What muscle is found medial to the zygomatic arch?
Temporalis
What is used for cleaning blood spillages?
Sodium hypochlorite
Dichloroisocyanurate
What is the concentration of chlorine for a blood spillage?
10,000ppm chlorine
How long should the label be kept for waste disposal and what is this called?
3 years consignment note
What are the products of glycolysis?
Glucose -> 2ATP, 2NADH, 2 pyruvate
What sugar produces most lactate?
Sucrose
Where do LAs bind to?
Voltage gated sodium channels and block the influx of sodium
Why decrease drug dosage in the elderly?
Reduced excretory capacity of kidneys
How much fluoride is in mouthwash?
225ppmF
What are fluoride tablets UK guidelines for high risk children?
6m-3yr 0.25mg
3-6yrs 0.5mg
>6yrs 1.0mg
Name the 6 steps of how a traditional film Xray image is produced
Developing
Rinsing
Fixation
Removing
Washing
Drying
What joints are most commonly affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
MCP metacarpophalangeal
PIP proximal interphalangeal
What does kVp refer to?
Kilovoltage peak
Also known as peak potential difference or voltage
What is the scatter effect responsible for on radiographic image?
Photons scattered backwards - do not affect image
Photons scattered obliquely may still reach the image but will interact with the wrong area, causes darkening of image in the wrong place, results in fogging of image which reduces image contrast/quality
Pt presents with poor OH and erythematous. How to treat?
OHI and chlorhexidine mouthwash
What is the function of a buccal canine retractor?
To retract buccally erupted canine palatally
Pt with OB and OJ of 7mm, would you give them an anterior or posterior occlusal bite plane and what width would it be?
Flat anterior bite plane with a width of OJ +3mm
7+3=10mm
Which occlusal bite plane would you use for an anterior cross bite?
Flat posterior bite plane
Greatest danger for elders with osteoporosis
Vertebral fracture 50% and most dangerous
What study design gives most reliable results?
Randomised control trial
What is the index tool for periodontal problems and what does it stand for?
CPITN probe
Community periodontal index of treatment needs
Which material has best mechanical properties, gold or porcelain?
Gold
In crown prep of anterior teeth, how many planes should be prepped?
2
What is it called when the mandible moves to the right and the posterior teeth on the left do not contact?
Canine guidance
What is it called when the mandibular condyles are in their most posterior position and the teeth are in contact?
Retruded contact position
What should the minimum thickness of the aluminium on the Xray filtration be?
<70kV = 1.5mm
70kV or more = 2.5mm
What medication/advice to give following an OAF?
No nose blowing, using straws, smoking or using a steam inhaler
Give antibiotics
In bacteria, phosphorus is used in the form of inorganic phosphate to produce what?
ATP through cellular respiration
25 year old comes with no gingivitis and
generalised loss of attachment, what could be the diagnosis?
Aggressive generalised periodontitis
Greater risk group for heart disease and hypertension?
Older people
Which of the following patients should always be referred to a specialist
- Organ transplant and severe haemophiliac
- Warfarin patient
- Prosthetic limb patient
Organ transplant and severe haemophiliac
Patients who have haemophilia A are deficient in which clotting factor?
Factor VIII
What is the line of reference for upper oblique occlusal radiographs? What is it for the lower?
Upper - ala tragus line
Lower - corner of mouth to tragus
What does curve of monson represent?
An imaginary curve that follows the occlusal plane of teeth and represents the relationship between the upper and lower arches
What does the quality of photons depend on?
Distance (fsd) 100mm for <60kV
200mm for 60kV or more
If a radiograph is too dark what could be the problem?
Overexposure, developer left on for too long
What colour is the holder for anterior periapical?
Blue
What colour is the holder for bitewings?
Red
What colour is the holder for posterior periapicals?
Yellow
What does the sphere of monson tell us about the inclination of upper and lower teeth?
Maxillary teeth tilt buccally
Mandibular teeth tilt lingually
Where is the dot on the edge of the xray film orientated for periapicals and for bitewings?
Periapical - dot on bottom of the film holder
Bitewings - dot on top of film holder
How often should the radiology equipment be tested?
Process test film daily
How often should the radiology equipment be tested?
Process test film daily
What is the indication on a radiograph of chronic occlusal trauma?
Widened PDL
What is a luxator used for
To sever PDL
What is the most important measurement for full denture design?
OVD
4 types of cerebral palsy
Spastic
Dyskinetic
Ataxic
Mixed
What is used for acid etch?
35% phosphoric acid
Deamination of amino acids gives off what?
Ketone acid and ammonia
How to make a veneer more adhesive?
Lab with 10% HF acid
What is usually used as a reference point in endo?
Posterior teeth - cusp tip
Anterior teeth - incisal edge
What material is used in canals between visits during endo treatment?
Non setting calcium hydroxide
How will you make sure the patient will adhere to OH after using cognitive theory?
Implementation intention
Which toothpaste concentration should be used for a high risk 2 year old?
1000ppmF
What is the primary aim of an audit?
Improve healthcare - ensure standards are being met
What is the first line blood test for anaemia?
Full blood count
Patient has oesophageal infection, which nodes will show on palpation?
Deep cervical
What method is used to spot novelty in microorganisms?
PCR and 16S rRNA amplification and cloning
Alcohol based hand rub is NOT useful against what particular bacteria?
Clostridium Difficile
Alcohol based hand rub is NOT useful against what particular bacteria?
Clostridium Difficile
What is the definition of viscoelasticity?
Ability to return to original shape after deformation
What is the definition of viscoelasticity?
Ability to return to original shape after deformation
Most useful voltage with a 60kV machine?
Lower the better
Oral features of down syndrome
Early onset of periodontitis
During facial growth, what structure encases the brain and what structure grows with the face?
Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
How much of the damage to nerves with lower 8 removal is temporary and how much is permanent?
Temporary 10-20%
Permanent <1%
What is it called when a patient experiences abnormal pain sensation as a result of damage to nerves?
Dysaesthesia
Are edentulous patients increasing or decreasing among age groups?
Decreasing across all age groups
What is the purpose of an LDU?
Decontaminate reusable instruments
Venous canula infection is caused by what bacteria?
Staphylococcus epidermis
Put the following in order to correspond with the decontamination cycle - pack, clean, sterilise, inspect
Clean
Inspect
Pack
Sterilise
What determines the kVp selection on an Xray unit?
Absorbed dose determines the kVp
What is the most important piece of information to tell the radiographer?
Clinical findings and radiographic view
What is cystic fibrosis?
Thick mucus which impedes cilias movement
Oral complication of cerebral palsy
Bruxism
What do patients with leukaemia often present with?
Gingival bleeding
What drug is often used as a first line to treat osteoarthritis?
NSAIDs
What drug is often used to treat candida albicans?
Caspofungin
What is an anteroposterior skeletal class III?
Mandible 2-3mm in front of maxilla
What is an anteroposterior skeletal class III?
Mandible 2-3mm in front of maxilla
What is an anteroposterior skeletal class III?
Mandible 2-3mm in front of maxilla
How can you reduce trauma to the pulp during a restorative procedure?
Use a coolant (such as water)
Following restoration of a single tooth under LA, how would you appropriately determine the occlusal contacts?
Use thin articulating paper
Dose reduction in intraoral radiography is best achieved by which collimation and by how much is the reduction?
Rectangular collimation
Reduces dose by 50%
What is the speed film that would give the patient a reduction in exposure time and dose and by how much?
F speed film
F is 20% faster than E (E is twice as fast as D)
This would result in 20% reduction in exposure time and dose
Prescribing medication for children requires alteration from an adult prescription, what is the most important change?
Dose of the drug
Diabetes is a common disorder in the elderly. Complications of this condition lead to difficulty being independent. What is the most likely complication?
Maculopathy
45 year old male with signification oral ulceration, may have underlying anaemia, what is a possible underlying medical condition which could cause this?
Peptic ulcer disease
In a patient with excellent plaque control, application of an intermittent non-axial occlusal force to a tooth gives rise to what?
Widening of the PDL and increased mobility
The retruded axis is (centric relation)
Dynamic relationship during with the mandible opens and closes on a reproducible hinge axis
What is chroma?
Intensity of colour
You perform an extraction on a patient, 3 hours later patient comes back bleeding. What is the preferential immediate treatment?
Bite on gauze with firm and even pressure
Under conditions of high sugar supply, what is formed under anaerobic conditions?
Lactate
What are facultative anaerobes?
Grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
Synthesis of extracellular polymeric substance in plaque formation is greatest when which sugar is present in the diet?
Sucrose
During root canal instrumentation of a sclerosed canal, what provides greatest benefit in making exploration easier?
EDTA 17%
Bilateral ankle swelling that worsens as the day progresses would suggest that the patient has what?
Congestive heart failure
Liver cirrhosis is best characterised by?
Disorganised liver repair
A fast irregular pulse in a patient who is suddenly acutely breathless would suggest the patient has?
Atrial fibrillation
Persistent lip swelling and recurrent oral ulceration could be a feature of what?
Crohn’s disease
What strength of daily fluoride mouthwash is recommended for a 9 year old?
225ppmF
Where are emergency airways located?
Between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
What pair of muscles retains dentures in their correct position?
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
When planning the construction of a bridge, a facebow is used, what is the function of a facebow?
Records the relationship of the maxillary arch to the mandibular condyles
In dental panoramic radiography, horizontal magnification of all anterior teeth will be caused by which patient positioning error?
The patient is too far back from the Xray source
With regard to intra oral xray film and film packet, where should the embossed dot or identification dot be?
The dot should always face towards the Xray beam
Why is a porcelain crown better than Ceromer crown, if retention preparation not good?
Better bond
Max root length safely left in an obturation?
2-3mm
What is wrong in cystic fibrosis?
Thick mucus that clogs the airways in the lungs and obstructs ducts in pancreas
What is the percentage of dry socket and osteonecrosis?
Dry socket 2-3%, 20-30% for lower 8s
Osteonecrosis - <1%
How can you affect crown forces?
Direction
When is bone regeneration best?
1 bony wall
2 walls
3 walls
Furcation
3 wall - the higher the better prognosis
What is the Christiansen phenomenon?
Refers to a phenomenon observed during the construction of occlusal rims
Patient is asked to maximally protrude mandible and a gap appears on the posterior teeth
Loss of sensation in left face and right upper limb could be caused by?
Multi-ischaemic event
Where is the lingual nerve positioned?
Between medial pterygoid and mandible
What does glycocalyx offer?
Microvilli in GIT
Adhesion for biofilm
Protection
What is a niche?
Role of an organism in an ecological environment
What is the maximum number of electrons that M can hold in its shell?
2n^2
K L M N O P
2(3)^2 = 18
What do you give for virus, bacteria and fungi?
Chlorhexidine
Is the rotation of the condyle on the working side in horizontal or vertical axis?
Vertical
What is a class I anteroposterior skeletal relationship?
Maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible
What property do elastomers have that alginate does not?
Can store because of dimensional stability. Alginate absorbs/releases moisture which causes it to change dimensions
Elastomers have higher elastic recovery while alginate exhibits more permanent deformation
What acid etch is usually used for porcelain?
10% Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Person with osteoarthritis has poor manual dexterity. Which of the bones are affected?
Metacarpals:DIP
What happens when caries is in dentine?
Beaded or tubular dentine formation
What is the difference between zinc phosphate cement and zinc polycarboxylate?
Zinc phosphate has higher modulus and compressive strength
In zinc polycarboxylate, phosphoric acid is replaced by polyacrylic acid
Patient had injury on left side of the mandible. Facial artery and submandibular are safe and intact, what test would be performed to test the area?
Test sensation of the face
65 year old has submandibular swelling, no pain, what kind of metastasis is this?
Posterior of the tongue
What happens at the anode and what type of spectrums does it produce?
Electrons from the filament of the cathode made of tungsten bombard the metal block made of tungsten of the anode to produce photons
Characteristic and continuous spectrum
Which act is to do with changing the practice layout to cater to disabled people?
Equality act 2010
Which bacteria is most likely found in periodontal disease?
Porphyromonas gingivalis
What are indications for periodontal surgery?
Excellent OH
Pockets of 5mm or greater
Which virulence factor has contribution with P. gingivalis to cause periodontal disease?
Gingipains and fimbriae
If the principles of flap design which one is appropriate?
Do not cut deep
Base is wider than apex
Do not cut the papilla and leave it intact
The flap must be small
Base is wider than the apex
Which tooth is likely to have an extra canal?
First mandibular molar
What is the colour of the rims you would use for endo radiograph?
Green
Which hepatitis must dentists be vaccinated against?
Hep A and B