Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMLS 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) > PPPHLEBOTOMY EQUIPMENT > Flashcards

PPPHLEBOTOMY EQUIPMENT Flashcards

1
Q
  • Patients who have their blood drawn while in a seated position
  • Most have adjustable are rests to allow proper positioning
A

Phlebotomy Chairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Hold all necessary equipment for proper sample collection
  • In variety of styles and sizes designed to be easily carried by the phlebotomist
  • Convenient for STAT or emergency, situations or when relatively few patients need blood work
A

Handheld Carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Made of stainless steel or synthetic material, usually with swivel wheels that allows smooth gliding
  • Has several shelves to carry adequate supplies
A

Phlebotomy Carts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Used to clean the site prior to blood collection
  • Prevent or inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms but do not necessarily kill them
  • Considered safe to use on human skin
A

Antiseptics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of Antiseptics

A

70% ethyl alcohol
70% isopropyl alcohol (isoproраnol)
Benzalkonium chloride (e.g., Zephiran chloride)
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hydrogen peroxide
Povidone-iodine (0.1% to 1% available iodine)
Tincture of iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments
  • Stronger, more toxic, and typically more corrosive than antiseptics and are not safe to use on human skin
  • At least 10 minutes of contact time is required for bleach-based
A

DISINFECTANTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers for routine decontamination of hands as a substitute for handwashing
  • Should not be used when hands are visibly soiled
A

HAND SANITIZERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • used to hold pressure over the site following blood collection procedures
  • Bandages are used to cover a blood collection site after the bleeding has stopped
A

GAUZE PADS, BANDAGES & COTTON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Precleaned 25 x 75-mm (1 x 3-in) glass microscope slides are used to make blood films for hematology determinations
  • either plain or with a frosted area at one end where the patient’s name or other information can be written in pencil

LABELING materials like pen with permanent, non-smear ink is also needed

A

SLIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Used needles, lancets, and other sharp objects must be disposed of immediately in special containers
  • Most are red for easy identification
  • Must be marked with biohazard symbol
  • Characteristics:
    ✓ Rigid
    ✓ Puncture resistant
    ✓ Leakproof
    ✓ Disposable
    ✓ Locking lids
A

NEEDLE AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Leakproof plastic bags that are commonly used to transport blood and other specimens
  • Marked with a biohazard label
  • Has an outside pocket where requisitions can be placed
A

BIOHAZARD BAGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Tend to be expensive
  • Utilizes transillumination to make it easier to locate veins that are difficult to see or feel
  • Shine high-intensity LED or infrared red light through the patient’s skin to highlight veins
  • The hemoglobin in the blood within the veins absorbs the light, causing the veins to stand out as dark lines
A

VEIN-LOCATING DEVICES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture
  • Compresses veins to restrict blood flow
  • Restriction of venous flow distends or inflates the veins, making them larger and easier to find
  • Restriction of blood flow can change blood components if the tourniquet is left in place for more than one minute
A

TORNIQUET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Approx. 1 inch wide by 15-18 inches long
  • Flat strip type are commonly used
  • Should be non-latex to prevent latex allergy
  • Re-using of torniquets may be prone to contamination concerns
A

TORNIQUET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Must be applied 3-4 inches above puncture site
  • Should be applied tight enough
  • Pumping of hands can result to elevated potassium levels
  • Prolonged tourniquet causes hemoconcentration
A

TORNIQUET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Sterile, disposable, and designed for a single use only
    ✓ Multisample needles (ETS)
    ✓ Hypodermic needles (Syringe System)
    ✓ Winged infusion (butterfly)
A

NEEDLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PARTS OF A NEEDLE

A

BEVEL
SHAFT
HUB
LUMEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • End that pierces the vein
  • Allows needle to easily slip into the skin and vein w/o coring
A

BEVEL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Long cylindrical portion

A

SHAFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • End that attaches to the blood collection device
A

HUB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Internal space of the needle
A

LUMEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • Indicated by a number that is related to the diameter of the lumen
  • Inversely proportional to the needle’s diameter
    ** the higher the gauge number the smaller the diameter of the needle
  • Needle gauge is selected accordingly to the size and condition of px’s vein
  • 21-gauge-standard and most routine
A

GAUGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Collection of donor units,
autologous blood donation, and therapeutic phlebotomy

A

15-17 / Special needle attached to collection bag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sometimes used when large-volume tubes are collected, or large-volume syringes are used on patients with normal-size veins

A

20 Multisample
20 Hypodermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Considered the standard venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection

A

21 Multisample
21 Hypodermic

25
Q

Used on older children and adult patients with small veins or for syringe draws on difficult veins

A

22 Multisample
22 Hypodermic

26
Q

Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult or hand veins of adults

A

23 Blood collection set

27
Q

Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult or hand veins of adults

A

25 Blood collection set (Thin- wall needle)

28
Q

LENGTH (needles)

Most needles come in _____
Butterfly needles: _____

A

Most needles come in 1- or 1.5-in lengths
Butterfly needles: 0.5-0.75 in

29
Q
  • Provide immediate permanent needle containment
  • Activated using one hand
  • Resheathing devices, blunting devices, retractable needles
A

NEEDLE SAFETY FEATURES

30
Q
  • Used for patients with small or difficult veins
  • Consist of a (1) hypodermic needle, (2) sterile plastic syringe with a Luer-lock tip
A

SYRINGE SYSTEM

31
Q
  • Used for collecting blood from small or difficult veins such as hand veins and veins of elderly and pediatric patients
  • Allow much more flexibility and precision
  • Most sets have removable Luer adapters that allow them to be used with either ETS holders or syringes
A

INFUSION SETS

32
Q

_____ commonly referred as butterfly, which contains plastic extensions that resemble butterfly wings

A

WINGED INFUSION SET

33
Q
  • Most common, efficient, and CLSI-preferred system for collecting blood samples
  • System allows numerous tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture
A

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM

34
Q
  • Allows multiple tubes of blood to be collected during a single venipuncture
  • Threaded in the middle and have a beveled point on each end
  • Threaded portion screws into a tube holder
    Covered by a sleeve that retracts as the needle goes through the tube stopper
A

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM MULTISAMPLE NEEDLES

35
Q
  • Clear, plastic, disposable cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end
  • Attaches to the needle and holds the tube for
A

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM TUBE HOLDERS

36
Q

_____ are available permanently attached as a single unit or as both devices preassembled

A

Needle and tube-holder devices

37
Q
  • Collection tubes for obtaining blood
  • VACUUM
    *Allows automatic filling of blood due to the negative pressure
    *Amount of vacuum is measured precisely by manufacturer
    *Able to draw exact volume of blood indicated on the label
    *Tube that has prematurely lost all or part of its vacuum will fail to properly fill blood
A

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM EVACUATED TUBES

38
Q

EVACUATED TUBES
CAUSES OF PREMATURE LOSS OF VACUUM:

A

-Improper storage
-Opening the tube
-Dropping the tube
-Advancing the tube too far onto the needle before
puncture
-Bevel becomes partially out of the skin during
puncture

39
Q

a result of premature loss of vacuum resulting to underfilled tube

A

SHORT DRAW

40
Q
  • Commonly used for clearing and discarding purposes
  • Yield serum samples
    Ex. Vacuette® gray top, BD clear top
A

NON-ADDITIVE TUBES

40
Q
  • Any substance placed within a tube
  • Have one or more specific functions:
    a. Preventing clotting
    b. Preserving blood components
    c. Clot activator
  • Additive amount is pre-calibrated
A

ADDITIVE TUBES

41
Q
  • Tube caps, tops, or closures are made of a type of rubber
  • Some are covered by a plastic shield
  • Designed to:
    ✔ Prevent blood drops
    ✔ Prevent aerosols (mists)
    ✔ Prevent blood on the stopper or rim
    ✔ Prevents removal of stopper using a “thumb-roll” or “pop-off”
A

STOPPERS

42
Q
  • Identifies the type of additive placed in tube
  • Indicates a special property of the tube
  • Color coding is generally universal, although there might be a slight variation by the manufacturer
A

COLOR CODING

43
Q
  • Guarantee reliability of additives and tube vacuum until an expiration date
A

EXPIRATION DATES

44
Q
  • Liquid, spray-dried, and powder forms
  • Powdered additive should be lightly tapped prior to use
  • Must be inverted upon addition of blood sample
  • Number of inversions are dependent on type of additive and manufacturer
A

BLOOD COLLECTION ADDITIVES

45
Q

a specimen as this can cause hemolysis, which makes most specimens unsuitable for testing.

A

!! Never shake or otherwise vigorously mix

46
Q
  • Substances that prevent blood from clotting (coagulating)
    1. By binding (chelating) calcium
    2. Precipitating calcium
    3. Inhibiting formation of thrombin
    4. Preventing fibrinogen to fibrin in coagulation process
  • Must be mixed immediately after collection to prevent microclot formation
A

ANTICOAGULANTS

47
Q

Precipitates calcium

A

Potassium oxalate

48
Q

Inhibits glycolysis

A

Sodium fluoride

49
Q

Binds calcium and allows bacteria to grow for culture

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

50
Q

Binds calcium

A

Sodium citrate / Solutions A and B (ACD) / EDTA

51
Q

Inhibits prothrombin to thrombin

A

Lithium heparin / Sodium heparin / Ammonium heparin

52
Q

Accelerates clotting

A

Silica/glass particles / Thrombin

53
Q

Promotes faster centrifugation and a sample with fewer cells

A

Silicon

54
Q

Natural formed clot

A

No additive

55
Q
  • PRINCIPLE: prevents clotting by cheating calcium
    ✓ Phosphate stabilizes pH
    ✓ Dextrose provides cells with energy
A

CITRATE PHOSPHATE DEXTROSE

56
Q
  • substance that enhances coagulation in tubes
  • Include substances that provide surface for platelet activation
    *Glass (silica)
    • clot activators in SSTs (serum-
      separator tubes)
    • Plastic red top
      *Thrombin
A

CLOT ACTIVATORS

57
Q

_____ should still be mixed to avoid particles interfering with test

A

Tubes with clot activators

58
Q
  • provide a physical barrier between the serum or plasma in the tube and the cells
  • prevents the cells from continuing to metabolize substances such as glucose in the serum or plasma
  • Thixotropic Gel Separator
    ✓ inert (nonreacting) synthetic substance
    ✓ density of the gel is between that of the cells and the serum or plasma
A

Serum or Plasma Separator Tubes

59
Q
  • Refers to the order in which tubes are collected during a multiple-tube ETS draw
  • Intended to prevent contamination of blood specimens by carryover of additives that can interfere with some tests
A

ORDER OF DRAW

60
Q

ORDER OF DRAW

A

Yellow (sterile)
Blue (citrate)
Red (serum)
Green (heparin)
Lavender (EDTA)
Grey (oxalate)
Black

PMLS 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions