CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Circulates blood throughout the
body
A
HEART
2
Q
Located in the center of the thoracic cavity
A
HEART
3
Q
Four-chambered, hollow, muscular
organ
A
HEART
4
Q
_____ Surrounded by a sac called _____
A
heart/pericardium
5
Q
Outer layer of the heart
A
Epicardium
6
Q
Middle layer of the heart
A
Myocardium
7
Q
Inner layer of the heart
A
Endocardium
8
Q
Thin, serous(watery) membrane that is continuous with the
lining of the pericardium
A
Epicardium
9
Q
Thick layer of cardiac muscle
A
Myocardium
10
Q
Thin layer of epithelial cells that is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels
A
Endocardium
11
Q
Covers the heart and attaches to the pericardium
A
Epicardium
12
Q
Contracts to pump
blood into the arteries
A
Myocardium
13
Q
Lines the interior
chambers and valves
A
Endocardium
14
Q
Upper right chamber
A
Right Atrium
15
Q
Lower right chamber
A
Right Ventricle
16
Q
Upper left chamber
A
Left Atrium
17
Q
- Received deoxygenated blood via
Superior and Inferior vena cava - Pumps into right ventricle
A
Right Atrium
18
Q
- Receives blood from right atrium
- Pumps into pulmonary artery
- Carries to lungs for oxygenation
A
Right Ventricle
19
Q
- Receives oxygenated blood via
pulmonary veins - Pumps into left ventricle
A
Left Atrium
20
Q
Lower left chamber
A
Left Ventricle
21
Q
- Receives blood from left atrium
- Pumps into aorta
- Walls are 3x as thick
- Pump into arterial system
A
Left Ventricle
22
Q
Between right atrium and ventricle
A
Right AV valve (Tricuspid)
23
Q
Between the left atrium and ventricle
A
Left AV valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)
24
Q
3 cusps (flaps)
A
Right AV valve (Tricuspid)
25
2 cusps
Left AV valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)
26
Closes when the right
ventricle contracts
Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium
Right AV valve (Tricuspid)
27
Closes when the left ventricle contracts and prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium
Left AV valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)
28
At the entrance to the pulmonary artery
Right semilunar valve
(Pulmonary or Pulmonic)
29
At the entrance to the aorta
Left semilunar valve
(Aortic Valve)
30
3 half moon shaped cusps
Right semilunar valve
(Pulmonary or Pulmonic)
31
3 half moon shaped cusps
Left semilunar valve
(Aortic Valve)
32
Closes when the right
ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle
Right semilunar valve
(Pulmonary or Pulmonic)
33
Closes when the left ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle
Left semilunar valve
(Aortic Valve)
34
* Flow of blood within the heart
muscle
* Doesn’t receive
nourishment/oxygen from blood
passing through chambers
* Receives oxygen via left & right
coronary arteries
Coronary Circulation
35
❑Chest pain due to reduced
blood flow to the heart muscle
❑Caused by narrowing,
obstruction or spasm of the
coronary arteries
Angina
36
❑ buildup of waxy substance
called plaque
❑severe narrowing of
coronary arteries
❑ reduce blood flow to the
heart muscle
Atherosclerosis
37
❑ Partial obstruction of a
coronary artery
❑ Unable to meet oxygen
need resulting to “myocardial
ischemia”
❑ Complete obstruction can
lead to “myocardial infarction”
Heart Attack
38
Unable to meet oxygen
need resulting to “________”
“myocardial ischemia”
39
Complete obstruction can lead to “________”
“myocardial infarction”
40
❖ Heart’s contractions must be
synchronized (coordinated)
❖ Achieved by means of specialized
muscle cells
❖ Initiated by electrical impulse
generated from “sinoatrial node
(SA)” / pacemaker
Electrical Conduction System
41
Upper wall of the right atrium
Sinoatrial (SA) node
42
Begins the heartbeat by generating the electrical pulse that travels through the muscles of both atria, causing them to contract simultaneously and push blood through the atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles
Sinoatrial (SA) node
43
Wall of the right atrium
Internodal pathway fibers
44
Relay the impulse to the AV node
Internodal pathway fibers
45
Bottom of the right atrium in the interatrial septum
AV node
46
Picks up the impulse, slows it down while the atria finish contracting, and then relays it through the AV bundle (bundle of His)
AV node
47
Top of the interventricular septum
AV bundle (Bundle of His)
48
Relays impulse throughout the ventricular walls by means of bundle branches and Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract, forcing blood through the semilunar valves; both atria and ventricles relax briefly before the entire cycle starts again
AV bundle (Bundle of His)
49
* Graphic record of heart’s electrical
activity
* Produced by an “electrograph”
* Electrical impulses are recorded
as wave
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG/EKG)
50
activity of atria ; first wave
P
51
collection of three waves
QRS
52
activity of ventricles
T
53
number of heartbeats per minute
Heart Rate
54
Heart Rate Adult: Ave. _____
72 bpm
55
irregularity in heart rate
Arrhythmia
56
<60 bpm
Bradycardia
57
>100 bpm
Tachycardia
58
rapid, uncoordinated contractions
Fibrillation
59
volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
Cardiac Output
60
Cardiac Output Ave: ____
5L/min
61
* Palpable rhythmic throbbing
* Most easily felt by impressing the
radial artery on the thumb side
wrist
PULSE
62
* Force/pressure/tension exerted by
the blood on the walls of blood
vessels
* Results are expressed in
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
and
* Expressed as “SYSTOLIC /
DIASTOLIC “
BLOOD PRESSURE
63
arterial pressure during contraction of the ventricles
Systolic Pressure
64
arterial pressure during relaxation of the ventricles
Diastolic Pressure
65
flows blood away from the heart
Arteries
66
flows blood towards the heart
Veins
67
connects most of arteries and veins
Capillaries
68
* Thick walls to withstand pumping
pressure
* Pressure creates pulse that can be
felt
* Constantly expanding and
constructing
* Start branching off to form
arterioles → capillaries
* Oxygenated arterial blood leaves
the heart (appear to be brighter)
* Carries oxygen to the tissue
The Artery
69
* Walls are thinner due to less
pressure
* Can collapse more easily that
arteries
* Has valves – prevent backflow of
blood
* Vessels that return blood to the
heart
* Carries blood that is:
❖ Low in oxygen (deoxygenated)
❖ High in carbon dioxide
* Blood tend to appear more dark
and bluish
* Capillaries form to create venules → veins
The Vein
70
* Connects the arterioles and
venules
* Acts as bridge between the two
vessels
* Mixture of both venous and
arterial blood
* Allow the exchange of O2 for CO2
and nutrients for waste
❖Dilates in warm temp – lets off
heat
❖Constrict in cold temp –
conserves heat
The Capillaries
71
internal space of a blood vessel through which the blood flows
Lumen
72
➢ Thin membranous leaflets
➢ Help blood flow towards the
heart
Valves
73
▪ Outer layer of a blood vessel
▪ Made up of connective tissue
Tunica Adventitia
74
▪ Middle layer of blood vessel
▪ Thickest layer
▪ Made up of smooth muscle and
some elastic
Tunica Media
75
▪ Inner layer
▪ Single layer of endothelial cells
▪ Underlying basement membrane
of connective tissue
▪ Elastic internal membrane
Tunica Intima
