Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMLS 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) > CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1 > Flashcards

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Circulates blood throughout the
body

A

HEART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Located in the center of the thoracic cavity

A

HEART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Four-chambered, hollow, muscular
organ

A

HEART

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ Surrounded by a sac called _____

A

heart/pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outer layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Middle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inner layer of the heart

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thin, serous(watery) membrane that is continuous with the
lining of the pericardium

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thick layer of cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thin layer of epithelial cells that is continuous with the lining of the blood vessels

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Covers the heart and attaches to the pericardium

A

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contracts to pump
blood into the arteries

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lines the interior
chambers and valves

A

Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Upper right chamber

A

Right Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lower right chamber

A

Right Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Upper left chamber

A

Left Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Received deoxygenated blood via
    Superior and Inferior vena cava
  • Pumps into right ventricle
A

Right Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Receives blood from right atrium
  • Pumps into pulmonary artery
  • Carries to lungs for oxygenation
A

Right Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Receives oxygenated blood via
    pulmonary veins
  • Pumps into left ventricle
A

Left Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lower left chamber

A

Left Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Receives blood from left atrium
  • Pumps into aorta
  • Walls are 3x as thick
  • Pump into arterial system
A

Left Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Between right atrium and ventricle

A

Right AV valve (Tricuspid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Between the left atrium and ventricle

A

Left AV valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 cusps (flaps)

A

Right AV valve (Tricuspid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 cusps

A

Left AV valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Closes when the right
ventricle contracts
Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium

A

Right AV valve (Tricuspid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Closes when the left ventricle contracts and prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium

A

Left AV valve (Bicuspid or Mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

At the entrance to the pulmonary artery

A

Right semilunar valve
(Pulmonary or Pulmonic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At the entrance to the aorta

A

Left semilunar valve
(Aortic Valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

3 half moon shaped cusps

A

Right semilunar valve
(Pulmonary or Pulmonic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

3 half moon shaped cusps

A

Left semilunar valve
(Aortic Valve)

32
Q

Closes when the right
ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle

A

Right semilunar valve
(Pulmonary or Pulmonic)

33
Q

Closes when the left ventricle relaxes and prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

A

Left semilunar valve
(Aortic Valve)

34
Q
  • Flow of blood within the heart
    muscle
  • Doesn’t receive
    nourishment/oxygen from blood
    passing through chambers
  • Receives oxygen via left & right
    coronary arteries
A

Coronary Circulation

35
Q

❑Chest pain due to reduced
blood flow to the heart muscle
❑Caused by narrowing,
obstruction or spasm of the
coronary arteries

A

Angina

36
Q

❑ buildup of waxy substance
called plaque
❑severe narrowing of
coronary arteries
❑ reduce blood flow to the
heart muscle

A

Atherosclerosis

37
Q

❑ Partial obstruction of a
coronary artery
❑ Unable to meet oxygen
need resulting to “myocardial
ischemia”
❑ Complete obstruction can
lead to “myocardial infarction”

A

Heart Attack

38
Q

Unable to meet oxygen
need resulting to “________”

A

“myocardial ischemia”

39
Q

Complete obstruction can lead to “________”

A

“myocardial infarction”

40
Q

❖ Heart’s contractions must be
synchronized (coordinated)
❖ Achieved by means of specialized
muscle cells
❖ Initiated by electrical impulse
generated from “sinoatrial node
(SA)” / pacemaker

A

Electrical Conduction System

41
Q

Upper wall of the right atrium

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

42
Q

Begins the heartbeat by generating the electrical pulse that travels through the muscles of both atria, causing them to contract simultaneously and push blood through the atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

43
Q

Wall of the right atrium

A

Internodal pathway fibers

44
Q

Relay the impulse to the AV node

A

Internodal pathway fibers

45
Q

Bottom of the right atrium in the interatrial septum

A

AV node

46
Q

Picks up the impulse, slows it down while the atria finish contracting, and then relays it through the AV bundle (bundle of His)

A

AV node

47
Q

Top of the interventricular septum

A

AV bundle (Bundle of His)

48
Q

Relays impulse throughout the ventricular walls by means of bundle branches and Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract, forcing blood through the semilunar valves; both atria and ventricles relax briefly before the entire cycle starts again

A

AV bundle (Bundle of His)

49
Q
  • Graphic record of heart’s electrical
    activity
  • Produced by an “electrograph”
  • Electrical impulses are recorded
    as wave
A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG/EKG)

50
Q

activity of atria ; first wave

A

P

51
Q

collection of three waves

A

QRS

52
Q

activity of ventricles

A

T

53
Q

number of heartbeats per minute

A

Heart Rate

54
Q

Heart Rate Adult: Ave. _____

A

72 bpm

55
Q

irregularity in heart rate

A

Arrhythmia

56
Q

<60 bpm

A

Bradycardia

57
Q

> 100 bpm

A

Tachycardia

58
Q

rapid, uncoordinated contractions

A

Fibrillation

59
Q

volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute

A

Cardiac Output

60
Q

Cardiac Output Ave: ____

A

5L/min

61
Q
  • Palpable rhythmic throbbing
  • Most easily felt by impressing the
    radial artery on the thumb side
    wrist
A

PULSE

62
Q
  • Force/pressure/tension exerted by
    the blood on the walls of blood
    vessels
  • Results are expressed in
    millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
    and
  • Expressed as “SYSTOLIC /
    DIASTOLIC “
A

BLOOD PRESSURE

63
Q

arterial pressure during contraction of the ventricles

A

Systolic Pressure

64
Q

arterial pressure during relaxation of the ventricles

A

Diastolic Pressure

65
Q

flows blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

66
Q

flows blood towards the heart

A

Veins

67
Q

connects most of arteries and veins

A

Capillaries

68
Q
  • Thick walls to withstand pumping
    pressure
  • Pressure creates pulse that can be
    felt
  • Constantly expanding and
    constructing
  • Start branching off to form
    arterioles → capillaries
  • Oxygenated arterial blood leaves
    the heart (appear to be brighter)
  • Carries oxygen to the tissue
A

The Artery

69
Q
  • Walls are thinner due to less
    pressure
  • Can collapse more easily that
    arteries
  • Has valves – prevent backflow of
    blood
  • Vessels that return blood to the
    heart
  • Carries blood that is:
    ❖ Low in oxygen (deoxygenated)
    ❖ High in carbon dioxide
  • Blood tend to appear more dark
    and bluish
  • Capillaries form to create venules → veins
A

The Vein

70
Q
  • Connects the arterioles and
    venules
  • Acts as bridge between the two
    vessels
  • Mixture of both venous and
    arterial blood
  • Allow the exchange of O2 for CO2
    and nutrients for waste
    ❖Dilates in warm temp – lets off
    heat
    ❖Constrict in cold temp –
    conserves heat
A

The Capillaries

71
Q

internal space of a blood vessel through which the blood flows

A

Lumen

72
Q

➢ Thin membranous leaflets
➢ Help blood flow towards the
heart

A

Valves

73
Q

▪ Outer layer of a blood vessel
▪ Made up of connective tissue

A

Tunica Adventitia

74
Q

▪ Middle layer of blood vessel
▪ Thickest layer
▪ Made up of smooth muscle and
some elastic

A

Tunica Media

75
Q

▪ Inner layer
▪ Single layer of endothelial cells
▪ Underlying basement membrane
of connective tissue
▪ Elastic internal membrane

A

Tunica Intima

PMLS 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions