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PMLS 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) > CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 2 > Flashcards

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

❖ First choice of location for
venipuncture
❖ Veins are near the surface and
large enough to give access to
the blood
❖ Anatomical arrangement of AC
veins varies slightly

A

Antecubital Fossa

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2
Q

means “in front of the elbow”

A

Antecubital

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3
Q

Pattern Antecubital Veins

A

H- Pattern Antecubital Veins
M- Pattern Antecubital Veins

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3
Q

means a “shallow depression”

A

Fossa

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4
Q
  • Displayed by majority of the population
A

H-Pattern Antecubital Veins

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5
Q
  • center of AC
  • first choice for venipuncture
  • anchored and more stable
  • least painful
  • least likely to bruise
A

MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN

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6
Q
  • follows along the thumb side of
    the arm
  • 2nd choice of vein for
    venipuncture
  • slightly difficult to palpate
  • near the lateral antebrachial
    cutaneous nerve
A

CEPHALIC VEIN

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7
Q
  • follows along the lateral aspect of
    AC
  • 3rd choice of vein for
    venipuncture
  • difficult to palpate
  • has tendency to roll
  • near the brachial artery and
    median cutaneous nerve, thus
    tends to be more painful
A

BASILIC VEIN

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8
Q
  • Transportation system for the body to transfer substances
A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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9
Q

circulates blood through lungs

A

Pulmonary System

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10
Q

supplies cells with needed nutrients and removing waste products

A

Systemic System

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11
Q

primary factory for production of blood cells

A

Bone marrow

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12
Q

Other sites of blood cell production:

A

(1) lymph nodes, (2) thymus, (3) spleen

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13
Q

Function of Blood

A

✓Carry oxygen to body issues
✓Remove the waste product carbon
dioxide
✓Carries all nutrients to all parts of
the body
✓Moves products to the lungs,
kidneys, liver and skin

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14
Q
  • Blood volume varies on the size of
    individual
  • Only 2.5% of an individual’s blood
    can be taken
  • No more than 5% of total patient’s
    blood can be taken in
    30 days
A

Blood Volume

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15
Q

Adult – contains approx. ________

A

5 litters of blood

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16
Q

Preterm infant – contains ________

A

100ml of blood

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17
Q
  • Continuous, regulated process of
    renewal, proliferation,
    differentiation, and maturation of
    all blood cell lines
  • Results in release of blood cells
    from bone marrow into
    circulation
  • Decrease of size through
    maturation
  • Immature cells found in the
    bloodstream are indicative of
    hematologic problem
A

HEMATOPOIESIS

18
Q

✓Appears clear, pale-yellow fluid
✓ Used for many laboratory tests

A

SERUM

19
Q

SERUM
❖ Blood removed from the body
will coagulate/clot within _____
❖ Clot contains enmeshed _____ network
❖Remaining fluid portion is _____
❖ Separated with other
components by _____

A

❖ Blood removed from the body will coagulate/clot within (30-60 mins)
❖ Clot contains enmeshed (fibrin) network
❖Remaining fluid portion is (serum)
❖ Separated with other components by (centrifugation)

20
Q

❖ Appears clear to slightly haze
pale-yellow fluid
❖Liquid portion of blood inside the
body
* Can be acquired outside of the
body through anticoagulants
* Anticoagulated blood is called a
whole-blood specimen
- blood in the same form as it is
in the bloodstream
❖Contains fibrinogen and clotting
factors
❖ Buffy Coat – contains mixture of leukocytes and thrombocytes

A

PLASMA

21
Q
  • Anticoagulated blood is called a
    _____
A

whole-blood specimen

22
Q

contains mixture of leukocytes and thrombocytes

A

Buffy Coat

23
Q

Blood Elements
Consists of:

A

(1) liquid portion (plasma/serum) – 55%

(2) cellular elements – 45%
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Thrombocytes ( Platelets )

24
Q
  • Consists of hemoglobin
    ❖ iron-containing pigment of RBCs
    ❖ holds oxygen molecules
  • Contains antigen on the service
    ❖ determines individual’s blood
    type
    ❖ can react with antibodies
    ❖ significant in identifying blood
    compatibility
A

RED BLOOD CELLS

25
Q

RED BLOOD CELLS
* Size(Mature) : _____
* Nucleus (Mature) : _____
* Shape: _____
* Viability inside the body: _____

A
  • Size(Mature) : 7-8 um
  • Nucleus (Mature) : Absent
  • Shape: Biconcave
  • Viability inside the body: 120
26
Q
  • Produced in the bone marrow and
    lymph nodes
  • Begin as undifferentiated stem
    cells
  • Immature: Blasts Cells
  • Vary greatly in size
  • Some may have granules
  • Has staining characteristics for
    differentiation (differential count)
A

LEUKOCYTES

27
Q
  • Smallest of the formed elements
  • Fragments of megakaryocyte
  • Aids in clotting process
A

THROMBOCYTES

28
Q

❖Spins blood in upright position
❖Speeds up separation of
components
➢ separates according to weight
➢ heavier cellular components
tend to settle at the bottom
❖Must be in a balanced position
❖ Blood must be allowed to clot for
at least 30 minutes before
centrifugation

A

CENTRIFUGATION

29
Q

❖ Conversion of liquid blood into a
semisolid gel called “clot”
❖ Critical component of hemostasis
✓ ability of the body to arrest or
stop bleeding
✓ coagulation process causing
formation of blood clot
❖ Requires activation of
coagulation factors

A

COAGULATION

30
Q

Conversion of liquid blood into a semisolid gel called _____

A

clot

31
Q

HEMOSTATIS PROCESS

A

Primary hemostasis
Secondary hemostasis

32
Q

I. Vasoconstriction – damaged
vessels constrict to limit bleeding
II. Platelet aggregation- formation
of platelet clump
III. Platelet adhesion – adherence of
clumps to injured area

A

Primary hemostasis

33
Q

Traditionally been tested by “bleeding time “

A

Primary hemostasis

34
Q

damaged vessels constrict to limit bleeding

A

Vasoconstriction

35
Q

formation of platelet clump

A

Platelet aggregation

36
Q

adherence of clumps to injured area

A

Platelet adhesion

37
Q

➢ needed for more serious injuries
➢involves formation of fibrin clot
➢ complex series of coagulation
cascade
I. Intrinsic Pathway – vascular
injury
II. Extrinsic Pathway – tissue injury

Platelet → Factor Activation → Calcium → Prothrombin
to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to Fibrin → Clot

➢ Once injury is repaired,
fibrinolysis occurs
➢ This breaks down the fibrin into
FDPs (Fibrin degradation
products)

A

Secondary hemostasis

38
Q

vascular injury

A

Intrinsic Pathway

39
Q

tissue injury

A

Extrinsic Pathway

40
Q

Secondary hemostasis
_____ → _____ → _____ → _____
to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to Fibrin → Clot

A

Secondary hemostasis
Platelet → Factor Activation → Calcium → Prothrombin
to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to Fibrin → Clot

41
Q

Secondary hemostasis
Platelet → Factor Activation → Calcium → Prothrombin
to _____ → _____ to Fibrin → Clot

A

Platelet → Factor Activation → Calcium → Prothrombin
to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to Fibrin → Clot

42
Q

Secondary hemostasis
Platelet → Factor Activation → Calcium → Prothrombin
to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to ____→ _____

A

Platelet → Factor Activation → Calcium → Prothrombin
to Thrombin → Fibrinogen to Fibrin → Clot

43
Q

❖ Blood tubes with anticoagulants
prevent the coagulation cascade
from progressing
❖ Important in preventing collected
blood from clotting in the tubes
❖To prevent from clotting, the tube
contains chemical anticoagulant
❖Anticoagulants works by
removing calcium or by
inhibiting prothrombin to
thrombin

A

COAGULATION

PMLS 2ND SEM (MIDTERMS) (3 decks)

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