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Patient Care 2 > PPE, Respiration, Temperature, Pulse, BP > Flashcards

PPE, Respiration, Temperature, Pulse, BP Flashcards

1
Q

Donning PPE

A
  • hand hygiene
  • cap or hood
  • mask
  • gown
  • gloves
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2
Q

Doffing PPE

A
  • remove/untie gown
  • gloves are removed with gown when sleeves are pulled
  • fold contaminated surface of gown inward
  • discard gown and gloves
  • remove mask
  • remove cap or hood
  • hand hygiene
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3
Q

Respiration

A

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and blood circulation in the body

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4
Q

What is a full respiration?

A

1 inspiration + 1 expiration

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5
Q

Respiration rate for an adult and infant?

A

Adult: 12-20 breaths/min
Infant: 30-60 breaths/ min

Should be quiet, effortless and uniform

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6
Q

4 things to observe during respiration?

A

Rate: how many breaths per min?
Depth: shallow or deep?
Quality: supplying the O2 needs to the patient?
Pattern: rapid or staggered? (Air hungry)

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7
Q

Assessing Respiration

A
  • keep pt in current position
  • pt should be unaware you are counting respiration
  • observe the chest wall for symmetry of movement
  • should be even rise and fall of the chest, with no involvement of muscles
  • observe skin colour
  • count number of times pt’s chest rises and falls for 1 full minute
  • cross the pt’s arm across the chest
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8
Q

Respiration of fewer than 10 breaths/min for an adult may result in:

A
  • cyanosis
  • apprehension
  • restlessness
  • change in level of consciousness (LOC)
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9
Q

Factors that affect respiration:

A
  • medication
  • illness and pathologies
  • exercise
  • age
  • emotion
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10
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing with fewer than 12 breaths per minute

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11
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, using more than the normal effort to breathe, abnormal respiration rate

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12
Q

Orthopnea

A

An abnormal condition in which a person to breath deeply or comfortably must sit or stand

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13
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing in excess of 20 breaths per minute

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14
Q

Body temperature

A

The physiologic balance between heat produced in the body (by chemical processes that result from metabolic activity) and heat lost to the environment

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15
Q

Pyrexia or fever

A

A pt whose body temp is elevated beyond normal limits

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16
Q

Hypothermia

A

A pt whose body temperature is below normal limits

17
Q

Factors that affect body temperature:

A
  • Environment: slightly higher in hot environment
  • Time of day: lower in the morning
  • Infection/disease/injury
  • Age: decreases slightly with age
  • Emotional status: increases with stress
  • Menstrual cycle: higher during time of ovulation
  • Physical activity: slight increase but plateaus
  • Site of measurement: oral vs. rectal
18
Q

Normal body temperatures for adults:

A
  • Oral: 37*C
  • Tympanic: 36.4*C
  • Rectal: 37.5*C
  • Axillary: 36.4-36.7*C

Allow for + or - 0.5-1*C variation

19
Q

Normal Body Temperature for children:

A
  • 3 months - 3 years: 37.2-37.7*C
  • 5 - 13 years: 36.7-37*C

Death can occur above and below normal temp.

20
Q

Body temperature locations (4):

A
  • Oral: not always appropriate. Depends on pt and their condition
  • Axillary: pt preferred, but it’s slower and less accurate
  • Rectal: accurate and faster but has pt contraindications
  • Tympanic and temporal artery: common for children and confused pts
21
Q

Oral

A
  • easily accessible site
  • should NOT be use for pts who:
    • may be injured during the procedure by biting on the thermometer
    • are unable to hold the thermometer under the tongue with closed lips for the specified period of time
22
Q

Axillary

A
  • safest method
  • non-invasive
  • commonly used for infants
  • somewhat unreliable (time and placement precision needed to be accurate
  • electronic, disposable or glass thermometer with a blunt tip may be used
23
Q

Rectal

A
  • provides most reliable reading
  • should not be used if the pt is restless or has rectal pathology
  • use thermometer with a blunt tip
  • least preferred method by the pt
24
Q

How to chart a temperature:

A 
Record the time and site it was taken. 
Oral - O
Axillary - AX
Tympanic - T
Rectal - R

Ex: a tympanic temp of 97.6* is written as 97.6 T

25
Q

Types of thermometers:

A
  1. Digital/electronic (used for oral, Axillary, and rectal)
  2. Tympanic
  3. Temporal artery
  4. Disposable (Primarily for children, ICU, and isolation pts. Consists of a strip of temperature sensitive paper with adhesive backing that may be attached to the forehead)
26
Q

Pulse and heart rate

A

Expulsion of blood when the left ventricle contracts - can be felt by holding an artery beneath the skin against a solid surface such as bone

27
Q

Factors affecting pulse rate:

A
  • age
  • gender
  • emotions
  • temperature
  • posture
  • activity
  • medication
  • stimulants
  • alcohol
  • music
28
Q

Pulse locations:

A
  • radial: most common site
  • carotid: next site if radial is difficult to count
  • femoral
  • brachial
  • temporal
  • dorsalis pedal
  • posterior tibial pulse
  • apical pulse
29
Q

Less common pulse sites:

A
  • temporal
  • popliteal
  • apical
30
Q

Conditions that increase a pt’s resting heart rate:

A
  • activity
  • fever
  • stress
  • hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism
  • anemia
  • stimulants
  • asthma
  • medications
  • diet pills
  • various forms of heart disease
  • heart medications
  • fitness programs with aerobic exercise
31
Q

Issues with heart rate:

A
  • weak pulse: a sign of a problem with the heart’s ability to pump as much blood as needed. May also be a sign of shock or a circulation problem, such as a partially blocked or narrowed blood vessel
  • weak/absent pulse in a leg: may be a sign of significant blood vessel disease in the leg (eg: peripheral arterial disease)
  • a healthy blood vessel feels soft when checking pulse. A hard blood vessel suggests hardening of the arteries (eg: atherosclerosis)
32
Q

Average adult pulse rate?

A

60-100 BPM

Patient Care 2 (7 decks)

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