PPE/Hazardous Materials Flashcards
sem 1
What percentage of freight trains carry hazardous materials?
Approximately 35% of freight trains are known to carry hazardous materials, posing risks during transit.
What percentage of transport vehicles are involved in hazardous materials movement?
10% of all transport vehicles are involved in the movement of hazardous materials, increasing the likelihood of exposure during emergency responses.
Why is awareness of hazardous materials crucial for emergency responders?
Awareness of hazardous materials is crucial for safety during all emergency calls.
What are the five primary pathways of exposure to hazardous materials?
Exposure to hazardous materials can occur through inhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption, and radiation.
What factors influence the severity of exposure to hazardous materials?
The severity of exposure is influenced by time of exposure, concentration of the material, and the dose received by the body.
What are acute and chronic effects of exposure to hazardous materials?
Acute effects manifest immediately or shortly after exposure, while chronic effects may develop over time, including serious conditions like cancer and respiratory diseases.
What are local and systemic effects of hazardous material exposure?
Local effects can include burns and swelling, while systemic effects may lead to organ failure and birth defects.
What are the four levels of protection for hazardous materials?
The four levels of protection are A, B, C, and D, based on respiratory and skin protection needs.
What does Level A protection include?
Level A provides the highest protection, including SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) and full protective gear, used when the material is identified.
What is the purpose of Level B protection?
Level B offers high respiratory protection but lesser skin protection, suitable when the chemical is not known to absorb through the skin.
When is Level C protection used?
Level C is used when the concentration and type of airborne substance are known, allowing for air-purifying respirators and coveralls.
What does Level D protection indicate?
Level D is the lowest level, indicating no hazards in the atmosphere, where basic protective gear is sufficient.
What should responders do in cases of unknown hazardous materials?
Responders should approach from upwind and maintain a safe distance (approximately 800 meters).
What is advised if hazardous or radioactive materials are suspected?
Withdrawal is advised until safety is confirmed.
What should responders do before attempting patient rescue in hazardous situations?
Do not attempt patient rescue until the area is deemed safe; initiate care and transport only when conditions allow.
What is hydrogen sulfide (H2S)?
Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic, flammable, and colorless gas that poses immediate dangers to life and health (IDLH) at levels of 100 parts-per-million (ppm).
What are the exposure limits for hydrogen sulfide?
Exposure limits for H2S include: 10 ppm (beginning of eye irritation), 50-100 ppm (slight conjunctivitis and respiratory irritation), 100 ppm (severe symptoms can develop), 500-700 ppm (loss of consciousness), and 1000-2000 ppm (immediate unconsciousness).
What immediate tasks should EMS personnel perform in a hazardous materials situation?
Isolate the area, identify the hazardous material from a safe distance, and recognize immediate dangers.
What is the importance of universal precautions in healthcare?
Universal Precautions involve assessing risks and implementing measures to reduce exposure to hazardous substances, including antineoplastic drugs.
What types of communicable diseases are there?
Types include bloodborne diseases (Hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS), respiratory diseases (TB, Influenza, Measles, COVID-19), and fecal-oral route diseases (Hepatitis A, C. Diff).
What are key prevention measures for communicable diseases?
Frequent hand washing, proper vaccinations, patient isolation, and use of protective equipment are essential.
What are the guidelines for using personal protective equipment (PPE)?
Always work from ‘clean to dirty’, change gloves if torn, and ensure masks cover the nose and mouth completely.
What rights do patients have regarding confidentiality?
Patients have the right to confidentiality regarding their health information; it cannot be disclosed without consent.
What responsibilities do employers have regarding hazardous materials?
Employers must provide training and equipment to prevent exposure to hazardous materials.
What are the primary routes of exposure to hazardous materials that emergency responders should be aware of?
The primary routes are inhalation, ingestion, injection, absorption, and radiation. These impact how emergency responders use protective equipment and respond to hazardous situations.
You arrive at a scene with a white tanker car marked ‘DUPX 80122’ and ‘T-PURE.’ What should be your initial concern, and what actions should you take?
The tanker may contain hazardous materials. Approach from upwind, maintain a safe distance (approx. 800 meters), and notify the CACC. Do not attempt patient rescue until the area is confirmed safe. Follow the appropriate level of protection based on the identified substance.
What is the highest level of protection (Level A) used for, and what does it include?
Level A is used for situations with unknown or highly hazardous materials. It includes Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), full protective clothing, and other gear to protect both respiratory and skin exposure.
You are called to a scene where a patient is suspected of being exposed to Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S). What are the immediate risks, and what precautions should you take?
H2S is a toxic, flammable gas that can cause rapid CNS and respiratory depression. Use SCBA and ensure you’re wearing full protective gear. Do not enter the area until it is deemed safe. Maintain a safe distance and continuously monitor H2S levels.
In what environments should emergency responders be particularly cautious regarding hazardous materials?
Schools, hospitals, public venues, and transport vehicles are common places where hazardous materials may be present, so emergency responders must stay aware of these potential risks during all calls.
A handwritten note at a scene warns of the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas. What should be your immediate response?
Do not enter the area. Notify the hazardous materials team and establish a safe perimeter. Ensure that SCBA and full protective gear are used before attempting any rescue or patient care.
What is the appropriate response protocol if you encounter an unknown hazardous material at a scene?
Approach from upwind, maintain a safe distance (approx. 800 meters), notify the CACC with placard numbers, and wait for confirmation of safety before initiating patient care. Follow decontamination procedures and MCI guidelines as necessary.
What is the recommended procedure if a vehicle is suspected to contain hydrogen sulfide based on signs like unconsciousness and a rotten egg odor?
Use SCBA and chemical protective clothing if needed. Ensure safe distance before attempting rescue, as H2S can cause olfactory fatigue and false senses of safety. Follow decontamination protocols after patient care.
What are the four levels of protection for emergency responders, and how do they differ?
Level A: Full protective gear, including SCBA (highest level, for unknown hazards).
Level B: High respiratory protection but less skin protection (used when material is unknown and not absorbed by the skin).
Level C: Air-purifying respirators and coveralls (used when airborne substance is known).
Level D: Basic protective gear (used when no hazards are present).
You are responding to a hazardous materials scene. What should you do first before entering the area?
Isolate the area, establish a safe perimeter, and ensure proper PPE is used. Do not rush into dangerous areas; prioritize safety and proper hazard identification.
What are the potential health effects of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) exposure at concentrations of 100 ppm or higher?
Exposure to 100 ppm H2S can cause severe symptoms, such as respiratory depression and central nervous system issues, potentially leading to death within 48 hours of prolonged exposure.
After being exposed to antineoplastic drugs (e.g., chemotherapy drugs), what should paramedics do to minimize risk?
Use universal precautions, including wearing gloves and gowns to prevent exposure to body fluids that may contain the drugs. Understand that exposure can cause skin irritation, headaches, and nausea.
What is the significance of universal precautions in protecting paramedics from hazardous materials and communicable diseases?
Universal precautions ensure paramedics use appropriate PPE to reduce the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and airborne diseases (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis, TB), enhancing their safety during patient care.
How does the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) benefit emergency medical services in hazardous situations?
PPE protects responders from exposure to hazardous materials, preventing contamination and protecting their health, enabling them to provide safe and effective care.
What are the primary types of communicable diseases that paramedics may encounter, and what preventive measures should be followed?
Bloodborne diseases (e.g., Hepatitis B/C, HIV), respiratory diseases (e.g., TB, COVID-19), and direct contact diseases (e.g., Scabies). Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, vaccinations, gloves, and masks.
