Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathomorph - CREDIT 2 > PP - Neoplasm intro > Flashcards

PP - Neoplasm intro Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia =

A

new growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is neoplasia?

A
  • an abnormal mass of tissue
  • the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after the cessation of the stimuli which evoked the changes which evoked the changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of non-epithelial tumors:

A
  • fibrous tissue - fibroma
  • bone - osteoma
  • vascular tissue - angioma
  • cartilage - chondroma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of epithelial tumors:

A
  • adenoma

* papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adenoma:

A
  • benign
  • epithelial neoplasm
  • produce gland patterns or derved from glands
  • cystadenoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cystadenoma:

A

adenoma with cyst formation (ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Papilloma:

A
  • benign
  • epithelial neoplasms
  • grows on any surface
  • produce finger-like projection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Non neoplastic instances with suffix -oma:

A
  • Hamartoma
  • Horistoma
  • malignant neoplasms (lymphoma, seminoma, melanoma, mesothelioma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give examples of malignant neoplasms:

A
  • lymphoma
  • seminoma
  • melanoma
  • mesothelioma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hamartoma:

A

malformation that presents a mass of disorganized tissue indigenous to the particular site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Horistoma:

A

congenital anomaly (heterotopic rests)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sarcomas have…..

A

mesenchymal origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

carcinomas have….

A

epithelial origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mesenchymal origin - sarcomas:

A
  • fibrous tissue origin - fibrosarcoma
  • chondrocytes origin - chondrosarcoma
  • vascular origin - angiosarcoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epithelial origin - carcinomas:

A
  • with glandular pattern-adenocarcinoma

* with squamous pattern - squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give examples of malignant neoplasms:

A
  • mesenchymal origin - sarcoma

* epithelial origin - carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anaplasia:

A

cells have poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells and their orientation with respect to each other and to endothelial cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between the morphology of the benign and the malignant neoplasm?

A

the benign one is well differentiated while the malignant one is anaplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is angiogenesis in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm?

A
  • benign: small

- malignant: numerous vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is heterogeneity in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm?

A
  • benign: small

- malignant: very big

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Local invasion in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm:

A
  • benign: no

- malignant: yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Distant metastasis in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm:

A
  • benign: no

- malignant: yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Angioinvasion in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm:

A
  • benign: no

- malignant: yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the growth in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm:

A
  • benign: slow

- malignant: rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Capsule in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm:

A
  • benign: almost always yes

- malignant: no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Local recurrence in benign neoplasm compared to the malignant neoplasm:

A
  • benign: no

- malignant: yes

27
Q

What are the pathways of disseminating:

A
  • lymphatic spread
  • hematogenous spread
  • seeding within body cavities
  • perineural spread
28
Q

What is a sentinal lymph node?

A
  • first lymph node in a regional lymphatic basin that recieves lymph flow from a primary tumor
  • can be used to plan treatment
29
Q

What is spreading by seeding?

A
  • it occurs when neoplasms invade natural body cavities

- cancers of the ovary which often widely covers the peritoneal surface

30
Q

Neoplasms of the CNS:

A

they may penetrate the cerebral ventricles and be carried by CSF to reimplant on the meningeal surfaces either within the brain or in the spinal cord

31
Q

Benign:

A
  • well differentiated cells that closely resemble their counterparts
  • mitosis are normal and are extremely scant
32
Q

Lipoma -

A

mature fat cells

33
Q

Chondroma -

A

mature cartilage

34
Q

Malignant:

A
  • wide range of parenchymal cell differentiation
  • from surprisingly well differentiated to completely undifferentiated (anaplastic).
  • between these two extremes: moderately differentiated
35
Q

Malignant:

A
  • wide range of parenchymal cell differentiation
36
Q

Examples of malignant tumors:

A
  • basal cell carcinoma

- pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland

37
Q

Dysplasia def:

A
  • the enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type, as a developmental disorder or an early stage in the development of cancer
  • don´t always progress to cancer
38
Q

What are the chances of malignant change in leiomyoma?

A

extremely rare

39
Q

Dysplasia =

A

intraepithelial neoplasia

40
Q

Dysplasia =

A

intraepithelial neoplasia

41
Q

Carcinoma in situ:

A

when dysplastic changes are marked and involve the entire thickness of the epithelium

42
Q

Cachexia:

A

general physical wasting and malnutrition usually associated with chronic disease.

43
Q

What can small bile duct carcinoma lead to?

A

jaundice

44
Q

What does TNF do?

A
  • suppresses the apatite

- inhibits the action of lipoprotein lipase

45
Q

Cancer cachexia def:

A
  • progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass,
  • accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia and anemia
  • NOT caused by reduced food intake but by cytokines released by the tumor or the host
  • no satisfactory treatment
46
Q

Protein-mobilizing factor (proteolysis-inducing factor):

A

break down of skeletal muscle proteins by ubiquitin-proteosome pathway

47
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes def:

A
  • symptoms that occur in patient with cancer but without an explanation of why it occurs with certain cancer types
  • 10-15% of patient with cancers
48
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes mechanisms:

A
  • abnormal hormone production
  • immunologic response
  • hypercoaguability
  • unknown
49
Q

Abnormal hormone production:

A
  • Cushing syndrome
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Polycythemia
  • Carcinoid syndrome
50
Q

Polycythemia def:

A

an abnormally increased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, either through reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers.

51
Q

Cushing syndrome:

A

(ACTH, ACTH-like substance)

  • small cell cancer of the lung
  • pancreatic cancer
  • neural tumor
52
Q

Hypoglycemia:

A

(insulin, insulin-like substance)

  • hepatocellular cancer
  • mesenchymal sarcomas
  • fibrosarcomas
53
Q

Hypercalcemia:

A
  • squamous cell cancer of the lung
  • breast cancer
  • renal cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
54
Q

Polycythemia:

A

(erythropoietin)

  • renal cancer
  • hepatocellular cancer
  • cerebellar heamangioma
55
Q

Carcinoid syndrome:

A

(serotonin, bradykinin

  • bronchial adenoma
  • pancratic cancer
  • gastric cancer
56
Q

Immunologic mechanism:

A
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Myasthenia
  • Disorders in the peripheral and central nervous system
57
Q

Nephrotic syndrome:

A

various cancers

58
Q

Dermatomyositis:

A
  • bronchogenic cancer

- breast cancer

59
Q

Acanthosis nigricans:

A
  • gastric cancer
  • lung gastric cancer
  • uterine cancer
60
Q

Myasthenia:

A

bronchogenic cancer

61
Q

Disorders in the peripheral and central nervous system:

A

breast cancer

62
Q

What categories can we divide hereditary forms of cancer?

A
  • inherited cancer syndromes (autosomal dominant)
  • familial cancers
  • inherited autosomal recessive syndromes of defective DNA repair
63
Q

Inherited cancer syndromes (autosomal dominant)

A

most commonly germ-line mutation of cancer suppressor gene

64
Q

Inherited autosomal recessive syndromes of defective DNA repair

A

connected with chromosomal or DNA instability

Pathomorph - CREDIT 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions