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Pathomorph - CREDIT 2 > Ch 23 - Skin tumors > Flashcards

Ch 23 - Skin tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Seborrheic keratosis:

A
  • common pigmented epidermal tumor

- middle-aged or older persons

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2
Q

Where are the seborrheic keratosis located?

A
  • trunk (most numerous)
  • extremeties
  • head
  • neck
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3
Q

Seborrheic keratosis appearance:

A
  • round, exophytic, coin-like plaques
  • have a “stuck-on” appearance
  • monotonous sheets of small cells that resemble the basal cells of the normal epidermis
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4
Q

What occurs on the surface of seborrheic keratosis? aka their characteristic features.

A
  • hyperkeratosis
  • presence of small keratin-filled cysts (horn cysts) and downgrowth of keratin into the main tumor mass (pseudo-horn cysts)
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5
Q

What is the color of seborrheic keratosis?

A
  • tan to dark brown
  • have velvety- to granular appearing surface
  • the dark color suggests melanoma, leading to surgical removal
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6
Q

Actinic keratosis:

A
  • overt malignancy of the epidermis (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)
  • dysplastic changes
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7
Q

What is results into actinic keratosis?

A
  • chronic exposure to sunlight
  • associated with hyperkeratosis
  • TP53 mutations caused by UV light-induced DNA damage
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8
Q

What is the size of actinic keratosis?

A

less than 1cm in diameter

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9
Q

What is he color of actinic keratosis?

A
  • brown or red in color
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10
Q

Actinic keratosis appearance:

A
  • rough (sand-paper like) to the touch

- infrequently progress to carcinoma in situ

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11
Q

What does the dermis contain in actinic keratosis?

A
  • thickened blue-gray elastic fibers (solar elastosis), the result of chronic sun damage
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12
Q

How is the stratum corneum in actinic keratosis?

A

thickened with retained nuclei (parakeratosis)

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13
Q

How are the lower portions of epidermis in actinic keratosis?

A

lower portions of epidermis show CYTOLOGIC ATYPIA (caused by sun exposure), often associated with hyperplasia of basal cells or with atrophy and diffuse thinning of the epidermal surface

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14
Q

In who are actinic keratosis most common?

A
  • fair-skinned people

- increase incidence with age and sun exposure

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15
Q

Actinic keratosis treatment:

A
  • local crytherapy (superficial freezing)

- topical agents

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16
Q

Give examples of benign and premalignant epithelial lesions:

A
  • seborrheic keratosis

- actinic keratosis

17
Q

Give examples of malignant epithelial tumors:

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma

- basal cell carcinoma

18
Q

What is a common tumor arising on sun exposed sites in older people?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

19
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma frequency:

A
  • more men than women
20
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma predisposing factors:

A
  • sunlight
  • chronic ulcers
  • old burn scars
  • ingestion of aresenicals
21
Q

What is the most common exogenous cause of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

UV light exposure

22
Q

Other causes, than UV light-induced exposure, that are reasons of squamous cell carcinoma:

A
  • TP53 mutations caused by UV light-induced DNA damage
  • activating mutations in HRAS and loss-of-function in Notch receptors, which transmit signals that regulate the orderly differentiation of normal squamous epithelia
23
Q

How does the UV light (UVB in particular) have transient immunosuppressive effect on skin?

A

by weakening impairing antigen presentation by Langerhans cells

24
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A
  • common slow-growing cancer that rarely metastasize
25
Q

Where does basal cell carcinoma occur?

A
  • at sites subject to chronic sun exposure

- lightly pigmented individuals

26
Q

What is ybasal cell carcinoma associated with?

A

dysregulation of Hedgehog pathway

27
Q

What can cause familial basal cell carcinoma in Gorlin syndrome?

A

inherited defects in the PTCH gene, a tumor suppressor that regulates Hedgehog pathway signaling

28
Q

What can be mutated in sporadic basal cell carcinoma?

A

some components of hedgehog pathway

29
Q

What type of mutation can occur in both familial and sporadic basal cell carcinoma?

A

mutation in TP53

30
Q

STOPPED ON PAGE 864

A

MORPHOLOGY

Pathomorph - CREDIT 2 (9 decks)

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