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AVBS3001- Virology > Poxviridae > Flashcards

Poxviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Poxviridae is the

A

largest virus (oval brick shape) of dsDNA

  • enveloped however breaks a lot of rules
  • can survive in environment
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2
Q

What makes poxviridae unusal?

A
  • It is the only DNA virus to replicate in the cytoplasm (cytoplasmic inclusion bodies)
  • released from cells by budding rather than lysis
  • considerable serological cross-reactivity within genus
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3
Q

Orthopoxvirus

A
  • Smallpox
  • Vaccinia
  • cowpox
  • camelpox
  • mousepox
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4
Q

Parapoxvirus

A
  • Orf
  • pseudocowpox
  • bovine popular stomatitis virus
  • crocodile and caiman poc
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5
Q

Orf

A

Scabby mouth; eyelids, lower legs teats

- lesions of muzzle and lp

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6
Q

Pseudocowpox

A
  • horshoe or ring scab on teats
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7
Q

Capripoxvirus

A
  • sheeppox and goatpox
  • Neethling virus
  • Swinepox
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8
Q

Sheeppox and goatpox

A
  • viraemia

- exotic to Oz

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9
Q

Neethling virus

A
  • Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) in cattle
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10
Q

Suipoxvirus- Swinepox

A
  • mild skin lesions in pigs, sporadic outbreaks
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11
Q

Leporipoxvirus

A

Myxomavirus: myxomatosis

  • biological rabbit control
  • swelling and fever- viraemia
  • spread through biting arthropods
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12
Q

Avipoxvirus

A

Fowlpox

  • papules on comb, wattle and around beak (drypox)
  • mucous membrane of mouth, pharynx and trachea (wetpox)
  • serious disease of poultry in aus
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13
Q

Pathogenesis of poxviruses

A
  • contagious
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14
Q

Poxviruses are spread between animals by:

A
  1. Small abrasions (direct contact, indirect from contaminated environments or fomites. biting arthropods)
  2. Aerosols (droplets infected by respiratory route)
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15
Q

All poxviruses cause

A

SKIN LESIONS

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16
Q

Virions are relseased via

A
  1. Enveloped virions –> budding
  2. Non-enveloped virions –> exocytosis or cell lysis
    - cellular and humoral immunity important
17
Q

For most enveloped viruses, what type of vaccines are required?

A

Live vaccines

18
Q

Diagnostics of poxviruses

A
  • clinical appearance
  • histopathology
  • isolation of virus in cell culture
  • PCR
  • EM
19
Q

Myxoma virus

A

Fatality rate was 99% dropped to 50% due to genetic resistant population pools. So RHDV released as another biological control

20
Q

Pathogenesis myxomatosis

A
  1. Virus is transmitted between animals mechanically on mouthparts of mosquitoes and fleas
  2. Virus replicates on skin then goes to lymph nodes and then viraemia is mainly cell associated
21
Q

Myxomatosis vaccination

A
  • only for commercial and lab rabbits
  • live modified vaccine; fear this will enter feral population and reduce overall efficacy of virus as biological control
  • not permitted for pet rabbits
22
Q

Myxomatosis ectoparasite control

A
  • co proofing ntrol of flea infestation and insect
23
Q

Scabby mouth (Orf)

A
  • sheep and goats
  • mostly young
  • pustular dermatitis; contagious, lip and muzzle scabs
  • zoonotic
24
Q

Scabby mouth epidemiology

A
  • direct and indirect contact
  • stable in dry env
  • scabs `is rich infectious source- virus can survive years in scab material
  • requires skin abrasions
25
Q

Predisposing factors of scabby mouth

A
  • contaminated feed, communal feed trough
  • rough forage
  • overcrowding and stress
  • hygiene
26
Q

Pathogenesis of scabby mouth

A
  1. Popular lesion–> vesicles–> pustules–> scabs
    - death only occurs due to starvation
    - heals usually in 4 weeks
27
Q

scabby mouth immunity

A
  • can be infected again however lesions less severe and heal more rapidly
  • humoral and cell mediated needed
28
Q

Scabby mouth diagnosis

A
  • clinical lesions

- EM for evidence of virus in scabs

29
Q

Scabby mouth treatment control

A 
- no specific treatment
Vaccine: if endemic
- given 8 weeks prior to lambing
- prior to marking/docking/mulsing
- Enhanced hygiene, disinfect
- isolation of suspect cases
- cull chronics
- quarantine new arrvals
- screening
- avoid course feed
30
Q

What can be done to reduce scabby mouth risk in live animal export?

A
  • vaccinate 4-8 weeks prior to boarding
  • enhance screening and surveillance prior to boarding; on farm or in holding facilities prior to boarding
  • reduce numbers/stocking density per ship load

AVBS3001- Virology (10 decks)

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