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AVBS3001- Virology > Parvoviridae & Papillamoviridae > Flashcards

Parvoviridae & Papillamoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Parvoviridae is a

A

ssDNA virus, non-enveloped with icosahedral symmetry

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2
Q

Parvoviridae only replicates in the

A

nucleus of dividing cells (intranuclear inclusion bodies)

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3
Q

Canine parvovirus causes

A

highly contagious enteric disease

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4
Q

Porcine parvovirus causes

A

SMEDI (still births, mummified foetus, embryonic deaths, infertility)

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5
Q

Bovine parvovirus causes

A

sporadic outbreaks of diarrhoea in calves

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6
Q

Parvovirus enters via

A

nasal/oral route; replictes initially in oropharyngeal and intestinal lymphoid before viraemia occurs

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7
Q

Critical requirement of replication of parvovirus

A
  • Dividing cells
  • Host DNA replication machinery
  • replication in nucleus and leaves intranuclear inclusion body
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8
Q

Why are newborns and fetuses most susceptible to parvovirus? (but affects all ages)

A

They have lots of cell division in many organs with widespread disease consequences. Older animals have a narrower tissue range

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9
Q

Parvovirus immunity

A
  • Rapid immune response to infection
  • Maternal antibody transfers via colostrum and protects newborn (lasts 5-20 weeks)
  • killed and live vaccines available for cats and dogs
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10
Q

Parvovirus diagnose

A
  • parvovirus antigen in faecal, tissue or blood samples
  • Haemagglutination
  • ELISA/ rapid immunomigration assay
  • detection of antibody not recommended
  • PCR
  • immunohistochemistry
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11
Q

Porcine parvovirus: carrier boars can

A

disseminate virus in semen

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12
Q

Porcine parvovirus: Infected pigs develops a viraemia and sheds virus in

A

oral secretions and faeces. This can persist in environment and contaminated premises serve as source of infection

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13
Q

Porcine parvovirus pathogenesis

A
  1. infected pig develops viramia without clinical disease or obvious lesions (and develop strong humoral immune response)
  2. Reproductive disease occurs when seronegative sows are exposed to virus during gestation, SMEDI
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14
Q

Porcine parvovirus: prevention and control for endemic farms:

A
  1. Vaccination of breeding gilrs (virgin sows) and susceptible sows prior to mating; prevents viraemia and virus reaching fetus
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15
Q

Porcine parvovirus: prevention and control for non-endemic farm

A

Biosecurity

  1. Quarantine and screening of breeding stock
  2. Antibody/antigen testing
  3. treatment and separation of infected animal waste
  4. control human movement and reduce contamination of clothes and equipment (footbaths, change clothes)
  5. All-in/All-out; disinfect before restocking
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16
Q

Papillamoviridae is a

A

non-enveloped dsDNA virus w icosahedral symmetry

  • loves epithelial cells
  • usually host specific (contagious within species but not usually between species)
  • unable to grow in cell culture
17
Q

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) Types 1 and 2

A
  • papillomas in young cattle (head, neck, penis)

- equine sarcoids

18
Q

Bovine papillomavirus Type 3

A

Cutaneous papillomas

19
Q

Bovine papillomavirus Type 4

A

Alimentary tract papillomas

20
Q

Type 5 and 6

A

teat papillomas

21
Q

Equine papillomavirus (EPV)

A

lips and muzzle in young horses

22
Q

Papillomavirus predisposing factors

A
  • Age: young more susceptible than old

- breaks in host defences

23
Q

Papillomavirus pathogenesis

A
  1. Accessed via abrasion in skin and into actively dividing basal cells of squamous epithelium
  2. Viral gene products induce hyperplasia of epithelium–> increased basal division and maturation of cells in deeper layers
  3. Cells mass into papilloma (WART)
  4. large number of virions shed in exfoliated cells
  5. Can spread to different locations in animals
  6. Can spread to other same species hosts (breaks in skin needed(=)
24
Q

Disease is self limiting:

A
  • resolves over time (up to 1 yr) through cell mediated immunity
  • Recovered animals often immune to re-infection however not true for BPV1 and 2 in horses
25
Q

Papillamovairus diagnosis

A
  • Clinical appearance, histopathology, EM to look for virus in tissue PCR, cant culture
26
Q

Equine sarcoids are caused by

A

BPV types 1 or 2

27
Q

Equine sarcoid causes

A

locally invasive dermal fibroblastic skin tumour which do not regress

28
Q

Equine sarcoids stimulates excessive growth by

A 
inhibiting cell cycle control and intracellular signalling
- MHC class I molecules retained intracellularly which evade cytotoxic T cell responses
29
Q

Equine sarcoids Host factors

A
  1. Age range 2-6 yrs
  2. Breed deposition
  3. Genetic susceptibility
  4. Abscence of antibody production/ immune recognition
30
Q

Equine sarcoids Diagnosis

A
  1. Biopsy & histopathology

2. PCR, qPCR

31
Q

Equine sarcoids treatment

A
  1. surgical excision

2. freezing

AVBS3001- Virology (10 decks)

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