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International Relations MidTerm + Politics end of sem 2017 > Powerpoints > Flashcards

Powerpoints Flashcards

1
Q

What is Dahl’s hierarchy of “influence terms”?

A
  1. Rational persuasion (convince someone to stop doing something: heroin) 2. Manipulative persuasion (mislead) 3. Inducement (offer reward/punishment) 4. Power (threaten sever punishment) 5. Coercion (power with no other way) 6. Physical force
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2
Q

What are Luke’s three faces of power?

A

Decision making power: Use of force, mutual gain exchanges, creation of obligation/loyalty, whoever wins the argument has the power •Agenda setting (non-decision making) •Ideological power/ability to shape people’s private desires

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3
Q

What are the three types of “legitimate” rule through authority?

A
  1. Traditional 2. Charismatic: obedience through inspiration and psychological domination 3. Legal-rational: obedience to uniform and codified set of principals/rules/laws which benefit those who are subjected to it
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4
Q

What are the different types of sovereignty?

A

Popular, Parliamentary and Personal

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5
Q

What are the two methods of natural citizenship?

A
  1. Birth 2. Blood
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6
Q

What is the difference between a state and a nation?

A

A state exists when a sovereign power rules over a population residing within the boundaries of a fixed territory whereas a nation is an identity shared by a no. of people based on collective factors

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7
Q

What is a Nation-state?

A

A state with a single, predominate national identity ex. Iceland, Sweden

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8
Q

What are binational or multinational states?

A

Two or more nations exist under a single government ex. Canada

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9
Q

What are civic nations?

A

Identity that depends primarily on acceptance of political order

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10
Q

What are ethnic nations?

A

Identity depends on objective factors such as language or religion

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11
Q

What is realism?

A

A theory where the international system is understood as: self-help, lack of trust and dependent on one’s military power

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12
Q

What is the security dilemma?

A

Trying to make yourself more secure, leads to less security ex. arms race

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13
Q

What is a public or collective good?

A

An indivisible “thing” that is supplied jointly to all potential users ex. Lighthouse

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14
Q

What is a pure public good?

A

A “thing” that can be used by one person without reducing anyone else’s utility ex. Fireworks

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15
Q

What is a private good?

A

a “thing” that can be used by one person: is both excludable and rivalrous ex iPad

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16
Q

What are the three types of public goods?

A
  1. Network 2. Pure 3. Rival
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17
Q

What are network goods?

A

They can give higher benefits to each user the higher the number of users ex. Languages, currencies, internet

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18
Q

What are pure public goods?

A

They can be used by more people without reducing other people’s utility ex. National defence, advances in knowledge

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19
Q

What are rival public goods?

A

The addition of users can diminish or even eliminate the utility of other users ex. clean air, water, roads, hospitals

20
Q

What are club goods?

A

Involve tolls or fees

21
Q

What are common goods?

A

Rival or contestable public goods that are not excludable ex. clean air, water pools, fisheries, forests

22
Q

What is tragedy of the commons?

A

Individuals acting independently and rationale according to self interest behave contrary to the groups long term best interests

23
Q

What does the provision of public good require?

A

Cooperation or coercion by means of collective action or effective government

24
Q

What are the four requirements of collective action?

A
  1. size of group 2. common interest 3. provision of goods 4. trust
25
Q

What is the collective action function?

A

R = B x P - C + D (Reward of participating in action = benefits or access to public good multiplied by probability to obtain said good minus the cost of action plus selective incentives)

26
Q

What is nash equilibrium?

A

A set of strategies in a game such that no player has an incentive to unilaterally change her mind given what other players are doing

27
Q

What are payoffs?

A

The rewards that are associated with each outcome of the game. An important rule of the game is that players prefer higher payoffs to lower payoffs

28
Q

What are extensive form games?

A

Players make their moves sequentially, like chess

29
Q

What are normal strategic form games?

A

Players make moves simultaneously like rock/paper/scissors

30
Q

What are the three types of dictatorships?

A

Despotism, Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism

31
Q

What is Despotism?

A

Rule by personalistic tyrant or military junta, deprived of ideology and prone to arbitrariness, more likely in single crop economies with great social polarisation (Ancient Egypt and China)

32
Q

What is the difference between absolute monarch and despot?

A

absolute monarch governs with absolute power with fixed and established laws; despots govern by their own will

33
Q

What is authoritarianism?

A

A system of government in which leaders are not subjected to the test of free elections. Can take many forms: civilian, military, secular, religious. Rule by means of repression and control

34
Q

What is totalitarianism?

A

A modern form of despotic rule where the state undertakes to remake society according to an ideological design. Single party rule, control over all the public and private aspects of life + use of widespread terror

35
Q

What is multilevel governance?

A

Multiple levels of government can offer different public goods and services at different territorial scales. Small: city. Medium: sub-territorial unit. Large: state. V large: empire

36
Q

What are the different types of Governmental structure?

A
  1. Unitary (one level ex. UK, NZ, France) 2. Federal (two levels ex. Canada, Australia, USA) 3. Confederal (balance of power with constituents ex. EU, USA (pre 1787)
37
Q

What are unitary systems of governance?

A

A single sovereign govt. rules the country. All power is concentrated on one level of govt. Sub-levels of govt. can be created, abolished, expanded and retracted by the central authority

38
Q

What are devolution systems of government?

A

Those in which the central government devolves (or gives) power to regional governments, subject to its overriding control ex. Scotland and Wales

39
Q

What are the five features of federalism?

A
  1. a combination of shared rule and local self rule 2. constitutionally protected autonomy of each level of government 3. a written constitution and a supreme court that acts as an umpire of jurisdiction disputes 4. constitutional amending formula 5. central govt. has constituent part representation
40
Q

What are con-federal systems?

A

A permanent union of sovereign states retain sovereignty. defence, currency, trade ex. EU

41
Q

What are the three parts of Australia’s executive?

A
  1. Formal: the crown/GG 2. Political: the PM and Cabinet 3. Permanent: The public service
42
Q

What are the roles of the HoR?

A
  1. legislates 2. sets political agenda 3. legitimises government decisions 4. integrates and represents the political community 5. helps maintain the political system
43
Q

What are the aspects of a presidential system?

A
  1. President 2. Cabinet 3. Congress (HoR and Senate) 4. Judiciary
44
Q

What is the electoral college?

A

Formal body that chooses the president of the US (270/538) indirect election. Upstanding citizens chosen by voters in the state determined by the total number of congressmen and senators in the state

45
Q

Difference between presidential and parliamentary systems

A
  1. Presidents appoint more non-partisans to the cabinet + don’t have to rely on legislative majority to remain in office #more flexibility 2. Lower cabinet proportionality than parliamentary systems
46
Q

What are semi-presidential democracies?

A

The government depends on a legislative majority and the head of state is popularly elected

47
Q

What are the two types of semi-presidential democracy?

A
  1. Premier-presidential and 2. President-parliamentary

International Relations MidTerm + Politics end of sem 2017 (10 decks)

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