Chap 9+10 Definitions

Question 1

Activists

Answer 1

Voluntary contributors to the party; also called ‘militants’

Question 2

Cadre party

Answer 2

Party with low membership dominated by professional politicians

Question 3

Endogenous party

Answer 3

a party formed from inside elections ad assemblies

Question 4

Exogenous party

Answer 4

A party formed from outside existing institutions with support of previously existing groups

Question 5

Firm, or cartel, party

Answer 5

Party with low membership relying heavily on state resources and the media

Question 6

Mass party

Answer 6

Party with broad membership with high internal participation

Question 7

Militant party

Answer 7

Party with low membership with high internal participation

Question 8

Office-seeking

Answer 8

A politician’s motivation for running for office

Question 9

Oligarchy

Answer 9

Dominating professional politicians within a party

Question 10

Policy-seeking

Answer 10

An activist’s or interest group’s motivation for supporting a party

Question 11

Political party

Answer 11

An organisation to compete for power and provide public policy

Question 12

Politicians

Answer 12

Candidates and officeholders making a living off politics

Question 13

Vote-seeking

Answer 13

A politicians’ motivation for running for election

Question 14

Convergence

Answer 14

A strategy by which parties approach each other around the median voter’s position in the policy or ideology space

Question 15

Distance

Answer 15

Spartial representation of difference between voters’ preference and policy proposals or ‘positions’

Question 16

Distribution of preferences

Answer 16

A set of probabilities of having a voter at every ideal point

Question 17

Ideal point

Answer 17

A voter’s preferred policy position

Question 18

Incumbent advantage

Answer 18

Asymmetry in electoral competition between the government and the opposition

Question 19

Median voter

Answer 19

The voter with fewer than half of voters’ ideal points on each side in the policy space

Question 20

Party identification

Answer 20

Voter’s motivation to vote for a party on past performance rather than current issues

Question 21

Status quo

Answer 21

The existing policy, which is the usual reference for alternative proposals

Question 22

Voter’s curve of preference

Answer 22

On a single dimension, a single-peaked, symmetrical shape around the voter’s ideal point