Powerpoints 22, 23, 24, & 25 Flashcards
What is a consort? What does it mean if a consort is “broken”? “Whole” consort?
A consort is a family of instruments.
Whole: an ensemble containing only one type of consort
Broken: multiple consorts in one ensemble
What is the difference between a “high” and “low” instrument?
High instrument: louder, intended for outdoor use
Low instrument: softer, intended for inside use
Why was there so few notated instrumental music up until the mid-16th century?
Musicians played from memory or improvised.
Musicians adapted vocal repertoires for instrumental performance.
List 4 keyboard instruments that had a repertory of notated Renaissance music.
Harpsichord.
Virginal.
Spinet.
Clavichord.
List instrumental genres popular during the Renaissance.
Dance music: basse danse, pavane, galliard.
Intabulations.
Variations.
Improvisatory keyboard genres: prelude, fantasia, ricercar, toccata.
Canzona.
What was significant about the Church of St. Mark, and who was employed as choirmaster?
Venice was an independent state with its own empire, headed by an elected “doge”.
Chief port for European trade with the Eastern world.
1568: Permanent ensemble of instrumentalists.
Andrea Gabrieli, uncle of Giovanni Gabrieli.
What is noteworthy of Giovanni Gabrieli?
Studied with Orlande de Lassus.
Appointed second organist at St. Mark’s; duties included supervision of St. Mark’s instrumentalists.
> GENRE: polychoral motet; works for multiple “choirs” of voices and/or instruments, explored style in vocal motets as well as instrumental canzonas and sonatas.
List genres for amateur performers and countries they originated from. What are common characteristics they share?
Spain: villancio.
Italy: frottola, balletto, villanella, canzonetta.
France: chanson.
England: ballett, canzonet.
> TRAITS: strophic texts, homophonic, dance-like rhythms.
What was the aim or intention of the Madrigal?
Music as a dramatic art.
The emotions expressed must correspond to those of the text being set.
Sung for the enjoyment of the singers themselves.
Term used from 1530 on.
What are some characteristics of Madrigals?
Through-composed setting of a single stanza of poetry.
Word painting - would not know until performance of Madrigal.
> MUSICAL FORM: series of sections each based on a single line of text.
Instrumental doublings/replacements possible BUT not preferred.
Sung by mixed groups of men AND women.
Extremely popular, 2000 collections of madrigals between 1530-1600.
What is noteworthy of Carlo Gesualdo?
Murdered his wife and her lover when he found them sleeping together.
Published books of madrigals, slowly growing more contemporary and experimental.
Composed madrigals in style of Mannerism.
