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introduction to metabolism for sports & exercise science > powerpoint 3 > Flashcards

powerpoint 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does insulin do to blood glucose

A

Decreases it

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2
Q

Where is insulin from

A

Pancreas

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3
Q

Where does insulin target

A

Liver, muscle, adipose tissue

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4
Q

What does insulin do to glucose and glycogen and glucogenesis

A

Increase glucose uptake by the muscles
Increase glycogen synthesis
Supressesglucogenesisi

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5
Q

Glycagon does what to blood glucose

A

Increases bloos glucose

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6
Q

Where is glucagon is from where after blood glucose fulls

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

Where does the glucagon target

A

Liver, muscle , adipose tissue

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8
Q

What is the result of glucagon

A

Increases glycogon in liver and releaseglucose into the blood and increase glucogeogenesis

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9
Q

What happens to blood glucose with adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

Increases blood glucose

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10
Q

Adrenaline and noradrenaline is from where

A

Adrenal glands and nerve endings

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11
Q

Adrenaline and noradrenaline target

A

Liver and muscle

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12
Q

The casues of andrenaline and noradrenaline glycogen

A

Increases glycogen breakdown in liver and releases of glucose goes into the blood

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13
Q

Cortisol from the adrenal glands casue to the blood glucose

A

Increases blood glucose

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14
Q

Cortisol targets what

A

Liver and muscles

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15
Q

What are the effects of cortisol with gluconeogenesis and glucose

A

Increase gluconeogenesis

Decrease glucose

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16
Q

What are the effects of growth hornome on blood glucose

A

Increase blood glucose

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17
Q

Where does the growth hormone target

A

Liver muscles adipose tissue

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18
Q

What are the causes of growth hormone

A

Decrease in glucose uptake by muscles and an increase glucose output by liver

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19
Q

What is hyperglycaemia

A

To much glucose in blood

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20
Q

What stimulates the production of glycogen by permitting glucose to entry into liver

A

Insulin

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21
Q

What is hypoglycaemia

A

Too little glucose in blood

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22
Q

What is diabetes

A

A syndrome casued by a lack of diminished effectiveness of endrogenous insulin
Disorder is characterised by hyperglycemia and deranged metabolism

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23
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes

A

Insulin dependant

Non insulin dependant

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24
Q

What is type 1 diabeties

A

Juvinile onset is typical and may be associated with other autoimmune disease

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25
Q

What do type 1 diabeteies sufferers need

A

Insulin

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26
Q

What is type 2 diabeties

A

Typically occurs in older age groups and with soem obese paitents it can develop at any age

27
Q

What is type 2 diabeties due to

A

It is due to impared insulin production or insulin resistance

28
Q

Type 2 diabeties pacient need insulin yes/ no

A

Some do about 20%

29
Q

How do we test for diabetes

A

Oral glucose test

30
Q

What is the precedure for the oral glucose test

A

Fast pacient overnight then give then 75g of glucose and 300ml of water then measures venous plasma glucose level before and two hours after drinking water

31
Q

What does fasting do to metabolic rate

A

It slows down

32
Q

what happens to the insulin level while fasting

A

Decreases levels stimulating gluconeogenesis

33
Q

Proteins will be used for fuel when fasting untill the body can do what

A

Untill they would use ketones for fuel

34
Q

Sodium and potassium can deplete when fasting due to

A

Excretion of ketones via urine

35
Q

however when the bodies production is depleted to lower than half then what can heppen when you are fasting

A

Results in death

36
Q

What does feasting do to glycogen

A

It maximize glycogen stores

37
Q

Does excess protein help with muscle development

A

No

38
Q

What can excess protein result in the body

A

Amino acid pools

39
Q

Excess fat results in

A

A storage of adipose tissue

40
Q

What does fuel for exercise depend on

A

Intensity and duration

41
Q

Carbohydrates are used for what during exercise fuel

A

Blood glucose and muscle glucose

42
Q

Fats are used for what during exercise fuel

A

Plasma FFA and Intramuscular triglycerides

43
Q

Proteins are used for what during exercise fuel

A

Only a small contribution to total energy production only 2%

44
Q

Blood lactate used for what during exercise fuel

A

Glucneogenesis via the cori cycle

45
Q

What are 3 eneegy system used in sprinting in order of use

A

ATP/PCr , glycolysis, soemaerobic contribution

46
Q

What aew 3 energy systems used in team games in order of use

A

PCr, glycolysis, aerobic metabolism

47
Q

What system is used for short term high intensity work

A

Anaerobic system

48
Q

What system is used for long term moderate intensity work

A

Aerobic system

49
Q

What are the main factors tha need to be considered when using different places for energy

A

Intensity and duration

50
Q

As exercise intensity increases there is an increase in ………….. metabolism and decrease in …… metabolism

A

Carbohydrate and fat respectively

51
Q

What are the 2 factors involved when they have to shift form fats to cards

A

Recruitment of fast twitch fibres

Increase lood levels of adrenaline

52
Q

Muscle glucogen is more important at what type of intensity

A

Higher

53
Q

Fats energy solution is slow and will not substain what

A

Exerise over 60% of vo2 max

54
Q

What fibre types metabolise carbs better

A

Fast twitch

55
Q

As there is a higher amount of adrenaline in the blood wha increase due to this

A

Increased muscle glycogen

56
Q

During low intensity exercise what metabolism are used

A

Carbohydrate towards fats

57
Q

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides

A

lipase

58
Q

Lipase are stimulated by what

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

59
Q

RER is what

A

A ratio between VCO2/VO2

60
Q

Name 2 changes in anaerobic systems when training it

A

Increases level of aerobic substances
Increased quanitity and activity of key emzymes that control the anaerobic phase of glucose catabolism
Increased capacity to generate high levels of blood lactate during all out exercise

61
Q

For anaerobic system during training what can it result in

A

Increased levels of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes

Improved motivation and tolerance to pain in fatigueing physical activiy

62
Q

What are 2 factors that contribute to heightened training including increases lipolysis (aerobic system)

A
  • greater blood flow within training muscle
  • more fat-mobilization and fat metabolizing capacity
  • enhanced muscle mitochdrial respiratory capacity
  • decreased catecholamine release for the same absolute power output
63
Q

Short duration and high intensity exercise causes what to happen

A

PCr depletion
Metabolic by production so there is an increase in lactate
Decrease in PH
Decrease rate of glycolysis

64
Q

Prolonged exercise causes what to happen

A

Glycogen depletion

Liver glycogen decreases as well decreasing muscle uptake of glucose

introduction to metabolism for sports & exercise science (3 decks)

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