powerpoint 3 Flashcards
What does insulin do to blood glucose
Decreases it
Where is insulin from
Pancreas
Where does insulin target
Liver, muscle, adipose tissue
What does insulin do to glucose and glycogen and glucogenesis
Increase glucose uptake by the muscles
Increase glycogen synthesis
Supressesglucogenesisi
Glycagon does what to blood glucose
Increases bloos glucose
Where is glucagon is from where after blood glucose fulls
Pancreas
Where does the glucagon target
Liver, muscle , adipose tissue
What is the result of glucagon
Increases glycogon in liver and releaseglucose into the blood and increase glucogeogenesis
What happens to blood glucose with adrenaline and noradrenaline
Increases blood glucose
Adrenaline and noradrenaline is from where
Adrenal glands and nerve endings
Adrenaline and noradrenaline target
Liver and muscle
The casues of andrenaline and noradrenaline glycogen
Increases glycogen breakdown in liver and releases of glucose goes into the blood
Cortisol from the adrenal glands casue to the blood glucose
Increases blood glucose
Cortisol targets what
Liver and muscles
What are the effects of cortisol with gluconeogenesis and glucose
Increase gluconeogenesis
Decrease glucose
What are the effects of growth hornome on blood glucose
Increase blood glucose
Where does the growth hormone target
Liver muscles adipose tissue
What are the causes of growth hormone
Decrease in glucose uptake by muscles and an increase glucose output by liver
What is hyperglycaemia
To much glucose in blood
What stimulates the production of glycogen by permitting glucose to entry into liver
Insulin
What is hypoglycaemia
Too little glucose in blood
What is diabetes
A syndrome casued by a lack of diminished effectiveness of endrogenous insulin
Disorder is characterised by hyperglycemia and deranged metabolism
What are the 2 types of diabetes
Insulin dependant
Non insulin dependant
What is type 1 diabeties
Juvinile onset is typical and may be associated with other autoimmune disease
What do type 1 diabeteies sufferers need
Insulin
What is type 2 diabeties
Typically occurs in older age groups and with soem obese paitents it can develop at any age
What is type 2 diabeties due to
It is due to impared insulin production or insulin resistance
Type 2 diabeties pacient need insulin yes/ no
Some do about 20%
How do we test for diabetes
Oral glucose test
What is the precedure for the oral glucose test
Fast pacient overnight then give then 75g of glucose and 300ml of water then measures venous plasma glucose level before and two hours after drinking water
What does fasting do to metabolic rate
It slows down
what happens to the insulin level while fasting
Decreases levels stimulating gluconeogenesis
Proteins will be used for fuel when fasting untill the body can do what
Untill they would use ketones for fuel
Sodium and potassium can deplete when fasting due to
Excretion of ketones via urine
however when the bodies production is depleted to lower than half then what can heppen when you are fasting
Results in death
What does feasting do to glycogen
It maximize glycogen stores
Does excess protein help with muscle development
No
What can excess protein result in the body
Amino acid pools
Excess fat results in
A storage of adipose tissue
What does fuel for exercise depend on
Intensity and duration
Carbohydrates are used for what during exercise fuel
Blood glucose and muscle glucose
Fats are used for what during exercise fuel
Plasma FFA and Intramuscular triglycerides
Proteins are used for what during exercise fuel
Only a small contribution to total energy production only 2%
Blood lactate used for what during exercise fuel
Glucneogenesis via the cori cycle
What are 3 eneegy system used in sprinting in order of use
ATP/PCr , glycolysis, soemaerobic contribution
What aew 3 energy systems used in team games in order of use
PCr, glycolysis, aerobic metabolism
What system is used for short term high intensity work
Anaerobic system
What system is used for long term moderate intensity work
Aerobic system
What are the main factors tha need to be considered when using different places for energy
Intensity and duration
As exercise intensity increases there is an increase in ………….. metabolism and decrease in …… metabolism
Carbohydrate and fat respectively
What are the 2 factors involved when they have to shift form fats to cards
Recruitment of fast twitch fibres
Increase lood levels of adrenaline
Muscle glucogen is more important at what type of intensity
Higher
Fats energy solution is slow and will not substain what
Exerise over 60% of vo2 max
What fibre types metabolise carbs better
Fast twitch
As there is a higher amount of adrenaline in the blood wha increase due to this
Increased muscle glycogen
During low intensity exercise what metabolism are used
Carbohydrate towards fats
What enzyme breaks down triglycerides
lipase
Lipase are stimulated by what
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
RER is what
A ratio between VCO2/VO2
Name 2 changes in anaerobic systems when training it
Increases level of aerobic substances
Increased quanitity and activity of key emzymes that control the anaerobic phase of glucose catabolism
Increased capacity to generate high levels of blood lactate during all out exercise
For anaerobic system during training what can it result in
Increased levels of glycogen and glycolytic enzymes
Improved motivation and tolerance to pain in fatigueing physical activiy
What are 2 factors that contribute to heightened training including increases lipolysis (aerobic system)
- greater blood flow within training muscle
- more fat-mobilization and fat metabolizing capacity
- enhanced muscle mitochdrial respiratory capacity
- decreased catecholamine release for the same absolute power output
Short duration and high intensity exercise causes what to happen
PCr depletion
Metabolic by production so there is an increase in lactate
Decrease in PH
Decrease rate of glycolysis
Prolonged exercise causes what to happen
Glycogen depletion
Liver glycogen decreases as well decreasing muscle uptake of glucose
