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introduction to metabolism for sports & exercise science > powerpoint 1 > Flashcards

powerpoint 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy ?

A

It is an entity that enables our body to perform/work

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2
Q

What does energy have ?

A

No shape

No physical mass

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3
Q

How many forms of energy are there?

A

Several

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4
Q

All form of energy are …………………..?

A

Intergangeable

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5
Q

State the first law of thermodgnamics ?

A

The body does not produce, consume, or use up energy rather it transfers into other physiolgic system

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6
Q

What are the sources of energy?

A

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

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7
Q

What does energy transfers into ?

A

ATP

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8
Q

What does ATP stand for ?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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9
Q

What is metabolism ?

A

Total of all chemical reactions that occur in the body

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10
Q

What is energy stored in, inorder to be converted into ATP?

A

Chemical bonds

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11
Q

What is metabolic pathways ?

A

Series of interrelated, enzymes - catalysed chemical reactions in the body

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12
Q

What are the three stages of a metabolic pathway?

A

Substrate,
Intermediates
Products

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13
Q

What is a catabolic pathway ?

A

Releases energy exergonic through breakdown of complex molecule into simpler ones

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14
Q

What is an anabolic pathway ?

A

Requires energy endergonic to construct comples molecules from simpler ones

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15
Q

ATP energy currency ?

A

Potential energy within ATP provides for all the cell energy requireing process

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16
Q

What is the formation equasion ATP - requires energy ( endergonic ) ?

A

ADP + Pi = ATP

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17
Q

What is the breakdown equasion ATP - releases energy (exergonic ) ?

A

ATP = (ATPace) = ADP + Pi + energy

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18
Q

How many grams of ATP is stored in the body?

A

80-100g

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19
Q

How many seconds of explosive all out exercise?

A

Several

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20
Q

What must the body do inorder to keep ATP ?

A

Resnthesize

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21
Q

What is the metabolic pathway for anaerobic exercise?

A

Glycolysis

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22
Q

What are the metabolic pathways for aerobic exercise ?

A 
Beta oxidation 
Glycolysis
Deamination 
Citric acid cycle 
Electron transport chain
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23
Q

What is PCr?

A

Phosphocreatine

24
Q

What is the chemical reaction for PCr?

A

PCr + ADP Cr + ATP

25
Q

ATP and PCr are what type of energy systems? and lasts how long?

A

Immediate

8-10 seconds

26
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

A sequence of 10 reactions that breakdown 1 glucose molecule to 2 pyruvate molecules

27
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in the body

A

All of the bodys cells

28
Q

Where does glycoloysis occur in the cell

A

Cytosol

29
Q

What is the importance and function of glycolysis

A

Red blood cells - the lack of mitrocondria so it only energy producing pathway
Skeletal muscle when oxidative metolism cannot keep up with increased energy demand

30
Q

What is the first phase of glycolysic

A

Energy investment phase steps 1-5 requires 2 ATP

31
Q

what is the second phase of glycolysis

A

Steps 6-10 produced ATP, NADH and pyruvate and lactate

32
Q

What happens to hydrogen during glycolysis

A

2 pairs of hydrogen atoms are stripped from glucose

33
Q

Where are the electrons from hydrogen passed from to

A

NAD+ to NADH

34
Q

What is produced per molecule of glucose oxidized

A

2 NADH

35
Q

For the production of lactice acid what is not avalible for the process of glycolysis

A

Oxygen

36
Q

Lactic acid allows NAD+ to be relased again what allows what

A

Glycolysis to occur

37
Q

What does LDH

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

38
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis equasion

A

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP –> 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2H2O

39
Q

Aerobic glycolysis equation

A

Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + NAD+ –> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2H2O + 2NADH + 2H+

40
Q

What are the 2 process of ATP synthesis

A
  1. substrate level phosphorylation

2. oxidative phosphorylation

41
Q

Aerobic energy system requires

A

Macronutrients
Requires oxygen
Oxidative system

42
Q

what stimulates the uptake of glucose uptake

A

Muscle contraction

43
Q

Achieved by mobilising …………… transporters from an ………….. celluar pool which is ………. into the musclur cell ………… ?

A

Glucose
Intra
Inserted
Membrane

44
Q

Once in the cell glucose can be used for what

A

Metabolised immediatley via glycolysis

Stored as glycogen for later use

45
Q

Where is glycogen stored

A

Liver

Skeletal muscle

46
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Is a metabolic process which glycogen is brokendown occurs in muscle and liver

47
Q

Glycogenolysis in the liver and muscles does what?

A

Produce glucose - 6 - phosphate
Stays in muscle to be metabolised by glycolysis
G6P converted to glucose and leaves liver

48
Q

What is a rate limiting enzyme

A

An enzyme that regulates the rate of a metabolic pathway

49
Q

Where is the rate limiting enzyme found

A

Early metabolic pathway

50
Q

How is the metabolic pathway helps to regulate an metabolic pathway what enzyme is it

A

Allosteric enzyme

51
Q

What are the key enzymes for glycogenolysis and glycolysis

A

Glycogen phosphate orylase

Phosphofructokinase

52
Q

How do we control glycolysis

A

Matching ATP resynthesize to the demands of exercise

53
Q

What happens to the body when exercise starts

A
  1. muscle calcium ion concentration increases
  2. muscle ADP/AMP concentation increases
  3. Muscle ATP concentration decreases
54
Q

What allows latctic acid to help with glycolysis

A

Lactic acid dissociated into lactic releasing H+ ions

55
Q

What is blood lactate

A

Blood lactate concentration is taken to be a reflection of anaerobic glycolytic activity

56
Q

Blood lactate is a balance of what

A

Lactate release and lactate uptake in the blood

introduction to metabolism for sports & exercise science (3 decks)

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