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CPE > POWERPLANT 1 > Flashcards

POWERPLANT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A ________________ is a type of heat engine that derives its name from the back-and-forth, or reciprocating movement of its pistons.

A

reciprocating engine

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2
Q

The ________________ is also known as an internal-combustion engine. This name is used because the fuel mixture is burned within the engine.

A

reciprocating engine

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3
Q

The two primary reciprocating engine designs are the ___________ and _______________.

A

spark ignition and the compression ignition

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4
Q

what is the ratio of fuel air mixture?

A

weight of fuel to the weight of air in the mixture to be burned

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5
Q

the ____________ also called a centrifugal compressor drew air through an inlet.

A

super charger

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6
Q

Fuels for aviation also demanded
attention. When engine designers tried to
build motors with greater power, they ran
into the problem of ______

A

“knock.”

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7
Q

_________ fuels avoided knock but
produced little power.

A

Poor-grade

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8
Q

During _____________, the best piston engines
used a turbocharger.

A

World War II

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9
Q

types of reciprocating engine

A
  1. radial engine
  2. in-line engine
  3. v- type engine
  4. opposed or flat type engine
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10
Q

A _________ consists of a row, or
rows of cylinders arranged radially
about a central crankcase.

A

radial engine

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11
Q

two types of radial engine

A

single row and double row

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12
Q

__________ radial engine has an odd number of cylinders attached radially to a crankcase. A typical configuration consists of five to nine
cylinders evenly spaced on the same circular plane with all pistons connected to a single crankshaft.

A

Single-row

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13
Q

____________ radial engines consisted of two single row engines in line with each other connected to a single crankshaft. This type of engine is sometimes referred to as a double row radial engine and typically has a total of 14 or 18 cylinders.

A

Multiple-row

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14
Q

An ______________ engine generally has an even number of cylinders that are aligned in a single row parallel with the crankshaft. This engine can be either liq-uid-cooled or air cooled and the pistons can be located either upright above the crankshaft or inverted below the crankshaft.

A

in-line

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15
Q

The cylinders of a __________ are arranged around a single crankshaft in two in-line banks that are 45, 60, or 90 degrees apart.

A

V-type engine

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16
Q

Since __________ had two rows of cylinders, they were typically capable of producing more horsepower than an in-line engine

A

V-type engines

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17
Q

Most ____________ had 8 or 12 cylinders and were either liquid-cooled or air cooled.

A

V-type engines

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18
Q

_______________ are the most popular reciprocating engines used on light aircraft.

A

Opposed-type engines

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19
Q

A typical _______________ can
produce as little as 36 horsepower to
as much as 400 horsepower.

A

opposed engine

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20
Q

_____________ have high power-to-weight ratios because they have a comparatively small, lightweight crankcase.

A

Opposed-type engines

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21
Q

Most efficient, dependable, and
economical type available for light
aircraft.

A

Opposed-type engines

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22
Q

The Four Basic Power Delivering Parts

A

cylinder
pistol
connecting Rod
crankshaft

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23
Q

The __________ provides a combustion
chamber where the burning and
expansion of gases takes place to
produce power.

A

cylinder

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24
Q

A _____________ houses the piston and
connecting rod assembly as well as
the valves and spark plugs.

A

cylinder

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25
Q

Transmits power through pistons,
connecting rods and rotate the
crankshaft

A

cylinder

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26
Q

The _______ in a reciprocating engine is
a cylindrical plunger that moves up
and down, back and forth within a
cylinder.

A

piston

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27
Q

Piston speed is maximum during the
_______ and _______ quarters of crankshaft
rotation.

A

first and fourth

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28
Q

The _____________ is the link which
transmits the force exerted on a
piston to a crankshaft.

A

connecting rod

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29
Q

One end of a connecting rod
connects to the crankshaft and is
called the ____________

A

crankpin end

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30
Q

The other end connects to the piston
and is called the ______________.

A

piston end

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31
Q

The ___________ is the backbone of a
reciprocating engine.

A

crankshaft

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32
Q

Its main purpose is to transform the
reciprocating motion of the pistons
and connecting rods into rotary
motion to turn a propeller.

A

crankshaft

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33
Q

Since __________ must withstand high
stress, they are generally forged from
a strong alloy such as chromiumnickel molybdenum steel.

A

crankshafts

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34
Q

The vast majority of certified aircraft reciprocating engines operate on the four stroke cycle, sometimes called the _________ after its originator, a German physicist.

A

Otto cycle

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35
Q

Two complete revolutions of the crankshaft
(720°) are required for the four strokes; thus,
each cylinder in an engine of this type fires
once in every _________ of the
crankshaft.

A

two revolutions

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36
Q

4 Strokes:

A
  • Intake
  • Compression
  • Power
  • Exhaust
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37
Q

5 Events:

A
  • Intake
  • Compression
  • Ignition
  • Power or Expansion
  • Exhaust or Scavenging
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38
Q

“Fuel and air enters inside the
combustion chamber.”

A

intake

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39
Q

The intake valve is opened
considerably before the piston reaches ____
on the exhaust stroke,

A

TDC

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40
Q

The intake valve is timed to close
about ____ to _____ past BDC on the
compression stroke, depending upon the
specific engine, to allow the momentum of
the incoming gases to charge the cylinder
more completely.

A

50° to 75°

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41
Q

During the ____________, the
crankshaft continues to rotate, the piston is
forced upward in the cylinder, and both
intake and exhaust valves are closed. The
movement of the piston upward
compresses the fuel-air mixture.

A

compression stroke

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42
Q

Fuel and air compression”

A

compression stroke

43
Q

The charge is fired by means
of an ____________ as the piston
approaches TDC.

A

electric spark

44
Q

The time of ignition varies
from ____to ____ before TDC, depending
upon the requirements of the specific
engine to ensure complete combustion of
the charge by the time the piston is slightly
past the TDC position.

A

20° to 35°

45
Q

“Fuel and air burned”

A

power

46
Q

The temperature of these burning gases in power stroke may be between _______and _____

A

3,000° and 4,000 °F.

47
Q

“Fuel and air or carbon deposits
moves outside the cylinder”

A

exhaust stroke

48
Q

firing order of V type engine with four cylinders

A

1 3 4 2

49
Q

firing order of v type engine with six cylinders

A

1 6 5 4 3 2

50
Q

firing order of v type engine with 8 cylinders

A

1 3 7 2 6 5 4 8

51
Q

firing order of in line engine with three cylinders

A

1 2 3

52
Q

firing order of in line engine with four cylinders

A

1 3 4 2

53
Q

firing order of in line engine with six cylinders

A

1 5 3 6 2 4

54
Q

______________ engines
require only one upstroke and one down
stroke of the piston to complete the
required series of events in the cylinder.

A

two-stroke cycle

55
Q

The intake and exhaust functions are
accomplished during the same stroke.

A

two stroke cycle

56
Q

Most _______ engines are of the
crankcase compression type.

A

two-stroke

57
Q

The earliest two-strokes were of the
________ type.

A

uniflow

58
Q

The _______ cycle has a three-sided rotor that
turns inside an elliptical housing, completing
three of the four cycles for each revolution.

A

rotary

59
Q

The ______ cycle depends on high
compression pressures to provide for the
ignition of the fuel/air charge in the cylinder.

A

diesel

60
Q

there are ___ magnetos, left and right

A

two

61
Q

Types of Magnetos:

A

Slick Magneto
Bendix Dual Magneto
Bendix Single Magneto.

62
Q

It is the job of the __________ to
measure the amount of incoming intake air
and meter out the proper fuel/air ratio to
the cylinder intakes.

A

carburetor

63
Q

___________________ help provide electrical power in an aircraft.

A

Aircraft generators

64
Q

Most ______________ starters are the direct
cranking electric type.

A

reciprocating engine

65
Q

Aircraft reciprocating engine pressure lubrication systems can be divided into two basic classifications:

A

wet sump and dry sump.

66
Q

_____________ stores oil in a reservoir inside the engine. After the oil is circulated through the engine, it is returned to this crankcase-based reservoir.

A

wet sump system

67
Q

A ____________ pumps the oil from the
engine’s crankcase to an external tank that
stores the oil.

A

dry sump engine

68
Q

The _______________ uses a scavenge pump, some external tubing, and an external tank to store the oil.

A

dry sump system

69
Q

___________ radial engine, cylinder No. 1 is the top cylinder.

A

Single-row

70
Q

__________ radial engine, all odd-numbered cylinders are in the front, and all even numbered cylinders are in the rear.

A

Double-row

71
Q

Cylinder Numbering (Opposed Engine)
___________ starts from rear

A

Continental

72
Q

Cylinder Numbering (Opposed Engine)
___________ starts from front.

A

Lycoming

73
Q

The Sequence in which the power event occurs in the different cylinders. Designed to provide for balance and to eliminate vibration.

A

Firing Order

74
Q

The __________ acts as a lid on the
cylinder barrel to provide an
enclosed chamber for combustion.

A

cylinder head

75
Q

__________ contain intake and exhaust valve ports, spark plugs, valve actuating mechanisms, and
serve to conduct heat away from the cylinder barrels.

A

Cylinder heads

76
Q

The ___________ in a reciprocating engine is a cylindrical plunger that moves up and down, back, and forth within a cylinder.

A

piston

77
Q

2 Types of Piston Rings

A

Compression rings and oil rings

78
Q

_______________prevent gas from escaping past the piston during engine operation and are placed in
the ring grooves immediately below the piston head.

A

Compression rings

79
Q

_________ control the amount of oil that is applied to the cylinder walls as well as prevent oil from entering the combustion chamber.

A

Oil rings

80
Q

A _________ joins the piston to the
connecting rod.

A

piston pin

81
Q

__________ are sometimes called wrist
pins

A

Piston pins

82
Q

Engine __________ regulate the flow of gases into and out of a cylinder by opening and closing at
predetermined times in the combustion process.

A

valves

83
Q

The ___________ controls the amount of fuel/air mixture that enters a cylinder through the intake port,

A

intake valve

84
Q

The ____________ allows the exhaust gases to exit the cylinder through the exhaust port.

A

exhaust valve

85
Q

– a device for actuating the valve lifting mechanism.

A

Camshaft

86
Q

A circular piece of steel with a series of raised cam lobes on its outer edge.

A

Cam ring

87
Q

– a mechanism to transmit the force of the cam to the push rod

A

Valve lifter or tappet

88
Q

– a steel or aluminum alloy rod or tube situated
between the valve lifter and the rocker arm to transmit the motion of the valve lifter

A

Push Rod

89
Q

– a pivoted arm mounted
on the bearings of the cylinder head
to open and close the valves.

A

Rocker Arm

90
Q

4 Parts of a Crankshaft

A

Main Bearing Journal/Main Journal
Crankpin
Crank cheek or crank arm
Counterweights and dampers

91
Q

Represent the centerline of a crankshaft and support the crankshaft as it rotates in the main
bearings. Center of rotation of the crankshaft.

A

Main Bearing Journal/Main Journal

92
Q

Or connecting-rod bearing journals or throws, serve as attachment points for the connecting rods.

A

Crankpin

93
Q

Its function is to relieve the whip and vibration
caused by rotation of the crankshaft.

A

Counterweights and dampers

94
Q

2 Types of Overhaul

A

top overhaul and major overhaul

95
Q

__________________ consists of the
complete reconditioning of the power
plant.

A

Major overhaul

96
Q

This means an overhaul of those parts on top of
the crankcase, without completely dismantling the engine.

A

top overhaul

97
Q

At _____________, an engine should be completely dismantled, thoroughly cleaned, and inspected.

A

regular intervals

98
Q

A ____________________ can perform or supervise a
major overhaul of an engine if it is not equipped with an internal supercharger, or has a propeller reduction system other than spur-type gears.

A

certified power plant-rated
technician

99
Q

The primary function is to provide
space for the mounting of accessories
necessary for operation and control of the
engine.

A

Accessory Section

100
Q

Aircraft carburetors are separated
into two categories:

A

float type carburetors
and pressure-type carburetors

101
Q

complete with idling, accelerating, mixture control, idle cutoff, and power enrichment systems, are the most common of the two carburetor types.

A

Float-type carburetors

102
Q

The _______________ delivers fuel under pressure by a fuel pump.

A

pressure-type carburetor

103
Q

The basic difference between a float-type and a pressure-type carburetor is the _________________.

A

delivery of fuel

104
Q

Carburetors are normally calibrated at sea-level air pressure where the correct fuel-air mixture ratio is established with the mixture control set in the ____________ position.

A

FULL RICH

CPE (7 decks)

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