ELECTRICAL Flashcards
On most ________, there is only
one electrical system powered by
the engine driven alternator or
generator.
light aircraft
The aircraft _________ is used for
emergency power and engine
starting.
battery
Electrical power is typically
distributed through one or more
common points known as an
_________________
electrical bus (or bus bar)
Almost all electrical circuits must be
protected from faults that can occur
in the system. Faults are commonly
known as ____OR ___
opens or shorts
An __________ is an electrical fault
that occurs when a circuit becomes
disconnected
open circuit
A ___________ is an electrical fault that
occurs when one or more circuits
create an unwanted connection.
short circuit
The most dangerous short circuit
occurs when a positive wire creates
an unwanted connection to a
negative connection or ground.
short to ground
two ways to protect
electrical systems from faults:
mechanically and electrically.
wires and
components are protected from
abrasion and excess wear through
proper installation and by adding
protective covers and shields.
Mechanically
wires can be protected
using circuit breakers and fuses.
Electrically
The _________ protect each
system in the event of a short circuit.
circuit breakers
__________ are typically found on older
aircraft
Fuses
With two engines, these aircraft can
drive ____ alternators (or generators)
that supply current to the various
loads of the aircraft
two
These _________ are typically
connected through a series of circuit
protectors, diodes, and relays
bus systems
The ___________ is designed to create
a power distribution system that is
extremely reliable by supplying
current to most loads through more
than one source
bus system
Working with electrical equipment
poses certain _________ safety
hazards.
physiological
_________ AND ________ must easily to find due
to easily access if fire occurs
and had some accident of
incident
Fire extinguisher and the first
aid box
Two factors that affect safety when
dealing with electricity are ______ AND _______.
fear and
overconfidence
A ______ is a bad conductor of
electricity and prevents a large
current from passing through
the body
rubber
- also known as a
navigational light to know the
position of the aircraft
Position lights
- also known as
Beacon lights or Strobe lights are a set
of lights required on every aircraft to
improve visibility to others.
Anti-collision lights
- are typically only
useful as visibility aids to the pilots when the aircraft is very low and
close to terrain, as during take-off
and landing if approved for nighttime
operation
Landing lights
– it provides light for ground
operation of aircraft in the taxiway
Taxi lights
– it is the light
inside the aircraft cabin
Interior cabin lights
– a light on the
aircraft cockpit instrument panel
provided for the visibility of the pilot
for instrument reading
Instrument lights
– the pilot used for
communication of aircraft to control
tower
Radio equipment
– an instrument that
shows the rate of turn of an aircraft
Turn indicator
– an instrument that
shows the fuel capacity of a fuel tank
Fuel gauges
- used on engines
with fuel injection to pump fuel from
the gas tank to the injector
Electric fuel pump
– a system that
provided by an electronic or
mechanical device that sounds an
audible warning as the stall speed is
approached.
Stall warning system
- turned on by the pilot anytime ice is suspected in order to
melt any form of ice on the pitot tube
Pitot heat
– used to crank the
engine
Starting motor
– a motor that
converts mechanical energy to
electricity
Alternator/generator
– a
switch that used to turn on and turn of
the supply of voltage to the aircraft
Battery Master/battery switch
- a switch
that used to turn on and turn of the
supply of current to the aircraft
Alternator/generator switch
a electrical safety device to avoid
damage on the electrical
component when electrical overload
occurs
Bus bar, fuses, and circuit breakers
– the one that
regulate the flow of voltage
Voltage regulator
– an instrument
that shows the flow of current
Ammeter/ load meter
– it is the
bundle of wires that connects on
every component
Associated electrical wiring
is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit
element
RESISTOR
used to provide a specific voltage for
an active device.
RESISTOR
- are light sensitive devices most often
used to indicate the presence or
absence of light, or to measure the
light intensity
Light Dependent Resistor
These resistors are mainly used when
there is a need to sense the absence
and presence of the light such as
burglar alarm circuits, alarm clock,
light intensity meters, etc.
Light Dependent Resistor
- is a passive electronic component
that stores energy in the form of a
magnetic field
Inductor
an inductor consists of a __________
wire loop or
coil.
- is an electrical component that stores
potential energy.
Capacitor
The _________ stores energy in the
form of an electric field.
capacitor
is an electrical component that can
disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one
conductor to another.
Switch
an electrical safety device consisting
of or including a wire or strip of fusible
metal that melts and interrupts the
circuit when the current exceeds a
particular amperage.
Fuse
- helps protect you and your home
from the dangers of damaged
circuits or electrical overloads.
Ground
- is a two-terminal electronic
component that conducts current
primarily in one direction
Diode
are used in music equipment,
electronic devices such as television
and radio receivers, audio equipment, and computers to
increase the amplitude of a signal
Amplifier
- work as a mediator between
electronic appliances and electric
current supply
Battery
Are output transducers that convert
electromagnetic waves into sound
waves.
Speaker
The _________ receive audio
input from a device such as a
computer or an audio receiver.
speakers
- convert sounds to small electrical
current.
Microphone
Enable many types of audio
recording devices for purposes
including communications of many
kinds, as well as music vocals, speech
and sound recording.
Microphone
- is a semiconductor device, which
can emit light when an electric
current passes through it.
Light Bulbs
is an electric current that is unidirectional, so the flow of charge is always in the same direction
Direct Current
- the flow of charge that changes
direction periodically.
Alternating Current
is a device that transfers electric
energy from one alternating-current
circuit to one or more other circuits,
either increasing (stepping up) or
reducing (stepping down) the
voltage
Transformer
is a flexible metallic conductor,
especially one made of copper,
usually insulated, and used to carry
electric current in a circuit.
Wire
is a connector
attached to a wire, cable, or piece of
hardware, having one or pretty much
more exposed, unshielded electrical
basically terminal and constructed in
such a way that it can for all intents
and purposes be inserted snugly into
a receptacle (female connector) to
definitely ensure a reliable basically
physical and electrical connection.
Male connector
is generally a
receptacle that receives and holds
the male connector.
Female connector
________ particularly is defined as a conductor or a group of conductors
used for collecting for all intents and purposes electric power from the for
all intents and purposes incoming
feeders and distributes them to the generally outgoing feeders, pretty
contrary to popular belief.
Bus bar
is a device that
converts motive power (mechanical
energy) into electrical power
Electric generator
is an electrical
machine that converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
Electric motor
is the force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each
other.
Magnetism
Energy for the operation of most
electrical equipment on large aircraft and
some small aircraft is supplied by a
__________.
generator
A ____________ is any piece of
equipment that converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy by
electromagnetic induction.
generator
The _______________ is
designed to keep the generator
output within limits for all flight
variables.
generator control system
_______________ are often referred to as voltage regulators or
generator control units (GCU).
Generator control systems
The most basic of the generator
control unit functions is that of
__________________.
voltage regulation
The _______________ is
used to open the relay that controls
the field excitation current
overvoltage protection circuit
transform mechanical
energy into electrical energy.
DC generators
produce direct
current and are typically found on
light aircraft
DC generators
is a machine that
converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy, generated as an
alternating current sinusoidal output
waveform.
AC generator
AC generators are also known as ________.
alternators
____________ keep the battery charged and to run the electrical
system while the engine is working.
AC generator
A _____ is an electrical device that
converts alternating current (AC), to direct
current (DC)
rectifier
A _______ is a power electronic
device or circuitry that changes direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC)
inverter
Many small turbine engines are
equipped with ____________
rather than separate starters and
generator
starter generators
The 3 major parts, or assemblies, of a
DC generator are
o Field Frame
o Armature
o Commutators
The ______ has two functions: To hold
the windings needed to produce a
magnetic field, and to act as a
mechanical support for the other
parts of the generator.
frame
_______________ is consisted of a
fan, armature, commutator, and a
shaft
Rotor or
armature core
The _______ is located at the end of an armature and consists of copper segments divided by a thin
insulator.
commutator
The operation of the ________ is like a rectifier to convert AC voltage to DC voltage in the reinforcement of the armature winding
commutator
is the stationary part of this system that includes a core, stator
winding, and the outer frame and houses the rotor (the rotating part) in its core.
Stator
______ are used in a system to
achieve a smooth movement
between the different components.
Bearings
is the outer cover that not only
provides mechanical protection to
the whole inner assembly and fixes
them to the foundation of the
machine, but also creates a path for
the magnetic flow that the field
winding produces
Yoke
are used primarily to keep windings in the sector.
Poles
The ______ is an iron or steel plate that used primarily to disperse the magnetic flow and avoid the spinning field coil from falling
pole shoe
The _____ is a mechanical piece in a
DC machine that produces
the rotational of a force known as
torque and brings about rotation
shaft
The ______ helps the generator to
transfer mechanical energy through
the shaft.
shaft
Three Types of Generator
- Series wound
- Parallel (shunt) wound
- Series-parallel (or compound
wound)
The _______ generator contains a field
winding connected in series with the
external circuit
series
In a _______ generator, any increase in
load causes a decrease in the output
voltage, and any decrease in load
causes an increase output voltage.
shunt
A ____________ generator
employs two field windings one in
series and another in parallel with the
load
compound wound
_________ are used for many functions ground power and emergency power.
Aircraft batteries
_______ are the standard source of
electrical energy for starting engines and
supplying power in the event of generator failure.
Batteries
A _________ is the original type of
rechargeable battery. It is commonly found in aviation, electric utilities, energy storage and cellphone towers.
wet-cell battery
The battery contains a liquid
electrolyte such as sulfuric acid, a dangerous
corrosive liquid.
wet-cell battery
A ______ battery does not contain liquid.
dry-cell
The two most
common types of battery used are
Lead-acid and
Ni-Cd batteries
_________ batteries, also known as flooded or wet batteries are assembled with
electrodes (plates) that have been
fully charged and dried.
Dry charged cell lead-acid
contain all
electrolyte absorbed in glass-mat
separators with no free electrolyte
and are sometimes referred to as
sealed batteries
Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries
(VRLA)
These types of battery are used in general aviation and turbine
powered aircraft and are sometimes authorized
replacements for NiCad batteries.
Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries
(VRLA)
A __________consists of a metallic box,
usually stainless steel, plastic-coated steel,
painted steel, or titanium containing a
number of individual cells.
NiCad battery
When performing any inspection or
maintenance always turning ___________ for your own safety.
master switch
off
The function of the ___________ is to
provide an electrical spark to ignite the fuel/air
mixture in the cylinders
ignition system
The ignition system of the engine is
completely separate from the airplane’s ________
electrical system
An aircraft __________ is an engine driven
electrical generator that uses permanent
magnets and coils to produce high voltage to fire the aircraft spark plugs.
magneto
The magneto type ignition system is used on most __________.
reciprocating aircraft engines
ignition switch has four positions:
OFF, L, R, and BOTH
: The component in
an airplane magneto that is used to store
electrical energy temporarily in an electrical field.
It is a passive two terminal electrical component
Capacitor (Condenser)
main function is
to route secondary, or high voltage, current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order, and for the correct amount of time
Distributor
The __________ may be
directly driven by the magneto rotor shaft or through a gear train from the rotor shaft.
breaker-actuating cam
: The part in the aircraft magneto that
creates high voltage current necessary to fire a park plug. The part is made of a soft iron core with two windings of wire around it
Coil
: Takes the high-voltage electric current from the coil and distributes it to the four electrodes in the distributor
block
Distributor Gear Assembly
: Enables the
magneto to produce sufficient spark for starting the engine
Impulse Coupling Assembly
is the aluminum alloy shell that houses most of the Magneto components
Frame (Housing)
to conduct a short impulse of high-voltage current through the wall of the combustion chamber.
spark plug
_________ operate at extreme
temperatures, electrical pressures, and very high
cylinder pressures.
Spark plugs
The three main components of a spark plug
OUTERSHELL
INSULATOR
ELECTRODES
If you use too _____ of a spark plug that
doesn’t heat up to the proper temperature, it
won’t be able to burn off the carbon deposits,
which can cause premature fouling.
cool
Picking a spark plug with too ____ of a heat
range can result in overheating, causing
electrodes to wear quickly, leading to pre-ignition
and a reduction in fuel economy.
hot
______ are used to help determine the
exact instant that the magneto points open.
Timing lights
Spark plugs should be _______ for inspection
and servicing at the intervals recommended
by the manufacturer.
removed
4 FOULED SPARK PLUG
CARBON FOULING
OIL FOULING OF SPARK PLUGS
LEAD FOULING OF SPARK PLUGS
GRAPHITE FOULING OF SPARK PLUGS
_______ fouling from fuel is
associated with mixtures that are too rich to
burn or mixtures that are so lean they cause
intermittent firing.
Carbon
Spark plugs that are wet or covered with
lubricating oil are usually grounded out
during the engine start.
OIL FOULING OF SPARK PLUGS
______ fouling of aviation spark plugs is a
condition likely to occur in any engine
using leaded fuels.
Lead
As a result of careless and excessive
application of thread lubricant, called
antiseizure compound, to the spark plug,
the lubricant flows over the electrodes
and causes shorting.
GRAPHITE FOULING OF SPARK PLUGS
