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CCEA GCSE History: The Troubles 1965-1998 > Power-Sharing > Flashcards

Power-Sharing Flashcards

1
Q

Nationalist response to power-sharing executive

A

Supported p-s executive SDLP

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2
Q

Some Unionists response to PS

A
  • Supported PS executive
  • OUP Brian Faulkner
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3
Q

British Gov response to power-sharing

A

Supported e.g William Whitelaw

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4
Q

Alliance party response to P.S

A

Supported

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5
Q

Unionist response to power-sharing

A

DUP Ian Paisley opposed bc Irish dimension



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6
Q

Harry West Unionist response to P.S

A

Opposed

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7
Q

Ulster Vanguard William response to PS

A

Opposed

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8
Q

What groups joined together to form the United Ulster Unionist council UUUC?

A
  • remainder of OUP not loyal to BF
  • DUP
  • new Vanguard unionist Progressive Party- W Craig
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9
Q

Who was the leader of the power-sharing executive?

A

Brian Faulkner 

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10
Q

Deputy leader of power-sharing executive?

A

Gerry Fitt

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11
Q

Power-sharing executive ministries

A

11

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12
Q

How many ministries did unionists hold in power-sharing executive

A

Six

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13
Q

How many ministries did nationalists hold in the power-sharing executive?

A

Four

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14
Q

How many ministries did the alliance party hold in the power sharing executive?

A

One

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15
Q

Who stated agreement of the power-sharing executive?

A

William Whitelaw, secretary of state 

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16
Q

When did William Whitelaw state agreement of membership of P S. Executive?

A

November 1973

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17
Q

Bloody Friday 21 July 1972

A

IRA detonated 20 bombs across Belfast, one hour, nine civilians dead and 130 injured

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18
Q

Claudy bomb 31 July 1972

A
  • Bomb
  • detonated village of Claudy
  • nine civilians died
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19
Q

How many people died in Northern Ireland in 1972 as a result of paramilitary violence?

A

496 (almost 500)

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20
Q

1972 the worst year of the troubles despite?

A
  • interment, 1971
  • Direct rule 1972
  • 2 week IRA ceasefire
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21
Q

Causes of operation motorman

A

British gov reacted to increasing violence

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22
Q

Aims of operation motorman

A

allow British army and police to retain control of paramilitary controlled no-go areas Belfast and Derry

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23
Q

How many British soldiers used in operation motorman?

A

28000 

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24
Q

Consequences of operation motorman

A
  • successes encouraged the British gov to make moves towards a political settlement in NI
  • British gov wanted to establish a cross-community government.
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25
Why was political progress needed at the start of 1973
- **Violence increased** - **loyalists** began to be **interned** 
26
What did British gov do March 1973? (Also a consequence of operation motorman.)
Published proposals
27
What was British gov political proposal one March 1973?
- **New law making assembly** - elected by **proportional representation** - **not the old system of first past the post**
28
British gov political proposal two March 1973 
**New law-making assembly not** have **control** over **security or justice**
29
What would happen for British gov proposals march 1973 to work?
1. Power-sharing. 2. The ‘ Irish dimension’
30
Power-sharing
Power-sharing between Catholics and protestants
31
The Irish dimension
- role for RoI in NI - through creation of **council of Ireland**
32
What would the council of Ireland allow?
Discussion of interest shared between Belfast, Dublin and UK
33
Why were June 1973, NI elections a problem to power-sharing executive
Unionism split over power sharing majority oppose Future of power-sharing in NI far from certain
34
What are the different beliefs that made them a problem to power-sharing?
- unionist - nationalist
35
Unionist view on ps
- **mere token** - Way to get **RoI to accept NI** as **part of UK**
36
Nationalist view on PS
- step towards **creation closer ties NI and RoI** - potentially **United Ireland**
37
Why was the British government a problem PS
**Failed define areas** and **control** which the **council of Ireland would have**
38
Why were Republicans a problem to power-sharing?
Not overly happy with power-sharing, not a united Ireland
39
Why were loyalist paramilitaries a problem to power-sharing?
December 1973 – UDA and UVF announced formation of Ulster army council resist any Irish dimension
40
What was the aim of the Ulster army council?
Resist any Irish dimension
41
PIRA problem, PS
Set off a series of bombs, December 1973 in London
42
Feb 1974 general election problem. PS
- Unionists saw as opportunity to show opposition to PS - UUUC received 80% vote, won 11 of 12 seats
43
Feb 1974, general election results
Majority of NI opposed to Sunningdale call for new NI assembly elections by UUUC rejected
44
Internal OUP problems: problem to power-sharing
- 4 jan 1974 0UP ruling body Ulster Unionist council voted to reject Sunningdale agreement - 427 to 374 votes - irish dimension ruined BF persuading unionists to accept PS
45
What did internal problems in OUP cause BF to do?
Resign as leader replaced by Harry West remained leader of power-sharing executive
46
Who replaced BF as OUP leader
Harry West
47
Causes of Ulster workers council strike
- 14 May 1974, NI assembly voted: continue support SA
48
Aim of UW council strike
**Show unionist opposition to SA**
49
UWC
- **Ulster Workers Council** - Group of Protestant trade unionists
50
UWCS event
- **Lacked support initially** - **UDA** and **Ulster Vanguard intimidated workers** - **insured NI came to a standstill**
51
Consequences of UWC strike
- food at low levels ⬇️🍎 - industries closed down 🏢⬇️ - electricity blackouts ⚫️⚡️ - fuel supplies limited and controlled by paramilitaries ⬇️⛽️ - hundreds of road blocks 🧱🛣️🧱 made travel almost impossible 🚫🚗
52
What was the next step in Dec 1973, after forming the power-sharing executive in November 1973?
An agreement on the form and powers of the Council of Ireland 🇮🇪
53
What would the Sunningdale agreement be? ☀️
An agreement on the form and powers of the council of Ireland
54
Where did the Sunningdale agreement discussions take place?
Sunningdale in England
55
Who was present at the Sunningdale agreement discussions?
- British PM T Heath - Taoiseach L. Cosgrove - OUP leader B. Faulkner - SDLP leader G. Fitt - Alliance leader O. Napier
56
Who was not present at Sunningdale agreement discussions?
Anti-power-sharing politicians
57
What did B. Faulkner do 28 May 1974?
Resigned as leader of PS executive
58
Why did BF resign as leader of PS executive?
Saw no other option ➡️ UWC strike
59
What ended the PS executive?
B. Faulkner’s resignation
60
What happened when PS ended?
- UWC strike ended the next day - DR returned to NI
61
Who were responsible for the 17 May 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings?
UVF
62
How many people died in the 17 May 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings?
32 people died
63
What angered the UWC strikers further?
British PM, Wilson going on TV and calling them “spongers”
64
What were the British army not willing to do to the end the strike?
Use the British army
65
Why were the British soldiers hesitant to prevent the UWC strikers?
Argued that it was a political event, not a terrorist one
66
What did the British government do to try and re-gain some control during the UWC strike?
Trying to take over fuel supplies ⛽️
67
What did the UWC call for?
A total shutdown of Northern Ireland
68
What was the British governments term of agreement to the Sunningdale agreement?
Agreed not to oppose Irish unification of a majority wanted it
69
RoI government terms of agreement, Sunningdale agreement
Accepted Irish unification could only be achieved with consent of majority NI
70
What was one of the terms of agreement of the Sunningdale agreement?
Control over security would return to Stormont
71
Council of ministers terms of agreement, Sunningdale agreement
14 members would help develop cooperation in Northern Ireland and the Republic
72
Terms of agreement sunningdale agreement, 60 member consultative assembly
30 members from Northern Ireland and 30 from the Republic

CCEA GCSE History: The Troubles 1965-1998 (10 decks)

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