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CCEA GCSE History: The Troubles 1965-1998 > Power-Sharing > Flashcards

Power-Sharing Flashcards

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1
Q

Nationalist response to power-sharing executive

A

Supported p-s executive SDLP

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2
Q

Some Unionists response to PS

A
  • Supported PS executive
  • OUP Brian Faulkner
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3
Q

British Gov response to power-sharing

A

Supported e.g William Whitelaw

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4
Q

Alliance party response to P.S

A

Supported

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5
Q

Unionist response to power-sharing

A

DUP Ian Paisley opposed bc Irish dimension



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6
Q

Harry West Unionist response to P.S

A

Opposed

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7
Q

Ulster Vanguard William response to PS

A

Opposed

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8
Q

What groups joined together to form the United Ulster Unionist council UUUC?

A
  • remainder of OUP not loyal to BF
  • DUP
  • new Vanguard unionist Progressive Party- W Craig
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9
Q

Who was the leader of the power-sharing executive?

A

Brian Faulkner 

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10
Q

Deputy leader of power-sharing executive?

A

Gerry Fitt

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11
Q

Power-sharing executive ministries

A

11

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12
Q

How many ministries did unionists hold in power-sharing executive

A

Six

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13
Q

How many ministries did nationalists hold in the power-sharing executive?

A

Four

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14
Q

How many ministries did the alliance party hold in the power sharing executive?

A

One

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15
Q

Who stated agreement of the power-sharing executive?

A

William Whitelaw, secretary of state 

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16
Q

When did William Whitelaw state agreement of membership of P S. Executive?

A

November 1973

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17
Q

Bloody Friday 21 July 1972

A

IRA detonated 20 bombs across Belfast, one hour, nine civilians dead and 130 injured

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18
Q

Claudy bomb 31 July 1972

A
  • Bomb
  • detonated village of Claudy
  • nine civilians died
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19
Q

How many people died in Northern Ireland in 1972 as a result of paramilitary violence?

A

496 (almost 500)

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20
Q

1972 the worst year of the troubles despite?

A
  • interment, 1971
  • Direct rule 1972
  • 2 week IRA ceasefire
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21
Q

Causes of operation motorman

A

British gov reacted to increasing violence

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22
Q

Aims of operation motorman

A

allow British army and police to retain control of paramilitary controlled no-go areas Belfast and Derry

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23
Q

How many British soldiers used in operation motorman?

A

28000 

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24
Q

Consequences of operation motorman

A
  • successes encouraged the British gov to make moves towards a political settlement in NI
  • British gov wanted to establish a cross-community government.
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25
Q

Why was political progress needed at the start of 1973

A
  • Violence increased
  • loyalists began to be interned 
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26
Q

What did British gov do March 1973? (Also a consequence of operation motorman.)

A

Published proposals

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27
Q

What was British gov political proposal one March 1973?

A
  • New law making assembly
  • elected by proportional representation
  • not the old system of first past the post
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28
Q

British gov political proposal two March 1973 

A

New law-making assembly not have control over security or justice

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29
Q

What would happen for British gov proposals march 1973 to work?

A
  1. Power-sharing.
  2. The ‘ Irish dimension’
30
Q

Power-sharing

A

Power-sharing between Catholics and protestants

31
Q

The Irish dimension

A
  • role for RoI in NI
  • through creation of council of Ireland
32
Q

What would the council of Ireland allow?

A

Discussion of interest shared between Belfast, Dublin and UK

33
Q

Why were June 1973, NI elections a problem to power-sharing executive

A

Unionism split over power sharing majority oppose
Future of power-sharing in NI far from certain

34
Q

What are the different beliefs that made them a problem to power-sharing?

A
  • unionist
  • nationalist
35
Q

Unionist view on ps

A
  • mere token
  • Way to get RoI to accept NI as part of UK
36
Q

Nationalist view on PS

A
  • step towards creation closer ties NI and RoI
  • potentially United Ireland
37
Q

Why was the British government a problem PS

A

Failed define areas and control which the council of Ireland would have

38
Q

Why were Republicans a problem to power-sharing?

A

Not overly happy with power-sharing, not a united Ireland

39
Q

Why were loyalist paramilitaries a problem to power-sharing?

A

December 1973 – UDA and UVF announced formation of Ulster army council resist any Irish dimension

40
Q

What was the aim of the Ulster army council?

A

Resist any Irish dimension

41
Q

PIRA problem, PS

A

Set off a series of bombs, December 1973 in London

42
Q

Feb 1974 general election problem. PS

A
  • Unionists saw as opportunity to show opposition to PS
  • UUUC received 80% vote, won 11 of 12 seats
43
Q

Feb 1974, general election results

A

Majority of NI opposed to Sunningdale call for new NI assembly elections by UUUC rejected

44
Q

Internal OUP problems: problem to power-sharing

A
  • 4 jan 1974 0UP ruling body Ulster Unionist council voted to reject Sunningdale agreement
  • 427 to 374 votes
  • irish dimension ruined BF persuading unionists to accept PS
45
Q

What did internal problems in OUP cause BF to do?

A

Resign as leader replaced by Harry West remained leader of power-sharing executive

46
Q

Who replaced BF as OUP leader

A

Harry West

47
Q

Causes of Ulster workers council strike

A
  • 14 May 1974, NI assembly voted: continue support SA
48
Q

Aim of UW council strike

A

Show unionist opposition to SA

49
Q

UWC

A
  • Ulster Workers Council
  • Group of Protestant trade unionists
50
Q

UWCS event

A
  • Lacked support initially
  • UDA and Ulster Vanguard intimidated workers
  • insured NI came to a standstill
51
Q

Consequences of UWC strike

A
  • food at low levels ⬇️🍎
  • industries closed down 🏢⬇️
  • electricity blackouts ⚫️⚡️
  • fuel supplies limited and controlled by paramilitaries ⬇️⛽️
  • hundreds of road blocks 🧱🛣️🧱 made travel almost impossible 🚫🚗
52
Q

What was the next step in Dec 1973, after forming the power-sharing executive in November 1973?

A

An agreement on the form and powers of the Council of Ireland 🇮🇪

53
Q

What would the Sunningdale agreement be? ☀️

A

An agreement on the form and powers of the council of Ireland

54
Q

Where did the Sunningdale agreement discussions take place?

A

Sunningdale in England

55
Q

Who was present at the Sunningdale agreement discussions?

A
  • British PM T Heath
  • Taoiseach L. Cosgrove
  • OUP leader B. Faulkner
  • SDLP leader G. Fitt
  • Alliance leader O. Napier
56
Q

Who was not present at Sunningdale agreement discussions?

A

Anti-power-sharing politicians

57
Q

What did B. Faulkner do 28 May 1974?

A

Resigned as leader of PS executive

58
Q

Why did BF resign as leader of PS executive?

A

Saw no other option ➡️ UWC strike

59
Q

What ended the PS executive?

A

B. Faulkner’s resignation

60
Q

What happened when PS ended?

A
  • UWC strike ended the next day
  • DR returned to NI
61
Q

Who were responsible for the 17 May 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings?

A

UVF

62
Q

How many people died in the 17 May 1974 Dublin and Monaghan bombings?

A

32 people died

63
Q

What angered the UWC strikers further?

A

British PM, Wilson going on TV and calling them “spongers”

64
Q

What were the British army not willing to do to the end the strike?

A

Use the British army

65
Q

Why were the British soldiers hesitant to prevent the UWC strikers?

A

Argued that it was a political event, not a terrorist one

66
Q

What did the British government do to try and re-gain some control during the UWC strike?

A

Trying to take over fuel supplies ⛽️

67
Q

What did the UWC call for?

A

A total shutdown of Northern Ireland

68
Q

What was the British governments term of agreement to the Sunningdale agreement?

A

Agreed not to oppose Irish unification of a majority wanted it

69
Q

RoI government terms of agreement, Sunningdale agreement

A

Accepted Irish unification could only be achieved with consent of majority NI

70
Q

What was one of the terms of agreement of the Sunningdale agreement?

A

Control over security would return to Stormont

71
Q

Council of ministers terms of agreement, Sunningdale agreement

A

14 members would help develop cooperation in Northern Ireland and the Republic

72
Q

Terms of agreement sunningdale agreement, 60 member consultative assembly

A

30 members from Northern Ireland and 30 from the Republic

CCEA GCSE History: The Troubles 1965-1998 (10 decks)

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