Power and Influence at work Flashcards
The meaning of power:
And the meaning of countervailing power:
The capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others
Potential to change attitudes and behavior (not actual change)
People may be unaware of their power
Perception – target perceives powerholder controls a valuable resource
Power involves unequal dependence
Countervailing Power: The capacity of a person, team or organization to keep a more powerful person or group in the exchange relationship.
Five sources of power:
-Legitimate (Specific role gives person ability to request things like manager or CEO. Keep in mind the zone of indifference [range of what people will comply to.] And information control]
-Reward (Control reward valued by others)
-Coercive(ability to apply punishment)
-Expert (Possessing skill/knowledge people want. Prevent, forecast, absorb environmental changes)
-Referent (Charisma and association with the power)
Four contingencies of power:
Substitutability(Less alternatives=more power)
Centrality: (Degree/nature of interdependence with the power holder. Higher centrality when many people are affected quickly)
Discretion:(Freedom to exercise judgment, rules limit discretion)
Visibility: (People know you hold valued resources. Increases with face time and displays of power symbols)
What is a social network and its power:
The three sources of power:
-People connected to each other through forms of interdependence
Generate power through social capital -
Three power resources through networks
(Information,Visibility,Referent power)
Social Network ties:
Social network centrality:
Three factors of centrality
Strong social ties: Friends, more likely to help each other
Weak ties: Acquaintances,
Centrality:Person’s importance in a network
Three factors in centrality:
Betweenness – extent you are located between others in the network
Degree centrality – Number of people connected to you
Closeness – stronger relationships
Consequences of Powers:
Individual power like expert power and referent power increases empowerment. Empowerments tends to increase:
Motivation, Job satisfaction , Organizational commitment
Job performance
When an individual has power over others through legitimate and reward power It produces a sense of duty or responsibility for the people over whom she/he has the power. These individuals tend to be more mindful of their actions and engage in less stereotyping
What is influence and the 8 types:
SAICUPIE
Influence is any behavior that attempts to alter someone’s attitudes or behavior
-Hard Tactics-
-Silent authority (Based on legitimate power, high power distance)
-Assertiveness (Actively applying legitimate and coercive power. Reminding, confronting, checking, threatening)
-Info Control (Manipulating other’s access to information)
-Coalition formation (Groups form because more power than individuals)
-Upward appeal (Appeal to higher authority, alliances )
-Soft Tactics- More acceptable-
-Persuasion (Logic, facts, emotional appeal)
-Impression management (Active shaping of public image)
-Exchange (Promising or reminding of past benefits in exchange for compliance)
Resistance, compliance, commitment
What are organizational politics:
Behaviors that others perceive as self-serving tactics for personal gain at the expense of other people and possibly the organization.
ex:Attacking or blaming others
Empowerment: Giving Power to Employees
and What are the stages of empowerment:
The freedom and the ability of employees to make decisions and commitments.
Managers disagree over definition of empowerment.
“Empowerment as delegating decision making within a set of clear boundaries “
versus
“Empowerment as “a process of risk taking and personal growth”
——————————————————–
-No discretion, monitored (like an assembly line)
-Participatory Empowerment (Given some decision making authority over their job)
-Self Management ( Total decision-making job content and job context)
What are abuses of power:
Bullying and sexual harassment
