Motivation in Action

Question 1

Cognitive Evaluation Theory:

Answer 1

Offering extrinsic rewards for work that was previously motivated intrinsically will tend to decrease a persons overall motivation

Question 2

4 ways to increase intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

Sense of competence
Sense of meaningfulness
Sense of progress
Sense of choice

Question 3

Membership/Seniority-Based Rewards advantages and disadvantages:

Answer 3

Advantages
-May attract job applicants
-Less financial insecurity
-Less turnover with seniority

Disadvantages
-No performance motivation
-Discourages poor performers from leaving
-May act as golden handcuffs

Question 4

Two types of competency-based rewards and their mutual advantages/disadvantages:

Answer 4

Competency-based pay bands– acquiring/demonstrating competencies assigned to that pay group

Skill-based – number of specific skill modules learned

Advantages
-Motivates learning new skills
-Multi-skilled, flexible, adaptive employees
-Higher product/service quality

Disadvantages of competency-based pay
-Over-designed (complex)
-Potentially subjective
-Higher training costs

Question 5

3 levels of performance-based rewards

Answer 5

Individual rewards(Bonuses, piece rates, commissions)
Team rewards(Mostly bonuses, also gain-sharing plans)
Organizational rewards(Organizational bonuses, ESOPs, share options, profit-sharing)

ESOP= creates ownership culture, profit sharing, weak P-O

Question 6

5 ways to improve reward effectiveness:

Answer 6

Link rewards to performance
Relevant Rewards
Team rewards for interdependent jobs
Values rewards
Beware of unintended consequences

Question 7

Frederick Taylors:Job Specialization and Scientific Management Improves—- and causes problems because:

Answer 7

Improves work efficiency: Less time-changing activities
Jobs mastered quickly (fewer tasks to master, more frequent practice)Better person-job matching

Job specialization problems
Low motivation
Absenteeism/turnover
Higher wages to offset the tedium
Affects work quality

Question 8

Job rotation and its advantages:
&
Job enlargement:

Answer 8

Moving from one job to another(More skill variety may increase motivation and satisfaction Minimizes repetitive strain injury, Workforce becomes multi-skilled)

Adding tasks to an existing job

Question 9

What are the 5 core job characteristics and the 3 psychological states they associate to, and their 4 outcomes, and two bonus characteristics

Answer 9

5 Charactertsist
1-Skill Variety
2-Task Identity
3-Task significance
4-Autonomy
5-Feed back

3 psychological states:
(1,2,3)= Meaningfulness
(4) = Responsibility
(5)= Knowledge

4 outcomes:
1- Work Motivation
2=Work effectiveness
3=General satisfaction
4=Growth satisfaction

+ 2 bonus characteristics:
Social(Task interdependence and feedback from peers)
Info Processing(task variability, task analyzability)

Question 10

4 dimensions of empowerment:

Answer 10

Self determination, meaning, competence, impact

Question 11

Job Enrichment and two ways to do it:

Answer 11

Giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning work

Natural grouping
Stitching highly interdependent tasks into one job
e.g., video journalist, assembling entire product

Establishing client relationships
Directly responsible for specific clients
Communicate directly with those clients

Question 12

5 elements of self leadership:

Answer 12

Personal goal setting
Constructive thought patterns (self-talk, mental imagery)
Designing natural rewards
Self-monitoring
Self-reinforcement

Question 13

Predictors of self-leadership:

Answer 13

Individual factors:
Conscientiousness and extroversion
Positive self-concept evaluation

Organizations factors:
Job autonomy
Empowering leaders
Measure-oriented culture