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HAP - Paper 1 > Power > Flashcards

Power Flashcards

1
Q

Foucault’s approach to power

A

Refused to acknowledge as separate entity

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2
Q

Why is power difficult to study

A

Vast, conflated - cannot measure, cannot see

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3
Q

What are the modes of power

A
  • Coercive power
  • Normative power
  • Persuasion
  • Reward
  • Protection
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4
Q

Where is power located?

A

Very uncertain, highly variable

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5
Q

What are the 3 translated terms for power in German?

A

‘Gewalt’ - violence/ force
‘Herrschaft’ - personal dominion exercised by Lord
‘Macht’ - decision making power of individuals

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6
Q

What is history?

A

A series of longitudinal world powers

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7
Q

What happened in the Book of Daniel?

A

King of Babylon - Nebuchadnezzar - dream about colossus
- Gold - King
- Silver - the next age
- Bronze - age after
- Iron - age after that
- Iron and Clay - wars after that age
At this point, Daniel holds high amount of power, flowed from wise men - but this power was highly temporary

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8
Q

Pufendorf

A

Denied the Holy Roman Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire of old

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9
Q

What is soft power?

A
  • Soft power bestows legitimacy on external projections of power
  • Legitimacy is often what lacks in the exercise of power beyond borders
  • Protecting power where not accepted is a difficult enterprise
    • I.e. Viet Cong vs US Army
    • Coercive power
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10
Q

What is Weber’s theory of power?

A

Monopoly of violence

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11
Q

what is volksgemeinschaft

A

People’s community

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12
Q

How has power transitioned over time?

A

From intensely personal to intensely institutional

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13
Q

Why is power in flux?

A

Movement from concentration to local

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14
Q

Why did the Yongzheng Emperor last?

A

State was fixed - complex alliance of interdependent local and central powers

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15
Q

Why did the Tokugawa Ieyasu last?

A
  • chieftains were also present
  • Those who start as central instruments of power suck power from the centre to own provincial sectors
  • Power worked in Japan because it was localised1
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16
Q

Geographical disparities in power

A

Mexico - power is specialised due to mountains
Buganda - military monarchy
Movement of power from centre state to Saza chiefs

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17
Q

What is the thesis of the Thousand Plateaus of Capitalist Society?

A

Metaphorise power as a capillary network, where power is perpetually displaced

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18
Q

How did Kafka present power?

A

K - Presented with power as faceless, non-disclosed location

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19
Q

Debate over power for Hitler

A

Intentionalism vs Structuralism

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20
Q

What is the new power of the current zeitgeist?

A

The hegemonic power of TNCs

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21
Q

What others concepts surround power?

A

Legitimacy, authority, influence, absolutism

22
Q

Heywood’s three forms of power

A
  • Agenda Setting

-

23
Q

Did Hobbes see the importance of legitimacy

A

No! Not recognised, not democratic

24
Q

What did Absolutism as a theory afford?

A

Highly mediated to abstract power of modern states

25
Q

Where does power lie in Law during the medieval period?

A

Interpretation of Roman Law with Aristotle - universities

26
Q

Coercive power demonstration

A

Hegemony of Spain - bullion and mercenary armies
Hegemony of Dutch - economic power
Hegemony of British - naval power

27
Q

Johnson on Vietnam

A

“The greatest power in the world” could not dispose of a collection of “night riders in black pyjamas”- evidence for the need of legitimacy

28
Q

Varying interpretations of American Government

A

Bagehot - Presidential government - threatened legislative power
Wilson - Congressional government - threatened presidential powers
Evidence of cyclical relationship in power within context of US

29
Q

Demonstration of power in the EU

A

Neo-functional - power resides in supranational bodies

Intergovernmentalist - member state pools sovereignty

30
Q

Clark’s view on EU

A

Multi-level game - private and public interests in multilayered network

31
Q

Classic American consumer manipulators?

A

Ford, Chrysler and GM

32
Q

What does the Fukuyama thesis mean for power?

A

Suggests power differentiation had dissipated with the death of communism. Gahhh.

33
Q

Heywood - defining power

A

Power can broadly be defined as the ability to achieve a desired outcome, sometimes referred to in terms of the ‘power to’ do something

34
Q

What is the distinguishing factor between power and authority?

A

Power is nominally naked. Authority is the right to do something

35
Q

Heywood’s faces of power (3)

A
  1. Decision making - conscious decision to do something. Boulding suggests this is done either through force/ intimidation, productive exchange for mutual gain and through loyalty or commitment (stick/carrot/kiss)
  2. Agenda setting - the omission of decisions from being made - Schattschneider - ‘organisation is the mobilisation of bias’
  3. Power through thought control - Marxian theory. Lukes calls this the radical face of power
36
Q

What is sovereignty?

A

Absolute and unlimited power; which may be divided into legal, political, external and internal
Legal - judicial supremacy
Political - monopoly of force
External - place of nation in international context
Internal - place of nation within itself (parties)

37
Q

Bodin and Hobbes

A

Concentration of power in one supreme body, no need to be right, completely totalitarian

38
Q

Arnold

A

Ministeriales in German Aristocratic Society (1000-1200)
- exercising of administrative function in twelfth century was in itself propagated authority - became a Dienstadel (nobility)

39
Q

Construction of rhetorical power - Stalin and the Teutonic Knights

A

Power of Nevsky demonstrated by winning over the Teutonics - fell through the ice

40
Q

According to Friedrich, how was totalitarian power assured?

A

Through deployment of terror, imposition of ideology against real or imagined enemies, control of economy, control of communication

41
Q

Judith Butler - gender historian?

A

Power comes from within - force in formation - power we depend on for our existence

42
Q

Power of nature

A

Binding on men, women, slaves etc. - reference power of Aristotle wielded in universities and schools to influence international interplay

43
Q

Power as culturally bestowed

A

race, gender, impact on power wielded

44
Q

How was Ibadan kept afloat?

A

soldiers in the form of slaves. These slaves had disproportionate power - eventually grew to state of owning own slaves, who were grievously mistreated

45
Q

Arnold

A

Ministeriales in German Aristocratic Society (1000-1200)

- exercising of administrative function in twelfth century was in itself propagated authority

46
Q

Duby - Women and Power

A

(focus on dames) Daughters of the dominus had value, whilst they had the right of inheritance - became coveted.
By rule of religion, women were subservient to men, whilst left alone would descend to evil. vagae, lascivae
Power through domination shown in marriage through above and further through the adoption of male surname

47
Q

what can be said about the French translation of the word ‘power’?

A

Pouvoir - inherently vague

48
Q

What does power typically focus on?

A

Great Men history

49
Q

Power of nature

A

Binding on men, women, slaves etc. - reference power of Aristotle wielded in universities and schools to influence international interplay

50
Q

Power of language

A

Derrida theorem. Language proves a potential obstacle towards the realisation of intangible theories, hence they subvert and deconstruct their own meaning.

HAP - Paper 1 (4 decks)

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