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Pharmaceutics > Powders And Granules > Flashcards

Powders And Granules Flashcards

1
Q

Granules

A

Are intermediate products

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2
Q

Granules

A

Size = 0.2 - 4mm
Intermediate = 0.2 - 0.5mm

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3
Q

Powders

A

Size= 0.1 - 10,000 micrometre
Pharmaceutically, 0.1 - 10

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4
Q

Trituration

A

For both comminution and mixing of powders

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5
Q

Spatulation

A

Mixing small amounts of powders using a spatula on a sheet of paper or ointment slab

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6
Q

Tumbling

A

Mixing powders in a vertical rotating chamber sometimes containing powdered blades

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7
Q

Sifting

A

Passing powders through a sift
Not suitable for incorporating potent drugs into powders

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8
Q

Powders for internal use

A

May contain one(simple) or two(compound) medicaments with or without excipients.

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9
Q

Divided powders

A

Single doses of powdered drugs.
It’s a more accurate dosage form than bulk powders

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10
Q

Bulk powders

A

Package in wide-mouthed glass or plastic jar

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11
Q

Bulk powders

A

Ingredients are relatively non- toxic medicaments with a large dose

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12
Q

Bulk powders

A

Ingredients are usually antacids, dietary supplements, laxatives and a few analgesics

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13
Q

Types of powders

A
  1. Powders for internal use
  2. Powders for external use
  3. Special Powders
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14
Q

Powders for internal use

A
  1. Divided powders - simple, compound, and powders in a cachet
  2. Bulk powders - antacid powders and laxative powders.
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15
Q

Powders for external use

A
  1. Dusting powders - medicated and surgical
  2. Tooth powders
  3. Douche powders
  4. Insufflators
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16
Q

Special powders

A
  1. Eutectic powders and explosive powders
  2. Effervescent powders
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17
Q

External powders

A

Dusted on affected area

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18
Q

Dusting powders

A

Free flowing very fine powders containing antiseptic, antiperspirant, astringent, lubricants, absorbents, and antipiuritics

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19
Q

Surgical dusting powders

A

Free from microorganisms and intended for deep wounds.

20
Q

Surgical dusting powders

A

Antimicrobial agents - chlorhexidine and hexachlorophene

21
Q

Douche powder

A

Maybe formulated also for nasal, otic, or ophthalmic use
Ph= 3.5 - 5

22
Q

Effervescent powders

A

Supplied as either granules or powder of salts

23
Q

Ways to avoid effervescence in powders

A

1.if in dosage form , no granulation is required
2. If, as a divided dose, effervescence ingredients are enclosed separately
3. Prepare them in granules form

24
Q

Eutectic powders

A

Camphor, thymol, phenol, menthol,salol, acetanilide and choral hydrate

25
Q

Eutectic powders

A

Problem can be solved by using starch, talc, lactose, light magnesium carbonate to prevent dampness

26
Q

Explosive powders

A
  1. Bromine+alcohol
    2.chlorates+ bisulphite
  2. Chloric acid + bromide
27
Q

Granules

A

Intended for oral use

28
Q

GranulesG

A

Used for low-toxicity, high-dose drugs

29
Q

Granules

A

Are presented as single dose or multi dose preparations

30
Q

Effervescence =

A

Carbonate/ BICARBONATE + acid( citric acid / tartaric acid)

31
Q

Good effervescence

A

Citric acid monohydrate +tartaric acid in ratio 1:2

32
Q

Effervescence

A

Citric acid monohydrate is not used alone because it results in a sticky mixture that won’t be granulated easily.

33
Q

Effervescence

A

Tartaric acid isn’t used alone because it results in granules that are too friable and crumble easily.

34
Q

Powders and granules for syrup

A

Syrups may contain sucrose conc. at about 45%( at keast)

35
Q

Importance of powders

A
  1. They are more stable than liquid dosage forms;hence, many antibiotics and injections as powders
36
Q

Powders

A
  1. Easy to swallow than capsules and tablets
37
Q

Importance of powders

A

Powders possess good chemical stability

38
Q

Powders

A

They are in the form of small particles; hence, they offer a large surface area and are rapidly dissolved in the gastrointestinal tract, minimising the problem of local irritation.

39
Q

Powders

A

They are highly compatible as compared to liquid dosage forms

40
Q

Powders

A

Manufacturing is economical

41
Q

Powders

A

Not suitable for drugs unstable in normal atmospheric conditions

42
Q

Powders

A

Not suitable for drugs inactivated in the stomach . Such drugs should be in the form of a tablet and enteric coated.

43
Q

Powders

A

Not suitable for bitter, nauseating, and corrosive drugs, if are meant for oral administration

44
Q

Powders

A

Masking unpleasant taste maybe difficult

45
Q

Granules

A

Other categories include coated granules, gastro- resistant granules, and modified release granules

Pharmaceutics (8 decks)

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