Powders And Granules

Question 1

Granules

Answer 1

Are intermediate products

Question 2

Granules

Answer 2

Size = 0.2 - 4mm
Intermediate = 0.2 - 0.5mm

Question 3

Powders

Answer 3

Size= 0.1 - 10,000 micrometre
Pharmaceutically, 0.1 - 10

Question 4

Trituration

Answer 4

For both comminution and mixing of powders

Question 5

Spatulation

Answer 5

Mixing small amounts of powders using a spatula on a sheet of paper or ointment slab

Question 6

Tumbling

Answer 6

Mixing powders in a vertical rotating chamber sometimes containing powdered blades

Question 7

Sifting

Answer 7

Passing powders through a sift
Not suitable for incorporating potent drugs into powders

Question 8

Powders for internal use

Answer 8

May contain one(simple) or two(compound) medicaments with or without excipients.

Question 9

Divided powders

Answer 9

Single doses of powdered drugs.
It’s a more accurate dosage form than bulk powders

Question 10

Bulk powders

Answer 10

Package in wide-mouthed glass or plastic jar

Question 11

Bulk powders

Answer 11

Ingredients are relatively non- toxic medicaments with a large dose

Question 12

Bulk powders

Answer 12

Ingredients are usually antacids, dietary supplements, laxatives and a few analgesics

Question 13

Types of powders

Answer 13

1. Powders for internal use
2. Powders for external use
3. Special Powders

Question 14

Powders for internal use

Answer 14

1. Divided powders - simple, compound, and powders in a cachet
2. Bulk powders - antacid powders and laxative powders.

Question 15

Powders for external use

Answer 15

1. Dusting powders - medicated and surgical
2. Tooth powders
3. Douche powders
4. Insufflators

Question 16

Special powders

Answer 16

1. Eutectic powders and explosive powders
2. Effervescent powders

Question 17

External powders

Answer 17

Dusted on affected area

Question 18

Dusting powders

Answer 18

Free flowing very fine powders containing antiseptic, antiperspirant, astringent, lubricants, absorbents, and antipiuritics

Question 19

Surgical dusting powders

Answer 19

Free from microorganisms and intended for deep wounds.

Question 20

Surgical dusting powders

Answer 20

Antimicrobial agents - chlorhexidine and hexachlorophene

Question 21

Douche powder

Answer 21

Maybe formulated also for nasal, otic, or ophthalmic use
Ph= 3.5 - 5

Question 22

Effervescent powders

Answer 22

Supplied as either granules or powder of salts

Question 23

Ways to avoid effervescence in powders

Answer 23

1.if in dosage form , no granulation is required
2. If, as a divided dose, effervescence ingredients are enclosed separately
3. Prepare them in granules form

Question 24

Eutectic powders

Answer 24

Camphor, thymol, phenol, menthol,salol, acetanilide and choral hydrate

Question 25

Eutectic powders

Answer 25

Problem can be solved by using starch, talc, lactose, light magnesium carbonate to prevent dampness

Question 26

Explosive powders

Answer 26

1. Bromine+alcohol 2.chlorates+ bisulphite 3. Chloric acid + bromide

Question 27

Granules

Answer 27

Intended for oral use

Question 28

GranulesG

Answer 28

Used for low-toxicity, high-dose drugs

Question 29

Granules

Answer 29

Are presented as single dose or multi dose preparations

Question 30

Effervescence =

Answer 30

Carbonate/ BICARBONATE + acid( citric acid / tartaric acid)

Question 31

Good effervescence

Answer 31

Citric acid monohydrate +tartaric acid in ratio 1:2

Question 32

Effervescence

Answer 32

Citric acid monohydrate is not used alone because it results in a sticky mixture that won't be granulated easily.

Question 33

Effervescence

Answer 33

Tartaric acid isn't used alone because it results in granules that are too friable and crumble easily.

Question 34

Powders and granules for syrup

Answer 34

Syrups may contain sucrose conc. at about 45%( at keast)

Question 35

Importance of powders

Answer 35

1. They are more stable than liquid dosage forms;hence, many antibiotics and injections as powders

Question 36

Powders

Answer 36

1. Easy to swallow than capsules and tablets

Question 37

Importance of powders

Answer 37

Powders possess good chemical stability

Question 38

Powders

Answer 38

They are in the form of small particles; hence, they offer a large surface area and are rapidly dissolved in the gastrointestinal tract, minimising the problem of local irritation.

Question 39

Powders

Answer 39

They are highly compatible as compared to liquid dosage forms

Question 40

Powders

Answer 40

Manufacturing is economical

Question 41

Powders

Answer 41

Not suitable for drugs unstable in normal atmospheric conditions

Question 42

Powders

Answer 42

Not suitable for drugs inactivated in the stomach . Such drugs should be in the form of a tablet and enteric coated.

Question 43

Powders

Answer 43

Not suitable for bitter, nauseating, and corrosive drugs, if are meant for oral administration

Question 44

Powders

Answer 44

Masking unpleasant taste maybe difficult

Question 45

Granules

Answer 45

Other categories include coated granules, gastro- resistant granules, and modified release granules