Poverty Flashcards
what is absolute poverty?
Absolute poverty measures poverty in relation to the amount of money that people need to meet the basic needs discussed.
what is relative poverty?
relative poverty is poverty measured in relation to the standard of living in a society
when are people considered poor according to relative poverty?
People are poor if they fall below the minimum acceptable standard of living established in a given society.
what are poverty indices?
Ways to measure poverty, including access to education, healthcare, and basic needs.
what is purchasing power parity?
takes into account GDP, cost per capita, cost of living, and inflation rate.
what are the economic factors affecting access to education?
availability of institutions
financial aid (GATE)
list the government policies affecting access to education
free primary education
ICT programs
list the government policies affecting access to education
free primary education
ICT programs
which are the socioeconomic factors affecting the access to education?
income levels
parental education
gender
cultural norms
what is health status?
a state of physical, mental and social well-being (WHO)
list the common health indicators
Life Expectancy
Premature Mortality (Years of Potential Life Lost, YPLLs)
Cause-Specific Deaths (e.g., cancer)
Obesity (BMI), Diabetes, Chronic Diseases
Morbidity
Health Behaviours
Physical Environment
Social Environment
which factors affect Healthcare access?
Availability – Public/private hospitals, specialized centers (e.g., Brian Lara Cancer Treatment Centre).
Social Factors – Income, education, insurance, pollution levels.
what is GDP?
The value of all finished goods/services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
Calculated on an annual basis.
what is potential GDP?
Potential GDP is when an economy achieves full employment of all resources/ production factors, indicated by a very low unemployment rate.
formula to calculate GDP
GDP = (C + G + I) + (X - M)
C = Private consumption
G = Government spending
I = Investment
X-M = Exports - Imports
what is GNP?
GNP is a measure of a country’s economic performance, or what its citizens produced
what is GNI?
GNI per capita is the gross national income converted to US dollars.
how is GNP calculated?
GDP + income from overseas investments - income earned by foreign entities.
define per capita income
Refers to the income earned per person in a given population.
what is per capita income used to measure?
a country’s standard of living which can be calculated by dividing national income by population
what is HDI used to measure?
life expectancy (Life Expectancy Index)
education (Education Index)
income (Income Index)
what is GDI?
it is an adjusted HDI that accounts for gender inequality
it imposes a penalty for inequality
what is the relationship between GDI and gender disparity?
The greater the gender disparity in basic capabilities, the lower a country’s GDI compared with its HDI
