Poverty

Question 1

what is absolute poverty?

Answer 1

Absolute poverty measures poverty in relation to the amount of money that people need to meet the basic needs discussed.

Question 2

what is relative poverty?

Answer 2

relative poverty is poverty measured in relation to the standard of living in a society

Question 3

when are people considered poor according to relative poverty?

Answer 3

People are poor if they fall below the minimum acceptable standard of living established in a given society.

Question 4

what are poverty indices?

Answer 4

Ways to measure poverty, including access to education, healthcare, and basic needs.

Question 5

what is purchasing power parity?

Answer 5

takes into account GDP, cost per capita, cost of living, and inflation rate.

Question 6

what are the economic factors affecting access to education?

Answer 6

availability of institutions
financial aid (GATE)

Question 7

list the government policies affecting access to education

Answer 7

free primary education
ICT programs

Question 8

list the government policies affecting access to education

Answer 8

free primary education
ICT programs

Question 9

which are the socioeconomic factors affecting the access to education?

Answer 9

income levels
parental education
gender
cultural norms

Question 10

what is health status?

Answer 10

a state of physical, mental and social well-being (WHO)

Question 11

list the common health indicators

Answer 11

Life Expectancy
Premature Mortality (Years of Potential Life Lost, YPLLs)
Cause-Specific Deaths (e.g., cancer)
Obesity (BMI), Diabetes, Chronic Diseases
Morbidity
Health Behaviours
Physical Environment
Social Environment

Question 12

which factors affect Healthcare access?

Answer 12

Availability – Public/private hospitals, specialized centers (e.g., Brian Lara Cancer Treatment Centre).

Social Factors – Income, education, insurance, pollution levels.

Question 13

what is GDP?

Answer 13

The value of all finished goods/services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
Calculated on an annual basis.

Question 14

what is potential GDP?

Answer 14

Potential GDP is when an economy achieves full employment of all resources/ production factors, indicated by a very low unemployment rate.

Question 15

formula to calculate GDP

Answer 15

GDP = (C + G + I) + (X - M)

C = Private consumption
G = Government spending
I = Investment
X-M = Exports - Imports

Question 16

what is GNP?

Answer 16

GNP is a measure of a country’s economic performance, or what its citizens produced

Question 17

what is GNI?

Answer 17

GNI per capita is the gross national income converted to US dollars.

Question 18

how is GNP calculated?

Answer 18

GDP + income from overseas investments - income earned by foreign entities.

Question 19

define per capita income

Answer 19

Refers to the income earned per person in a given population.

Question 20

what is per capita income used to measure?

Answer 20

a country’s standard of living which can be calculated by dividing national income by population

Question 21

what is HDI used to measure?

Answer 21

life expectancy (Life Expectancy Index)
education (Education Index)
income (Income Index)

Question 22

what is GDI?

Answer 22

it is an adjusted HDI that accounts for gender inequality
it imposes a penalty for inequality

Question 23

what is the relationship between GDI and gender disparity?

Answer 23

The greater the gender disparity in basic capabilities, the lower a country’s GDI compared with its HDI