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Blanton Slides > Poultry Management > Flashcards

Poultry Management Flashcards

1
Q

Major duck commercial breeds are called

A

Dabblers

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2
Q

Examples of major duck commercial breeds

A

Pekin duck, Muscovy, Mule ducks (Pekin x Muscovy)

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3
Q

Official name of Pekin duck

A

Anseriforme Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos (domesticus)

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4
Q

Official name of Muscovy

A

Anseriforme Anatidae Carinae moschota (domesticus)

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5
Q

Between Pekin and Muscovy which is domesticated and which is highly aggressive?

A

Pekin = domesticated; Muscovy = highly aggressive

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6
Q

Baby ducks are called?

A

Duckling

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7
Q

Grow-out ducks are?

A

Meat ducks

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8
Q

Developers are?

A

Younglings to become breeders

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9
Q

Breeders are called?

A

Hens and drakes

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10
Q

Best hens to drakes ratio?

A

~1:5

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11
Q

What happens if too many hens? Too many drakes?

A

Too many hens causes drakes to be “sexed out.” Too many drakes causes “homosexual relations”

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12
Q

Incubation lasts __ days for Pekin

A

28

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13
Q

Incubation lasts __ days for Muscovy

A

35

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14
Q

Incubation lasts __ days for Mallards

A

25-29

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15
Q

In the duck industry, there is little known about __ ______

A

Egg quality

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16
Q

Which types of barns predominate?

A

Curtain sided barns

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17
Q

Most efficient meat production? Fastest growing animal?

A

Ducks!

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18
Q

Is natural lighting and ventilation better?

A

Not better, the heat!

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19
Q

What do curtain sided barns have?

A

Pine shavings, straw, plastic slatted

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20
Q

It is important to _____ lighting. Why?

A

Supplement; They are seasonal breeders

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21
Q

What types of light are provided?

A

Kerosene lanterns, incandescent, fluorescent, LED

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22
Q

How many hours of light? Common?

A

18-24 hours of light (not uncommon)

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23
Q

Water sources?

A

Nipple lines, water troughs, showers, cup drinkers

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24
Q

What are some challenges?

A

Lameness, lighting, biosecurity (AI), water sources, “fatigued” ducks, flipovers

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25
Q

Market weight is reached in… FCR?

A

28-45 days; FCR < 1.5

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26
Q

The layer industry major commercial breeds in USA

A

White leghorn hybrid, brown hyline /lohmann brown, lots of others for backyard flocks

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27
Q

Scientific name of these layer breeds

A

Galliformes phasianidae gallus gallus (domesticus)

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28
Q

Baby chickens are called?

A

Chicks

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29
Q

Pullets are…

A

Young females

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30
Q

Pullets are hens after…

A

16 weeks

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31
Q

Different cage styles

A

Conventional, cage-free

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32
Q

Different types of cage-free

A

Enriched cages, barn/open field, aviary

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33
Q

Breeders focus on genetic selection such as

A

Egg #/quality/size, BW uniformity, FCR

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34
Q

Breeders last

A

20-21 days

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35
Q

RGF is __ days

A

21

36
Q

Breeders are what?

A

Sexed, vaccinated, beak/toe trimmed

37
Q

Housing types (up to 50 years ago)

A

Outdoor access with barn/nests

38
Q

Conventional cages were used up to ~____

A

2005

39
Q

Chickens have been put through decades of _____ _____ to be able to live in conventional cages

A

Genetic selection

40
Q

Benefits of conventional cages

A

Improved livability, more disease-free, less stress with smaller groups, cleaner eggs/less bacteria, greatly improved economics

41
Q

Drawbacks of conventional cages

A

No expresssion of behavior, poor skeletal health, poorer feathering, overgrown claws, more susceptible to heat stress

42
Q

Enriches includes environmental enrichment such as

A

Perches, scratching pads, dust baths, nest boxes

43
Q

Benefits of enriched cages

A

Allows for some natural behaviors

44
Q

Drawbacks of enriched cages

A

Malfunction of elements leading to injury, still a “cage”

45
Q

Barn/aviary housing have environmental enrichment such as

A

Nest boxes

46
Q

Benefits of barn/aviary

A

More apparent space, improved skeleton (not rly, broken keels), 3D (allows escape from pecking)

47
Q

Drawbacks of barn/aviary

A

Grouping on floor, foot pecking/bullying/egg cannibalism, mislaid eggs, health/biosecurity issues, air quality (dust and ammonia)

48
Q

Some challenges of barn/aviary

A

Broken keel bones, lighting, health and safety (salmonella), new unwanted behaviors, difficulty tracking hen behaviors

49
Q

Turkey industry major commercial breeds

A

Whitey hybrid, broad breasted white (aviagen and hybrid/hendrix only 2 genetics)

50
Q

Official name for turkey breeds

A

Galliformes Phasiadnidae Meleagris gallopavo (domesticus)

51
Q

Some different parts of turkey

A

Caruncles, snood, wattle (dewlap), major caruncle, beard

52
Q

Female turkeys

A

Hens

53
Q

Male turkeys

A

Toms

54
Q

Babies are

A

Poults or turkeylings

55
Q

Heavy toms produce

A

Turkey produce

56
Q

Thanksgiving turkeys are all

A

Hens

57
Q

Thanksgiving turkeys all hens. How many weeks?

A

12-14 wks

58
Q

Toms all

A

Turkey products

59
Q

Toms all turkey products. How many weeks?

A

16-19 weeks

60
Q

Turkey breeders use __ only

A

AI

61
Q

Turkey incubation lasts

A

~28 days

62
Q

Turkeys are

A

Sexed, vaccinated, beak/toe trimmed

63
Q

Common housing types for turkeys

A

Curtain sided or fully enclosed barns

64
Q

Curtain sided and fully enclosed barns include

A

Pine shavings

65
Q

For turkeys, need to _____ lighting because they are _____ breeders

A

Supplement; seasonal

66
Q

How is light supplied?

A

Bright light as poults

67
Q

Should decrease light in ___-___ to nearly dark conditions. How many hours?

A

Grow-out. Less than 10

68
Q

Challenges of curtain sided or fully enclosed barns

A

Lameness, welfare, overcrowding, biosecurity (AI), cannibalism in heavy toms

69
Q

Market weight for hens reached in

A

14 weeks

70
Q

Market weight for heavy toms reached in

A

19 weeks

71
Q

FCR for turkeys is

A

2.1

72
Q

Major broiler commercial breeds in USA

A

Broilers, cornish/cornish rock, pretty much same genetics around USA

73
Q

Broiler babies are called

A

Chicks

74
Q

Cornish game hens are

A

1-2 lbs, < 5 wks, either sex

75
Q

Broiler have __ day incubation, vaccinated, beak/toe trimmed

A

21

76
Q

Broiler breeders are

A

Slow growing broilers

77
Q

Broiler breeders have ___ restricted

A

Feed

78
Q

NRC suggests __ g/day/bird minimum

A

100

79
Q

Skip a day means __g/bird every other day

A

200

80
Q

Housing types for broilers

A

Fully enclosed, some curtain sided

81
Q

What type of lighting for broilers?

A

Typically moder, LED, lights but still some CF (J-lamps)

82
Q

Flooring for broilers?

A

All litter flooring, usually reused between flocks

83
Q

What are some challenges?

A

Lameness, lighting, biosecurity, feather pecking, cannibalism, high density, feeding schedules in breeders, woody breast (myofiber degeneration, increased fat and connective tissue)

84
Q

Market weight reached for broilers in ______ days

A

42-45

85
Q

FCR for broilers?

A

2.1

Blanton Slides (9 decks)

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