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Poultry Management Flashcards

1
Q

Major duck commercial breeds are called

A

Dabblers

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2
Q

Examples of major duck commercial breeds

A

Pekin duck, Muscovy, Mule ducks (Pekin x Muscovy)

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3
Q

Official name of Pekin duck

A

Anseriforme Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos (domesticus)

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4
Q

Official name of Muscovy

A

Anseriforme Anatidae Carinae moschota (domesticus)

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5
Q

Between Pekin and Muscovy which is domesticated and which is highly aggressive?

A

Pekin = domesticated; Muscovy = highly aggressive

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6
Q

Baby ducks are called?

A

Duckling

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7
Q

Grow-out ducks are?

A

Meat ducks

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8
Q

Developers are?

A

Younglings to become breeders

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9
Q

Breeders are called?

A

Hens and drakes

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10
Q

Best hens to drakes ratio?

A

~1:5

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11
Q

What happens if too many hens? Too many drakes?

A

Too many hens causes drakes to be “sexed out.” Too many drakes causes “homosexual relations”

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12
Q

Incubation lasts __ days for Pekin

A

28

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13
Q

Incubation lasts __ days for Muscovy

A

35

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14
Q

Incubation lasts __ days for Mallards

A

25-29

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15
Q

In the duck industry, there is little known about __ ______

A

Egg quality

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16
Q

Which types of barns predominate?

A

Curtain sided barns

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17
Q

Most efficient meat production? Fastest growing animal?

A

Ducks!

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18
Q

Is natural lighting and ventilation better?

A

Not better, the heat!

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19
Q

What do curtain sided barns have?

A

Pine shavings, straw, plastic slatted

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20
Q

It is important to _____ lighting. Why?

A

Supplement; They are seasonal breeders

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21
Q

What types of light are provided?

A

Kerosene lanterns, incandescent, fluorescent, LED

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22
Q

How many hours of light? Common?

A

18-24 hours of light (not uncommon)

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23
Q

Water sources?

A

Nipple lines, water troughs, showers, cup drinkers

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24
Q

What are some challenges?

A

Lameness, lighting, biosecurity (AI), water sources, “fatigued” ducks, flipovers

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25
Market weight is reached in... FCR?
28-45 days; FCR < 1.5
26
The layer industry major commercial breeds in USA
White leghorn hybrid, brown hyline /lohmann brown, lots of others for backyard flocks
27
Scientific name of these layer breeds
Galliformes phasianidae gallus gallus (domesticus)
28
Baby chickens are called?
Chicks
29
Pullets are...
Young females
30
Pullets are hens after...
16 weeks
31
Different cage styles
Conventional, cage-free
32
Different types of cage-free
Enriched cages, barn/open field, aviary
33
Breeders focus on genetic selection such as
Egg #/quality/size, BW uniformity, FCR
34
Breeders last
20-21 days
35
RGF is __ days
21
36
Breeders are what?
Sexed, vaccinated, beak/toe trimmed
37
Housing types (up to 50 years ago)
Outdoor access with barn/nests
38
Conventional cages were used up to ~____
2005
39
Chickens have been put through decades of _____ _____ to be able to live in conventional cages
Genetic selection
40
Benefits of conventional cages
Improved livability, more disease-free, less stress with smaller groups, cleaner eggs/less bacteria, greatly improved economics
41
Drawbacks of conventional cages
No expresssion of behavior, poor skeletal health, poorer feathering, overgrown claws, more susceptible to heat stress
42
Enriches includes environmental enrichment such as
Perches, scratching pads, dust baths, nest boxes
43
Benefits of enriched cages
Allows for some natural behaviors
44
Drawbacks of enriched cages
Malfunction of elements leading to injury, still a "cage"
45
Barn/aviary housing have environmental enrichment such as
Nest boxes
46
Benefits of barn/aviary
More apparent space, improved skeleton (not rly, broken keels), 3D (allows escape from pecking)
47
Drawbacks of barn/aviary
Grouping on floor, foot pecking/bullying/egg cannibalism, mislaid eggs, health/biosecurity issues, air quality (dust and ammonia)
48
Some challenges of barn/aviary
Broken keel bones, lighting, health and safety (salmonella), new unwanted behaviors, difficulty tracking hen behaviors
49
Turkey industry major commercial breeds
Whitey hybrid, broad breasted white (aviagen and hybrid/hendrix only 2 genetics)
50
Official name for turkey breeds
Galliformes Phasiadnidae Meleagris gallopavo (domesticus)
51
Some different parts of turkey
Caruncles, snood, wattle (dewlap), major caruncle, beard
52
Female turkeys
Hens
53
Male turkeys
Toms
54
Babies are
Poults or turkeylings
55
Heavy toms produce
Turkey produce
56
Thanksgiving turkeys are all
Hens
57
Thanksgiving turkeys all hens. How many weeks?
12-14 wks
58
Toms all
Turkey products
59
Toms all turkey products. How many weeks?
16-19 weeks
60
Turkey breeders use __ only
AI
61
Turkey incubation lasts
~28 days
62
Turkeys are
Sexed, vaccinated, beak/toe trimmed
63
Common housing types for turkeys
Curtain sided or fully enclosed barns
64
Curtain sided and fully enclosed barns include
Pine shavings
65
For turkeys, need to _____ lighting because they are _____ breeders
Supplement; seasonal
66
How is light supplied?
Bright light as poults
67
Should decrease light in ___-___ to nearly dark conditions. How many hours?
Grow-out. Less than 10
68
Challenges of curtain sided or fully enclosed barns
Lameness, welfare, overcrowding, biosecurity (AI), cannibalism in heavy toms
69
Market weight for hens reached in
14 weeks
70
Market weight for heavy toms reached in
19 weeks
71
FCR for turkeys is
2.1
72
Major broiler commercial breeds in USA
Broilers, cornish/cornish rock, pretty much same genetics around USA
73
Broiler babies are called
Chicks
74
Cornish game hens are
1-2 lbs, < 5 wks, either sex
75
Broiler have __ day incubation, vaccinated, beak/toe trimmed
21
76
Broiler breeders are
Slow growing broilers
77
Broiler breeders have ___ restricted
Feed
78
NRC suggests __ g/day/bird minimum
100
79
Skip a day means __g/bird every other day
200
80
Housing types for broilers
Fully enclosed, some curtain sided
81
What type of lighting for broilers?
Typically moder, LED, lights but still some CF (J-lamps)
82
Flooring for broilers?
All litter flooring, usually reused between flocks
83
What are some challenges?
Lameness, lighting, biosecurity, feather pecking, cannibalism, high density, feeding schedules in breeders, woody breast (myofiber degeneration, increased fat and connective tissue)
84
Market weight reached for broilers in ______ days
42-45
85
FCR for broilers?
2.1

Blanton Slides (9 decks)

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