Dairy Industry Flashcards
States ranking 1, 2, 3, 15
California, Wisconsin, Idaho, Indiana
Best marketing scheme/ploy
Milk production
Leading countries for number of cattle (Most to least)
India, EU, Brazil, Russian Red, US
Leading countries in fluid milk production (Most to least)
EU, US, India, China, Russian Fed.
Dairy production is _____ specialized. Like what?
Highly; Production, processing, and distribution, invest in cows, machinery, barns, parlors
Average US dairy has how many cows, farm how many acres of land, and market how..?
135 milking cows, 200-300 acres of land, market through co-ops
Number of dairy herds has been _____
Decreasing
Investments in dairy herds exceed $_________ and most have ________
$500,000; partnerships
Average herd size has been _____
Increasing
Total number of dairy cows in US has been _____
Decreasing
Milk production per cow has been ______
Increasing
Production trend show that… Result from what?
Total US milk production continue to increase. Result from good breeding, feeding, health, and management
One gallon of milk weighs _____ lbs
8.6
How are milk prices determined?
Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMO)
How did pre-2000 farm bills producers get paid?
Received a government milk payment (mailbox price)
Farm bill req for FMMO
Milk handlers (processors/co-ops) are required to pay producers based on their milk utilization, producers in a market share in proceeds of all milk sales pooled, a minimum milk price reflects end-product pricing
Agriculture commodities are traded in ______
Chicago
Southeast part of US (Florida, Texas…) are importers or exporters of milk?
Importers
Which breed’s milk is the most water?
Holstein
Class 2 Milk
Soft dairy products - Ice cream, yogurt, cottage cheese
Class 1 Milk
Fluid milk for drinking, includes eggnog and buttermilk
Class 3 Milk
Hard dairy products - Hard cheese, cream cheese, and whey
Class 4 Milk
Butter and dry products (powdered milk)
Which class of milk is typically the most valuable?
Class 1
_______ levels and ____ costs are causing changes to class __ values
Consumption; fuel; 1
Prices are based on milk _______ and ______ of milk
Components; volume
Between IN and FL which is the importer and exporter?
FL = Importer, IN = Exporter
IN $/cwt?
$1.60
FL $/cwt?
$6.00
From ____ - _____ milk price (mailbox price) was set by the ____
1930; 2008; USDA
Price tied to a __lb block of cheese sold on the ______ mercantile
40; Chicago
What were some problems with the mailbox price?
Small number of milk processors, non-official coordination of prices, DFA ($12 mill fine for price manipulation)
Holsteins produce ____ - _____ lbs per year
2500; 3000
How much do Holsteins consume daily?
100 lbs
100lbs are what?
20lbs hay, 20lbs silage, 10-20lbs corn, 6-12lbs supplement
Lactation is generally __ months
10
Milk production peaks in year __
3
How many dairy cattle? Increase or decrease how much?
9.4 million; Up 2%
How many beef cattle? Increase or decrease how much?
28.9 million; Down 4%
How many calves? Increase or decrease how much?
34.5 million; Down 2%
How many pounds of milk in US?
226 billion pounds
How many pounds of milk are exported out of the US? How much $ is that? Increase/decrease? By how much?
40 billion pounds; $9.6 billion; Up 25%
High-quality labor include what?
High yield, innovative, local markets
High-quality labor high yield are ___ over national average
25%
___ cows per FTE in high-quality labor
60
___lbs per FTE in quality labor
1.2M
Low-input dairy includes what?
Pasture-based (don’t farm feed), low investment (limited tech), 100 cows per FTE, primarily cow managers (inputs are purchased), niche markets
Intensive dairy includes what?
Multiples of 250/2500 cows, large immigrant labor, tanker of milk (600), large debt/business, purchase most feed, consulting nutritionist/vet, division of labor
Intensive dairy division of labor includes what
Milk, cropping/feeding, develop replacements, manure management
Calf ranch includes what?
Development of heifers, grow and breed, often contract work, $2200/heifer, 2-types
Calf ranch individually housed benefits
Reduce the risk of disease transfer, prevent sucking on each other, nutrition, monitor calf health
Calf ranch individually housed drawbacks
Labor intensive, limited social interaction, behavioral modification
Calf ranch group housing advantages
Improved daily gain, increased intake, less stress, improved health
Calf ranch group housed disadvantages
Facilities maintenance, must group by age, less control of the spread of disease, more land
Bulls
Genomic evaluation tests (cows too), 98% of breeding AI, computer generated, mean
