Poultry Flashcards
Poultry are raised for what four reasons?
Meat, Eggs, Feathers, Work
Poultry history - what happened in 1889?
Artificial light - used for egg production
Poultry history - what happened in 1971?
Newcastle disease in L.A. - 3 million birds destroyed
Marek’s disease accounted for what percentage of deaths in poultry prior to the vaccine?
25-60%
Newcastle disease was responsible for the destruction of how many poultry in L.A. in 1971?
3 million
What disease was responsible for the destruction of 3 million poultry in L.A. in 1971?
Newcastle disease
When did Newcastle disease strike the poultry industry in L.A.?
1971
When was the artificial light invented, and used in egg production?
1889
How many California egg layers, eggs, and eggs per 100 layers were there monthly in 2022?
13.48 million layers,
321.2 million eggs,
2,383 eggs per 100 layers
Poultry - there were 321.2 _____ in California each month in 2022
eggs
Poultry - there were 13.48 _____ in California each month in 2022
million egg layers
Poultry - there were 2,383 _____ in California each month in 2022
eggs per 100 layers
How many billion poultry were in the US 2022? China? World total?
US 9.22 (or 29.22 depending)
China 4.74
World 30
There were 29.22 _______ poultry where in 2022?
Billion, USA
There were 4.74 _______ poultry where in 2022?
Billion, China
There were 30 _______ poultry where in 2022?
Billion, World
What class do chickens belong to?
Class Aves (Avian)
What two species do chickens and turkeys belong to
Gallus domesticus, Meleagris galiopavo (turkey)
In Poultry, Breed means what? Strain means what?
Breed - animals of common origin with characteristics distinguishing them from other groups of same species
Strain - family or breeding population within a variety(subdivision of breed) that possesses common traits
In Poultry, what is the term for animals of common origin with characteristics distinguishing them from other groups of same species
Breed
In Poultry, what is the term for a family or breeding population within a variety that possesses common traits
Strain
What are three Egg Laying Breeds in Poultry?
Leghorn
Ancona
Minorca
Leghorns are what type of Poultry Breed?
Egg Laying
Ancona are what type of Poultry Breed?
Egg Laying
Minorca are what type of Poultry Breed?
Egg Laying
How many eggs does a good laying hen lay in the first year?
20 dozen in 1st year
What age do pullets lay their first eggs? What is unusual about these first eggs?
20-24 weeks, small eggs
At 20-24 weeks, pullets do what?
Lay first eggs
Orpingtons are what type of Poultry Breed?
Meat
Cornish are what type of Poultry Breed?
Meat
Australorp are what type of Poultry Breed?
Meat
Orpingtons, Cornish, and Australorp are what type of Poultry?
Meat
What separates meat chickens from egg laying chickens?
Greater feed conversion ratio
A greater feed conversion ratio separates what type of chickens?
Meat from egg laying
New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, and Rhode Island Red are what kind of Poultry breed?
Dual Purpose
New Hampshire are what type of Poultry Breed?
`Dual Purpose
Plymouth Rock are what type of Poultry Breed?
Dual Purpose
Rhode Island Red are what type of Poultry Breed?
Dual Purpose
What are three meat Poultry breeds?
Orpingtons,
Cornish,
Australorp
What are three dual purpose Poultry breeds?
New Hampshire,
Plymouth Rock,
Rhode Island Red
What is a Bantam?
Exhibition Breed, 1/4 or less the size of large fowl, includes Seabrights and Silkies as well as miniatures of larger breeds
Seabrights and Silkies are examples of what type of chicken?
Bantam, Exhibition Breed
What kind of chicken is 1/4 or less the size of large fowl?
Bantam
This type of chicken is the most numerous breed in the US, laying 240-250 eggs per year
Leghorn
What is noteworthy about the Leghorn chicken?
Most numerous breed in US
How many eggs does the Leghorn lay per year?
240-250
What are three features of the Araucana chicken?
Blue, greenish eggs
Rumpless
No tail
What chicken breed has blue-greenish eggs, is rumpless, and has no tail?
Araucana
Plymouth Rock chickens are known for what three features?
Hardy, docile mothers
Meat and egg production
Brown eggs
What chicken breed is known for being hardy, docile mothers, having good meat and egg production, and laying brown eggs?
Plymouth Rock
What chicken breed is known for laying brown eggs?
Rhode Island Red
Rhode Island Red chickens are known for what?
Laying brown eggs
The Cornish chicken is known for what three features?
Developed as ultimate meat bird
Wide, muscular breast,
Short legs
What chicken breed was developed as the ultimate meat bird, has a wide, muscular breast, and has short legs?
Cornish
The Ross chicken is known for what features?
Industry standard for broiler growth rate, feed conversion rate
What chicken breed is the industry standard for broiler growth rate, and feed conversion rate?
Ross
What is a Capon?
Castrated male chicken under 8 months
What is the name for a castrated male chicken under 8 months?
Capon
What is a Stag (chicken)?
Male chicken under 10 months
What is the name for a male chicken under 10 months
Stag
What is the body temperature and beats/minute at rest of a chicken?
104-109F, 300 beats/minute
At what point should poultry be fed higher protein, low calcium?
Meat breeds, Dual purpose 0-18 wks, Layers 0-18 wks
At what point should poultry be fed lower protein, high calcium?
Egg layers 18 wks and older
Why are calcium supplements important for egg layers? Where is calcium sourced?
Eggshells made from calcium carbonate,
Oyster shells
What are eggshells made from?
Calcium carbonate
What are four minimum requirements for backyard housing chickens?
Good drainage (on a hill)
Heated or insulated in cold weather to prevent combs and wattles from freezing
Screened openings for ventilation
Electricity, as layers require 14 hours of light
Open sheds in poultry are used for what kind of bird?
Free-range
Free range poultry uses what kind of housing?
Open sheds
Enclosed houses in poultry allow for what kinds of regulation?
Light, temperature, and ventilation
Light, temperature, and ventilation can be regulated in what kind of poultry housing?
Enclosed houses
What is CA Prop 2 in Poultry?
Requires CA eggs to come from chickens with enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely
What CA Prop requires CA eggs to come from chickens with enough room to fully extend their limbs and turn around freely?
Prop 2
List and Describe the ten parts of the Avian digestive system, in order
Mouth/beak - Gathers and breaks down feed
Esophagus - tube from mouth to stomach
Crop - feed storage and moistening
Proventriculus - glandular stomach (HCL & gastric juices) for enzymatic breakdown
Gizzard - Muscular stomach for mechanical breakdown
Small intestine - enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats. -absorption of end products of digestion
Ceca - essentially non functioning
Large intestine - bacterial activity, water absorption, waste storage
Cloaca - common chamber for GI, urinary tract, repro track
Vent - common exit of GI and urinary tract
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Mouth/beak?
Gathers and breaks down feed
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Esophagus?
tube from mouth to stomach
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Crop?
feed storage and moistening
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Proventriculus?
glandular stomach (HCL & gastric juices) for enzymatic breakdown
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Gizzard?
Muscular stomach for mechanical breakdown
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the small intestine?
enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats. -absorption of end products of digestion
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Ceca?
essentially non functioning
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the large intestine?
bacterial activity, water absorption, waste storage
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Cloaca?
common chamber for GI, urinary tract, repro track
In Poultry, what is the purpose of the Vent?
common exit of GI and urinary tract
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is responsible for feed storage and moistening?
Crop
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the glandular stomach (HCL & gastric juices) responsible for enzymatic breakdown?
Proventriculus
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the muscular stomach, responsible for mechanical breakdown?
Gizzard
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is responsible for the enzymatic digestion of proteins, carbs, and fats, and the absorption of end products of digestion?
Small intestine
In Poultry, what is the name for the digestive organ that is essentially non functioning?
Ceca
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the common chamber for GI, urinary tract, and repro track?
Cloaca
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is the common exit of GI and urinary tract?
Vent
In Poultry, what is the name for the organ that is responsible for bacterial activity, water absorption, and waste storage?
Large intestine
List and Describe the five parts of the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, in order
Infundibulum - Funnel; picks up yolk after ovulation
Magnum - Secretes albumen/egg white (3 hours)
Isthmus - Secretes shell membrane (1.25 hours)
Uterus - Secretes calcium carbonate shell (20 hours)
Vagina - stores and expels fully formed egg; adds cuticle to egg (1 hr)
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the infundibulum serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Funnel that picks up yolk after ovulation
Egg remains here undetermined amt of time
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Magnum serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Secretes albumen/egg white (3 hours)
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Isthmus serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Secretes shell membrane (1.25 hours)
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Uterus serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Secretes calcium carbonate shell (20 hours)
In the Avian reproductive/egg laying system, what function does the Vagina serve?
How long does the egg remain here?
Stores and expels fully formed egg; adds cuticle to egg; 1 hour
What part of the egg laying system is a funnel that picks up yolk after ovulation;
Egg remains here undetermined amt of time
Infundibulum
What part of the egg laying system secretes albumen/egg white (3 hours)?
Magnum
What part of the egg laying system secretes the shell membrane (1.25 hours)
Isthmus
What part of the egg laying system secretes the calcium carbonate shell (20 hours)
Uterus
What part of the egg laying system stores and expels the fully formed egg; adds cuticle to egg; 1 hour
Vagina
What three criteria are used for determining grade AA eggs?
White thick and firm,
Yolks are high, round, almost free from defects,
Clean and unbroken shells
What is Candling in poultry?
Examining intact egg using a strong light
What do you look for when Candling eggs? (3 entries)
Shell soundness, interior quality, stage of embryonic development
How many lbs of meat do Turkeys generate each year? Where are they native to?
7.2 billion lbs
US
What poultry is native to US and produced 7.2 billion lbs of meat each year?
Turkey
What are three uses for ducks?
Meat, Eggs, and Weed eaters
What poultry is used for meat, eggs, and weed eating?
Ducks
What three states lead in numbers of ducks? How many do they have?
Indiana, 1,179,062
Wisconsin, 832,573
California, 817,765
How many ducks are in Indiana?
1,179,062
How many ducks are in Wisconsin?
832,573
How many ducks are in California?
817,765
What state has 1,179,062 ducks?
Indiana
What state has 832,573 ducks?
Wisconsin
What state has 817,765 ducks?
California
Most breeds of duck originate from what species? What is the exception?
Wild Mallard;
Muscovy - S. America
In ducks, the Khaki Campbell is known for what?
Best egg layer
What is the best egg layer among ducks?
Khaki Campbell
What is the most desirable table duck?
Pekin
Among ducks, what is the Pekin known for?
Most desirable table duck
Where was the Muscovy duck developed? What are three characteristics
Brazil
Caruncles above the eyes and around the beak; quackless; has claws
What duck has caruncles above the eyes and around the beak, is quackless, and has claws? It was developed in Brazil
Muscovy
What happens when Muscovy breed with other ducks?
Steriles mules result
What duck breed is genetically different from all other duck breeds?
Muscovy
Geese are claimed to be the _____? What are they used for?
Oldest domestic animal
Good roughage burners
When were Geese used in China, symbolizing what?
6000 y.a.
Gifts to bride and groom symbolizing faithfulness and loyalty.
Geese are monogamous and mate for life
What poultry was used in China 6000 y.a., as wedding gifts to symbolize faithfulness and loyalty?
Geese
What poultry is monogamous and mates for life?
Geese
What poultry is claimed to be the oldest domestic animal, used as a good roughage burner?
Geese
The Toulouse goose is known for what characteristics?
Largest and most popular in the US, will practically have its body dragging on the ground
What goose variety is the largest and most popular in the US, and will practically have its body dragging on the ground?
Toulouse
What are three characteristics of the Emden goose?
Fast growth, large size
Blue eyes, tall and erect stance leads to air of intelligence
Can be sexed when younger because males are lighter in color
What goose variety is known for a fast growth, large size,
and blue eyes?
Emden
What goose variety is known for a tall and erect stance leading to an air of intelligence? They can be sexed when younger because males are lighter in color.
Emden
What are 4 signs of aggression in geese?
Beeline posture, neck stretched, head down, hissing sounds
How to prevent goose aggression? 5 ways.
Greeting, clapping, stomping feet, waving arms, and extending arms with a pointed finger
How do Muscovy ducks bond?
indiscriminately
What duck breed bonds indiscriminately?
Muscovy
What are the top three states for Ostriches?
Texas, Ca, KS
Texas, Ca, and KS are the top three states for what Poultry?
Ostrich
Males ostriches, called Cocks, have what characteristic? What should be done?
Extremely aggressive, should be fed or penned
