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BVSc2 AM2 > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chain of laying hens?

A

Grandparent flock lays breeding flock
Breeding flock las pullets which become all female laying flock
These lay the infertile eggs that are for sale

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2
Q

How long does it take to become laying age?

A

16 weeks

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3
Q

How long are chickens layers?

A

16-70 weeks

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4
Q

What is the chain for broiler chickens?

A

Grandparent flock
Breeding flock
Table birds

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5
Q

How long are table birds alive for?

A

5/6 weeks

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6
Q

How are chickens sexed?

A

Females red

males white

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7
Q

What types of farm are there for poultry?

A

Rearing farm
Laying farm
Broiler farm

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8
Q

What are pullets?

A

Young laying hens before they start laying

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9
Q

How is the broiler industry different?

A

Most intensively farmed
most mechanised
low labour

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10
Q

What businesses control the layer market?

A

Major egg packers

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11
Q

What business controls th ebroiler industry?

A

Processors

Mostly contract production

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12
Q

What are the 3 main layer breeds?

A

Hyline
Lohman
Novogen

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13
Q

WHat are the two main broiler breeds?

A

Avian

Cobb

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14
Q

What is different about free range?

A

Loose housed

Access outside through popholes during day

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15
Q

What is the stocking density for broilers?

A

14birds/m2

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16
Q

What is the stocking density fro layers?

A

7 birds/m2

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17
Q

How are turkeys usually housed?

A

Indoor

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18
Q

What is different about ducks and geese?

A

Ducks feed in water, geese on land

Geese same colour male and female, ducks dimorphic

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19
Q

What must ducks have?

A

Water trough that they can dunk their heads in

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20
Q

What is used to bring birds into lay?

A

Extended day lengths

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21
Q

How much light should broilers have?

A

6 hrs

4 hrs continuous

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22
Q

How much daylight should laying hens get?

A

8hrs

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23
Q

What kind of lighting are chicks used to?

A

Intermittent

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24
Q

What problems can you get with lighting?

A

Can see flickering lights more than humans

need UV light

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25
Q

How much do ducks weigh at slaughter?

A

males 5kg

females 3kg

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26
Q

How much do broilers weigh at slaughter?

A

2.3kg

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27
Q

How much do turkeys weigh at slaughter?

A

7-10kg

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28
Q

What is important to note about temp in chickens?

A

Packed to tight can cause overheating

46 degrees is fatal

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29
Q

How often are eggs layed?

A

Every 22-26 hrs

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30
Q

What is the basic anatomy cycle of egg laying?

A 
Yolk from ovary
fertilised in oviduct
Albumin from magnum
shell added in shell gland in uterus
laid via cloaca
31
Q

How long are eggs incubated for?

A

21 days

32
Q

What is keel damage caused by?

A

Collisions with furnishings

Low calcium levels

33
Q

What does keel damage cause?

A

Reduced productivity

34
Q

What are Welfare problems in laying hens?

A

Cage layer fatigue
Injurous pecking
Keel damage

35
Q

What does injurous feather pecking cause?

A

Increased feed consumption to keep warm
more death
decreased production

36
Q

When is beak trimming done and why?

A

Before 10 days

less damaging feather pecking

37
Q

What does beak trimming cause?

A

Less eating so slower growth
Acute pain when occurs
sensory deprivation
less active

38
Q

What is the method of beak trimming used?

A

Infrared trimming
more accurate
no open wound
fall off 10 days later

39
Q

What are the main welfare concerns of broilers?

A

Rapid growth rate causing lameness and heart defects
space
pododermatitis - poor litter

40
Q

What is the max stocking density of broilers?

A

33kg/m2

41
Q

What are factors for ventilation in poultry?

A

Humidity - wet litter, heat stress
Dusty
High ammonia levels

42
Q

What does poor ventilation cause in chickens?

A

resp diseases
conjunctivitis
infectious bronchitis

43
Q

What are the main welfare concerns in broiler breeders?

A

Mating behaviour - agressive

Hunger

44
Q

WHat is normal jungle fowl courtship behaviour?

A 
Feather ruffling
crowing
waltzing
food gifts
high step advance
45
Q

Why is feed restricted in broiler breeders?

A

Stop fast growth, lameness
increases repro health
reduces mortality

46
Q

What are indicators of hunger and stress?

A 
Hyperactivity
Pacing
Stereotypic pecking
overdrinking
corticosterone
47
Q

How do you make hunger a bit better for the broiler breeders?

A

Environmental enrichment

scattering of food

48
Q

WHen does turkey growth rates flatten?

A

18wks in females

22 wks in males

49
Q

What are welfare problems in turkeys?

A

Foot pad lesions
heat stress
injurous pecking
handling and transport causing injuries

50
Q

What are welfare problems in ducks?

A

Access to open water
injurious pecking
wet litter
Fall on back and cant get up

51
Q

What are the two diseases associated with poultry meat?

A

Campylobacter

Salmonella

52
Q

What are the two notifiable diseases in poultry?

A

Newcastle disease

Avian influenza - zoonotic

53
Q

Who must be informed if notifiable disease?

A

APHA

54
Q

How are poultry often vaccinated?

A

Course spray

55
Q

How long do birds spend foraging?

A

60% of time

56
Q

What causes birds to adjust their feed intake?

A

Energy density eg. more fat than fibre

57
Q

What type of fibre to birds eat?

A

Wheat and barley

58
Q

What are non starch polysaccharides?

A

Indigestible dietary fibre
Can be water soluble or insoluble
enzyme supplement help to digest it so more energy

59
Q

What is used to grind up food in birds?

A

Gizzard

60
Q

What does insoluble fibre improve?

A

Increased gizzard weight
better GI tract function
More HCl and enzymes, bile acid

61
Q

How is fibre linked to injurious pecking?

A

More insoluble fibre increases satiety so decreases motivation to forage which decreases injurious feather pecking

62
Q

What provides fat in poultry diet?

A

Soya, recycled veg oil

63
Q

What is fat good for?

A

Higher egg weight and yolk proportion
better broiler performance
Help with transport of vitamins

64
Q

What is an essential fatty acid in birds?

A

Linoleic acid from omega 3 or omega 6

65
Q

What is important to note with poultry protein?

A

Need to get essential amino acids which can be supplemented in feed
If not then poor performance

66
Q

What is different about natural diet to artificial diet of poultry?

A

Natural diet would also have worms and insects

but only allowed to be plant based in the UK

67
Q

How is calcium fed to chickens?

A

CaCO3 limestone, and oyster shell

also need vitamin D and phosphorus

68
Q

What form is food given in?

A

Pellets for broilers - all nutrients

mashed feeds for layers as increases time spent feeding so decreases injurious pecking

69
Q

What must you do if you have more than 50 birds?

A

Register to the DEFRA poultry register

70
Q

What are class A eggs?

A

Part of salmonella flock plan

71
Q

What must you do if buying chicks?

A

Vaccinate them

72
Q

How must backyard poultry be housed?

A

Outdoors

With shelter, protection, ventilation, perching and space, able to ground peck

73
Q

What can you feed backyard poultry?

A 
Commercial feed in morning
whole grain in evening
veg matter but not kitchen waste
Mealworm treats
Oystershell grit
74
Q

What routine treatments are done on backyard poultry?

A

Wing clipping
Beak tipping - top beak clipped to meet lower beak, different to beak clipping
Claw trimming
Bareback saddles for mating to protect feathers

BVSc2 AM2 (5 decks)

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