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BVSc2 AM2 > Cattle and sheep breeding > Flashcards

Cattle and sheep breeding Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of AI?

A 
Genetic gain - more selection
International trade in genetics
control spread of venereal disease
Decreased reliance on service bulls
Gene banking/archive
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2
Q

Disadvantages of AI?

A 
Requires heat detection
Needs skilled people
Infectious diseases spread through semen
Genetic faults spread easily
limited availability in some species eg. alpaca
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3
Q

What is genetic index?

A

Combined measure of an animals ability ot transmit its genetic characteristic to the next generation

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4
Q

How are genetic indexes calculated?

A

Progeny testing - test daughters

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5
Q

What is the heritability?

A

Genetic variation as a proportion of the total variation

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6
Q

What is the predicted transmitting ability?

A

The average genetic merit that an animal is expected to pass onto its progeny
Its half the predictive breeding value

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7
Q

What is £PLI?

A

Genetic index developed specifically for dairy farmers for specific breeds

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8
Q

Genomics?

A

Used instead of progeny performance

Less accurate, but more accurate than parent average alone

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9
Q

What is heterosis/hybrid vigour?

A

Introducing different breeds/genetics

Perform better

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10
Q

What are some recessive diseases in Holstein friesians?

A

Complex vertebral malformation

brachyspina

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11
Q

How is sexed semen produced?

A

Sperm sorted using flow cytometry - female has more DNA than male

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12
Q

What are proofs?

A

Data on bulls

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13
Q

What are composite breeds?

A

Characteristics of a few different breeds used to produce a stable breed

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14
Q

What are estimated breeding values?

A

Predict superiority of the genes an animal possesses for each measure trait

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15
Q

What is associated with the EBV which determines how they will change over time?

A

Accuracy value

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16
Q

What are selection indices?

A

Combine EBV for a number of traits

compare them to the average

17
Q

What is inbreeding?

A

The mating of individuals more closely related than the average for the population

18
Q

What is inbreeding depression?

A

Decline in fitness due to inbreeding

19
Q

What is the inbreeding coefficient?

A

The degree of relationship of the animals

20
Q

What inbreeding coefficient is acceptable?

A

Less than 6.25%

21
Q

What is a freemartin?

A

In mixed sex twins the female is sterile
male hormones Masculinise the female foetus due to common blood circulation
Mullerian inhibition substance
testosterone

22
Q

How to diagnose freemartin>

A

adult vaginal length and rectal palpation

y chromosome in blood

BVSc2 AM2 (5 decks)

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