Potential Short Answers

Question 1

What are internalizing problems? Give two examples & describe the risks.

Answer 1

Internalizing problems is the experience of distress, but the feelings are directed inward.

Depressed Mood

• Enduring sadness, most common (1/3 ados), peaks in mid-adolescence.
  * Risks:
  * Conflict w/ peers and family, rejection in love, poor school performance.

Major Depressive Disorder

• Psych. diagnosis, 4+ other symptoms, 3 to 7% of ados.
• Risks:
  * Diasthesis (genetic risks), stress, being female.

Suicide
*Third most common cause of death among 15-19 year olds.

Question 2

What are the treatments for depression and suicidal ideation?

Answer 2

Treatments:

*Antidepressants, psychotherapy (CBT), combination of both.

Question 3

What factors contribute to crash risk & fatalities?

Answer 3

1) Inexperience
2) Types of risks taken while driving
* Intoxication, how they drive, no seat belts.
3) Invulnerability and optimistic bias.
4) Friends/peer influence
5) Driver characteristics
* Increased risk for those high in sensation seeking and aggressiveness.
* Higher in sensation seeking in adolescence and EA.
* Especially high among adolescent males.

Question 4

Who’s more likely to commit crimes & be victims of crimes?

Answer 4

• An adolescent or emerging adult

* Male

Question 5

Most likely to have financial & substance use problems? (Delinquency)

Answer 5

Life-Course-Persistent Delinquency > Adolescence-Limited Delinquency > Non-Delinquents

Question 6

How many 13 to 17-year-olds have access to digital devices?

Answer 6

88%.

Question 7

How many hours to adolescents spend on average per day using medias?

Answer 7

8hours/day.

Note: this is a combination of traditional and digital media. 1/4 of the time is spent “multi-(media)tasking”

Question 8

Why do adolescents use the media?

Answer 8

1) Entertainment
* Fun, distracting, undemanding, passive.
2) High Sensation
* Provide intense and novel sensations.
* E.g. action movies, heavy metal, rap.
3) Coping
* Connect with emotions, dispel negative emotions, distract from emotions.
4) Youth Culture Identification
* Connection to youth culture or subculture.
* Fulfills need to belong.
5) Identity Formation
* Exposure to new possibilities
* Exploration of multiple identities.
* Gender role identity, gender ideals.
* Appearance, interests, career goals, etc.
* Imitation/inspiration
* Development of values, morals, beliefs.
* Validation
* Opportunities to express and reveal our true selves.
* Challenging and transforming cultural norms in online and offline contexts.

Question 9

What are the good and bad aspects of social media usage?

Answer 9

Good:

* Opportunity for MORE social interactions by enhancing connections. 
       * New contexts for social connection, feelings of connectedness, opportunity to voice opinions. 
       * Accessible support. 

Bad:
*Physical problems, negative influences, reduced privacy, cyberbullying, social comparisons, continual awareness of appearance/self-presentation, reliance on technology, lower quality interactions.

Question 10

What are the benefits of adolescent work?

Answer 10

1) Money
* Leisure, shopping, entertainment.
2) Gain/learn responsibility, independence, work ethic. 3) Develop new occupational skills (work experience, skill development, time management)
4) Broaden social networks, develop social skills.
* New peers, social groups.

Question 11

What is Erikson’s theory and what are the challenges?

Answer 11

Intimacy vs. Isolation.

Challenge: developing an intimate relationship without compromising one’s own individuality.

Question 12

What is Sullivan’s theory on development and relationships?

Answer 12

Development is a series of stages, and