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OPP 1 > Posture Lecture (8/8/13) > Flashcards

Posture Lecture (8/8/13) Flashcards

1. Define the planes and axes of motion in the body 2. Define directional descriptors 3. Describe ideal standing posture 4. Describe physiologic curves in the sagittal plane. 5.Describe the relationships b/w a vertical plumb line and body positioning in ideal posture, relaxed posture and military posture. 6. Describe ideal sleeping position' 7. Describe ideal seated posture. 8. Define accommodation, compensation, and decompensation. 9. List factors that produce decompensation to ideal po

1
Q

What is an axis?

A

Axis is a line that goes through the body, movement occurs around an axis.

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2
Q

What is a plane?

A

A plane slices the body in halves, Movement occurs within a plane.

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3
Q

Conclusions about planes and axis.

A
  • Physiological movement of the human body occurs within a plane and around an axis.
  • Axis that a movement occurs around is perpendicular to the plane that a movement occurs in.?
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4
Q

What is the axis going toward the head and feet?

A

Superior/ inferior axis

  • Superior: toward the head
  • Inferior: toward the feet
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5
Q

What are the alternate description for superior/inferior axis?

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Vertical
  • Cephalad/ Caudad
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6
Q

What is movement around the superior/inferior axis called?

A

Rotation

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7
Q

What is the axis going from front to back of the body called?

A

Anterior/Posterior axis

  • Anterior: toward the front of the body
  • Posterior: toward the back of the body
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8
Q

What are the alternate descriptions of the anterior/posterior axis?

A
  • Dorsal/ventral

- Sagittal

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9
Q

What are movements around the anterior/posterior axis?

A
  • Abduction/ adduction

- Lateral flexion/ sidebending

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10
Q

What are abduction/ adduction?

A

Abduction: movement bringing a limb away from the sagittal plane.
Adduction: movement bring a limb toward the sagittal plane.

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11
Q

What is the axis going from left to right?

A

Right/left axis

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12
Q

What are the alternate descriptions of right/left axis?

A
  • Frontal axis

- Medial/lateral axis

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13
Q

What are the movement around the right/left axis?

A

Flexion/extension

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14
Q

What plane divides the body into left and right halves?

A

Sagittal plane

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15
Q

What movements occur in sagittal plane?

A

Flexion and extension

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16
Q

What plane divides the body into front and back halves?

A

Coronal plane

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17
Q

What movements occur in coronal plane?

A
  • Sidebending

- Abduction/adduction

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18
Q

What plane divides the body into upper and lower halves?

A

Transverse plane

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19
Q

What movements occur in transverse plane?

A

Rotation

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20
Q

What plane and axis do Flexion and extension occur in?

A

Sagittal plane and right/left axis

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21
Q

What plane and axis do Sidebending and abduction/adduction occur in?

A

Coronal plane and anterior/posterior axis

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22
Q

What plane and axis do Rotation occur in?

A

Transverse plane and superior/inferior axis

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23
Q

Front of the body = ?

A

anterior (ventral)

24
Q

Back of the body = ?

A

posterior (dorsal)

25
Q

Toward the head = ?

A

superior/cephalad/cranial

26
Q

Toward the feet = ?

A

inferior/caudad

27
Q

Closer to midline = ?

A

Medial

28
Q

Further away from midline = ?

A

Lateral

29
Q

Further away from center of the body =?

A

Distal

30
Q

Closer to the center of the body = ?

A

Proximal

31
Q

Same side of the body = ?

A

Ipsilateral

32
Q

Opposite side of the body = ?

A

Contralateral

33
Q

Both sides of the body = ?

A

Bilateral

34
Q

What is posture determined by?

A

Posture is determined by the force of gravity on the body mass and strength of the individual

35
Q

What are the postural contexts?

A
  • Standing
  • Seated
  • Lateral recumbent (side-lying)
  • Supine (lying face up)
  • Prone (lying facing down)
36
Q

What is the ideal standing posture in Coronal plane?

A
  • Symmetry
  • Upper extremities: hanging parallel along trunk
  • Lower extremities: feet shoulder with apart
37
Q

What is the ideal standing posture in Transverse plane?

A
  • Symmetry
  • Upper extremities: shoulders medially rotated 20 degrees relative to anatomic position.
  • Lower extremities: feet rotated laterally 20 degrees relative to anatomic position.
38
Q

What is the ideal standing position in Sagittal plane?

A
  • Proportionality
  • Plumb line relationships
  • Lower extremities: feet positioned as in anatomical position.
39
Q

What is the physiological curve in the sagittal plane of the cervical region?

A
  • C1 - C7
  • Convex forward/ anteriorly
  • Normal lordotic curve
40
Q

What is the physiological curve in the sagittal plane of the thoracic region?

A
  • T1 - T12
  • Concave forward/ anteriorly
  • Normal kyphotic curve
41
Q

What is the physiological curve in the sagittal plane of the lumbar region?

A
  • L1 - L5
  • Convex forward/ anteriorly
  • Normal lordotic curve
42
Q

What is the physiological curve in the sagittal plane of the sacral region?

A
  • 5 fused vertebrae
  • Concave forward/ anteriorly
  • Normal kyphotic curve
43
Q

What is the ideal standing position on the superior/inferior axis?

A

Superior/inferior axis goes through 5 points on the body:

  • Ear
  • Shoulder
  • Hip
  • Knee
  • Ankle
44
Q

What happens with the military posture?

A

In the military posture, anterior weight is increased

45
Q

What is the ideal sleeping position?

A
  • Firm surface
  • Lie on 1 side
  • Head on pillow (to keep head and neck in anatomical position)
  • Knees flexed (so low back is resting in slightly rounded position)
  • Pillow between knees
46
Q

What is the ideal seated posture?

A
  • Firm cushion (so buttocks do not sink)
  • Legs parallel to floor
  • Feet flat on the floor.
47
Q

Why do postural adaptations occur?

A

We all try to adapt our posture to our positions or to pain.

48
Q

What is an accommodation?

A

It is a self-reversing, non-persisting adaptation.

49
Q

What is a compensation?

A
  • It is the result of the body’s homeostasis mechanisms acting on the whole body unit.
  • Organized counterbalancing.
50
Q

What is decompensation?

A

It is the breakdown of compensatory mechanism.

51
Q

What are the factors producing decompensation?

A
  • Congenital: hemivertebra, bone/joint deformity
  • Body habitus changes: Weight gain, pregnancy.
  • Gait changes: flat feet, heel changes
52
Q

What are the factors producing decompensation?

A
  • Habits: occupation
  • Trauma: Herniated disc, acceleration - deceleration injury
  • Somatic dysfunction: Sacral base unleveling
  • Loss of muscle tone: Polio
  • Mental attitude
53
Q

What are the types of the compensation?

A
  • Sagittal plane decompensation: AP postural (lordosis - kyphosis)
  • Coronal/frontal plane decompensation: Scoliosis, sidebending
  • Transverse plane decompensation: rotation
54
Q

What is functional changes?

A

Functional changes are physiological changes and are potentially reversible.

55
Q

What are Structural changes?

A

Structural changes are anatomical changes that are non-reversible.

OPP 1 (4 decks)

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