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OPP 1 > History of Osteopathic Medicine I and II > Flashcards

History of Osteopathic Medicine I and II Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the founding father of Osteopathic Medicine?

A

A.T. Still

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2
Q

When was Still’s birthday?

A

08/06/1828

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3
Q

Where was Still born?

A

Jonesville, Virginia

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4
Q

Who were Still’s parents?

A

Martha and Abram Still

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5
Q

What were Still’s father’s professions?

A

Farmer, Methodist Minister, Physician

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6
Q

What is the Methodist health concept?

A

Caring for the body
Proper diet,rest and exercise
Anti-slavery

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7
Q

What was the dominant system of medicine?

A

Heroic medicine

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8
Q

Who founded Heroic medicine?

A

Benjamin Rush

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9
Q

What was the principle of Heroic medicine?

A

Diseases are caused by the tension in the blood vessels.

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10
Q

What are therapies in Heroic medicine?

A

Blood-letting
Purging of stomach & bowels
Use of calomel ( Mercury chloride) & poisonous compounds

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11
Q

When & where did Still’s family move?

A

Still’s family moved in 1834-1852 to Tennessee then to Missouri for religious freedom.

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12
Q

When did Still 1st experience Osteopathic medicine?

A

Still 1st experienced osteopathic medicine at age 10 when he rested his neck on a hung rope to treat headache.

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13
Q

Who is Still’s 1st wife?

A

Mary Vaughn in 1849

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14
Q

When did Still’s father ministered to Shawnee Indians?

A

1852 in Kansas.

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15
Q

Who were the challengers to Heroic medicine in 19th century?

A

Thomson, Hahnemann, Graham, Hydropathy, Mesmer.

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16
Q

What is S. Thomson’s philosophy?

A

Disease caused by heat-> treated w/ herbs causing pts to sweat & vomit->cured.

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17
Q

What is S. Hannehmann’s philosophy?

A

Best drugs decrease symptoms-> homeopathy w/ small doses.

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18
Q

What is S.Graham’s philosophy/

A

Wellness results from good care of body he pursued it to the extreme. Big influence on Still.

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19
Q

What is Hydropathy?

A

Cold water treatments

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20
Q

What is Mesmer’a philosophy?

A

Disease caused by invisible fluid called animal magnetism.-> used magnets to move fluid.

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21
Q

Who was Still’s 2nd wife?

A

Mary Turner

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22
Q

When did Still enlist in the union army? As what?

A

In 1861, as a physician surgeon.

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23
Q

What happened to the wounded in the Civil war?

A

More people died from diseases than from battle wounds.

24
Q

When did Still’s 3 children died? Why?

A

02/1864, from spinal meningitis. He was helpless.

25
Q

When did Still’s father did? Why?

A

Still’s father died in 1867 from pneumonia.

26
Q

Where did Still go to med school? Did he like it?

A

He went to med school in Kansas but found most of his training worthless.

27
Q

What did Still learn about the body from machinery?

A

The body is a fine-tuned machine.

28
Q

How did he learn anatomy?

A
  • He raided graves of native Americans to study anatomy.

- He read as many anatomy book as possible.

29
Q

When did Still reject traditional medicine?

A

07/22/1974 and developed concepts of osteopathy.

30
Q

When & Where did he move to Missouri?

A

He moved to Kirkville, MO in 12/1874

31
Q

What was Still known as? What did he incorporate?

A

He was known as the magnetic healer & lightning bonesetter because he incorporated bonesetting.

32
Q

What was Still’s vision of health? How to promote health?

A

Health is maintained by unobstructed blood flow & and impulses of nerves.
Removal of obstructions with manipulations.

33
Q

When & Where was 1st osteo. school est.?

What was it called?

A

It was established in 10/1892 in Kirkville

It was called American School of Osteopathy (ASO).

34
Q

Who was the 1st faculty?

A

William Smith.

35
Q

What were the 1st and last state to license DOs.

A

1st was Vermont in 1896 and last was Mississippi in 1973.

36
Q

What was the last state to accept the Complex?

A

Louisiana

37
Q

What did Still’s graduate call themselves?

A

Anatomic engineers.

38
Q

Where & when was A O A formed?

A

A O A was formed in Kirkville in 1897.

39
Q

What were the purposes for A O A?

A

Education, legislation (licensing), publication (research).

40
Q

What happened to DOs schools by 1920s?

A

MD & DO schools had same length of study.

41
Q

What were the 2 sections of DOs?

A
  • Broad:advocated for including new methods of treatment.

- Lesions: advocated for staying with Still’s original methods.

42
Q

What happened during Spanish Flu?

A

Pts treated with OMT had higher survival rate.

43
Q

What happened in 1910?

A

Flexner’s report helped increase standard of all DO schools and decrease # of DO schools.

44
Q

Why did the # of DO hospitals increase?

A

Because DO could not admit pts to MD hospitals.

45
Q

What happened during WWII?

A

DOs weren’t allowed to serve as physicians. (Only MDS).-> pts had to see DOs at home.

46
Q

Why did OMT use decrease?

A
  • DO schools hired PhD to teach

- DOs were afraid to tell PTs they were DOs.

47
Q

When did congress allow DOs to serve in the armed forces?

A

1957

48
Q

When was 1st DO in the military?

A

1966

49
Q

Why were DOs in California frustrated?

A
  • Lack of state’s support

- Poor clinical training facilities.

50
Q

When did the merger occur? B/w who?

A

Merger b/w California Medical Association & California Osteopathic Association occurred in 07/1961.

51
Q

What were DOs in California called after the merger?

A

They were called “Little MDs”

52
Q

What did DOs have to do to be MDs in California?

A
  • Pay $75 and take a weekend course
  • No DOs could practice in California.
  • No teaching DOs in California.
  • California DO school -> California Medical School Irvine.
  • Can’t tell anyone they were DOs
53
Q

When was 1st university based Osteopathic school opened?

A

1970 at Michigan State University

54
Q

What was the last state to fully license DOs?

A

Mississippi in 1973.

55
Q

When did California supreme court overturn the amalgamation?

A

1974

56
Q

What happened from 1970’s - 1980’s?

A

Large growth of Osteopathic Medical Schools in the country.

57
Q

What is the direction of Osteopathic medicine late 20th century and early 21st century?

A
  • Primary care emphasis
  • Health maintenance & preventative care
  • Evaluating/addressing the distinctiveness of Osteopathic Medicine.

OPP 1 (4 decks)

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