History of Osteopathic Medicine I and II

Question 1

Who was the founding father of Osteopathic Medicine?

Answer 1

A.T. Still

Question 2

When was Still’s birthday?

Answer 2

08/06/1828

Question 3

Where was Still born?

Answer 3

Jonesville, Virginia

Question 4

Who were Still’s parents?

Answer 4

Martha and Abram Still

Question 5

What were Still’s father’s professions?

Answer 5

Farmer, Methodist Minister, Physician

Question 6

What is the Methodist health concept?

Answer 6

Caring for the body
Proper diet,rest and exercise
Anti-slavery

Question 7

What was the dominant system of medicine?

Answer 7

Heroic medicine

Question 8

Who founded Heroic medicine?

Answer 8

Benjamin Rush

Question 9

What was the principle of Heroic medicine?

Answer 9

Diseases are caused by the tension in the blood vessels.

Question 10

What are therapies in Heroic medicine?

Answer 10

Blood-letting
Purging of stomach & bowels
Use of calomel ( Mercury chloride) & poisonous compounds

Question 11

When & where did Still’s family move?

Answer 11

Still’s family moved in 1834-1852 to Tennessee then to Missouri for religious freedom.

Question 12

When did Still 1st experience Osteopathic medicine?

Answer 12

Still 1st experienced osteopathic medicine at age 10 when he rested his neck on a hung rope to treat headache.

Question 13

Who is Still’s 1st wife?

Answer 13

Mary Vaughn in 1849

Question 14

When did Still’s father ministered to Shawnee Indians?

Answer 14

1852 in Kansas.

Question 15

Who were the challengers to Heroic medicine in 19th century?

Answer 15

Thomson, Hahnemann, Graham, Hydropathy, Mesmer.

Question 16

What is S. Thomson’s philosophy?

Answer 16

Disease caused by heat-> treated w/ herbs causing pts to sweat & vomit->cured.

Question 17

What is S. Hannehmann’s philosophy?

Answer 17

Best drugs decrease symptoms-> homeopathy w/ small doses.

Question 18

What is S.Graham’s philosophy/

Answer 18

Wellness results from good care of body he pursued it to the extreme. Big influence on Still.

Question 19

What is Hydropathy?

Answer 19

Cold water treatments

Question 20

What is Mesmer’a philosophy?

Answer 20

Disease caused by invisible fluid called animal magnetism.-> used magnets to move fluid.

Question 21

Who was Still’s 2nd wife?

Answer 21

Mary Turner

Question 22

When did Still enlist in the union army? As what?

Answer 22

In 1861, as a physician surgeon.

Question 23

What happened to the wounded in the Civil war?

Answer 23

More people died from diseases than from battle wounds.

Question 24

When did Still’s 3 children died? Why?

Answer 24

02/1864, from spinal meningitis. He was helpless.

Question 25

When did Still's father did? Why?

Answer 25

Still's father died in 1867 from pneumonia.

Question 26

Where did Still go to med school? Did he like it?

Answer 26

He went to med school in Kansas but found most of his training worthless.

Question 27

What did Still learn about the body from machinery?

Answer 27

The body is a fine-tuned machine.

Question 28

How did he learn anatomy?

Answer 28

- He raided graves of native Americans to study anatomy. | - He read as many anatomy book as possible.

Question 29

When did Still reject traditional medicine?

Answer 29

07/22/1974 and developed concepts of osteopathy.

Question 30

When & Where did he move to Missouri?

Answer 30

He moved to Kirkville, MO in 12/1874

Question 31

What was Still known as? What did he incorporate?

Answer 31

He was known as the magnetic healer & lightning bonesetter because he incorporated bonesetting.

Question 32

What was Still's vision of health? How to promote health?

Answer 32

Health is maintained by unobstructed blood flow & and impulses of nerves. Removal of obstructions with manipulations.

Question 33

When & Where was 1st osteo. school est.? | What was it called?

Answer 33

It was established in 10/1892 in Kirkville | It was called American School of Osteopathy (ASO).

Question 34

Who was the 1st faculty?

Answer 34

William Smith.

Question 35

What were the 1st and last state to license DOs.

Answer 35

1st was Vermont in 1896 and last was Mississippi in 1973.

Question 36

What was the last state to accept the Complex?

Answer 36

Louisiana

Question 37

What did Still's graduate call themselves?

Answer 37

Anatomic engineers.

Question 38

Where & when was A O A formed?

Answer 38

A O A was formed in Kirkville in 1897.

Question 39

What were the purposes for A O A?

Answer 39

Education, legislation (licensing), publication (research).

Question 40

What happened to DOs schools by 1920s?

Answer 40

MD & DO schools had same length of study.

Question 41

What were the 2 sections of DOs?

Answer 41

- Broad:advocated for including new methods of treatment. | - Lesions: advocated for staying with Still's original methods.

Question 42

What happened during Spanish Flu?

Answer 42

Pts treated with OMT had higher survival rate.

Question 43

What happened in 1910?

Answer 43

Flexner's report helped increase standard of all DO schools and decrease # of DO schools.

Question 44

Why did the # of DO hospitals increase?

Answer 44

Because DO could not admit pts to MD hospitals.

Question 45

What happened during WWII?

Answer 45

DOs weren't allowed to serve as physicians. (Only MDS).-> pts had to see DOs at home.

Question 46

Why did OMT use decrease?

Answer 46

- DO schools hired PhD to teach | - DOs were afraid to tell PTs they were DOs.

Question 47

When did congress allow DOs to serve in the armed forces?

Answer 47

1957

Question 48

When was 1st DO in the military?

Answer 48

1966

Question 49

Why were DOs in California frustrated?

Answer 49

- Lack of state's support | - Poor clinical training facilities.

Question 50

When did the merger occur? B/w who?

Answer 50

Merger b/w California Medical Association & California Osteopathic Association occurred in 07/1961.

Question 51

What were DOs in California called after the merger?

Answer 51

They were called "Little MDs"

Question 52

What did DOs have to do to be MDs in California?

Answer 52

- Pay $75 and take a weekend course - No DOs could practice in California. - No teaching DOs in California. - California DO school -> California Medical School Irvine. - Can't tell anyone they were DOs

Question 53

When was 1st university based Osteopathic school opened?

Answer 53

1970 at Michigan State University

Question 54

What was the last state to fully license DOs?

Answer 54

Mississippi in 1973.

Question 55

When did California supreme court overturn the amalgamation?

Answer 55

1974

Question 56

What happened from 1970's - 1980's?

Answer 56

Large growth of Osteopathic Medical Schools in the country.

Question 57

What is the direction of Osteopathic medicine late 20th century and early 21st century?

Answer 57

- Primary care emphasis - Health maintenance & preventative care - Evaluating/addressing the distinctiveness of Osteopathic Medicine.