Posture: Functional Interaction of the Spine and Pelvis Flashcards
The function of the UE is dependent upon a…
stable base
Poor pelvic stability + poor posture =
inefficient/uncoordinated in UE activities
What body position is ideal for proximal stability?
symmetrical posture & alignment of spine with pelvic girdle
Why is proximal stability beneficial? (4 reasons)
Improves balance
Reduce liklihood of injury
Prevents fatigue & pain
Minimizes orthopedic deformities
What do postural adjustments allow us to do?
move from mobility to stability
What are the functions of the spine?
Weight bearing
Movement
Surround & protect spinal cord
Absorb shock and compressive forces (disc joints & spinal curves contribute)
How many bones are in the spine?
33 total: 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
What type of joints are facet joints?
What movements are seen at these joints?
How many facet joints are there?
Synovial, hinge joints
Flexion, extension, torsional
24 pairs of apophyseal joints
Facet joints are non-axial. What does this mean?
Movement occurs in a plane, but there is no axis
What parts of the facet joints interlock to make the spine stable?
Superior facet joint & inferior articular surface
How are the cervical facet joints oriented?
What is the purpose of this?
Oblique (45 betewen transverse and frontal)
Allows for turning & rotating the head (lots of mobility in C spine)
What type of joints are the intervertebral discs?
Amphiarthrotic joints - slight movement, made of fibrocartilage
-cartilaginous joints
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
absorb shock, provide spaces throughout the vertebral column
How do the curves of the spine develop?
A baby has one C shaped kyphosis
Baby lifts head, creates cervical lordosis of neck
Baby sits up, creates lumbar lordosis of low back
The cervical and lumbar spines are _____ anteriorly and _____ posteriorly.
Concave or convex?
Convex anteriorly
Concave posteriorly
The thoracic spine is ______ anteriorly and _______ posteriorly.
Convex or concave?
Concave anteriorly
Convex posteriorly
The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL and PLL) extend from the ________ to the _________.
Axis of cervical vertebrae
Sacrum
ALL limits _______.
PLL limits _______.
When is the ALL taut?
When is the PLL taut?
Backward bending (ALL) Forward flexion (PLL)
ALL is taut in backward bending
PLL is taut in forward flexion
ALL is ______ during flexion.
ALL is ______ during extension.
Compressed
Stretched
PLL is _______ during flexion.
PLL is _______ during extension.
Stretched
Slack
What is the joint structure of the Atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ)?
Synovial
Condyloid
Diarthrotic
Triaxial
What movements occur at the AOJ?
Flexion/extention
lateral flexion
rotation
Where is the atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) located?
What movements occur here?
C1 - C2 (between atlas & axis)
Rotation because of the dens of C2
The Atlas is _______ and connects with the occipital condyles, which are ______.
Concave or convex?
Concave
Convex
How many degrees of flexion are there at the neck?
Plane?
Axis?
45 degrees
Sagittal plane
Frontal axis
How many degrees of extension are there at the neck?
Plane?
Axis
70 degrees
Sagittal plane
Frontal axis
How many degrees of lateral flexion are there at the neck?
Plane?
Axis?
45 degrees
Frontal plane
Sagittal axis
How many degrees of rotation is there at the neck?
Plane?
Axis?
70 degrees
Transverse plane
Longitudinal axis
Does the cervical spine have a kyphotic or lordotic curve?
Where is it concave? (anterior or posterior)
Lordotic curve
Concave posterior
Is the cervical spine more or less weight bearing than the thoracic and lumbar spines?
Is there more stability or mobility in this area?
Less weight bearing
More mobility
What anatomical features are present in the cervical spine that contribute to its mobility?
Thick intervertebral discs
Facet joints are oblique (oriented between transverse and frontal plane at a 45 degree angle)
What is the function of the SCM?
Extends or flexes the head & neck (works with longus colli)
Laterally flexes
Contralaterally rotates
What is the origin and insertion of the SCM?
What plane does the SCM move in?
Origin: sternum & proximal clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process
Moves in sagittal plane
What does the longus colli mm. prevent?
hyperextension of head & neck
Where does the head’s COG lie?
Between the temples above the TMJ
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
What does this number correspond to?
12 (T1 - T12)
Corresponds to the 12 pairs of ribs that articulate with them
Is the thoracic spine more or less mobile than cervical or lumbar regions?
What are the implications of this?
Less mobile
It is more stable, injured less often
Facet joints have ______ plane orientation.
Frontal
What is a major reason for the lack of movement in the thoracic spine?
The ribcage
What motions occur at the thoracic spine?
Flexion/extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation (limited because of the ribs)
What type of joints are the costospinal joints?
Are they axial or nonaxial?
What is their function?
Synovial joints
Non-axial
Allow gliding, stabilize ribs, allow mobility
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
Is there a kyphotic or lordotic curve?
Is there greater weight bearing or lesser weight bearing than cervical or thoracic spines?
5 vertebrae (L1 - L5)
Lordotic curve
Greater weight bearing (thicker & bigger body)
What are the movements of the thoracolumbar spine?
How many degrees?
What plane?
Flexion - 85 degrees, sagittal plane
Extension - 40 degrees, sagittal plane
Lateral flexion - 45 degrees, frontal plane
Rotation - 35 degrees, transverse plane
What spinal levels make up the lumbosacral joint?
What makes up the sacrum?
What stabilizes the lumbosacral joint?
L5 - S1
Sacrum is 5 vertebrae that are fused (S1 - S5)
Stabilized by iliolumbar ligaments
What are the movements at the lumbosacral joint?
Plane?
Anterior & posterior tilt - sagittal plane
depression and elevation (lateral tilt) on one side - frontal plane
Rotation to right or left
Where is the ASIS in a posterior pelvic tilt?
In the anterior pelvic tilt?
ASIS posterior
ASIS forward
What muscles make up the anterior group at the lumbosacral joint?
Posterior group?
What plane do they move in?
Abdominal wall muscles
Paraspinal musculature (erector spinae & transversospinalis)
Sagittal plane
Which muscles work in the frontal plane at the lumbosacral joint?
What is their function?
Quadratus lumborum & transversospinalis
Hold upright, elevate on one side, laterally flex (depending on line of pull)
What muscles make up the erector spinae?
Where do they run to and from?
What plane do they move in?
Spinalis - runs from spine to spine
Longissimus - transverse process to transverse process
Iliocostalis - rib to rib
Movement is sagittal & frontal, depending on the unilateral and bilateral contraction
What motion does erector spinae create when contracting unilaterally?
Bilaterally?
Uni. - lateral flexion
Bi. - hold upright
What motion does the transversospinalis produce?
How does it do this?
Rotation of the vertebral column
Rotates the vertebrae by pulling the medial insertion (spinous process) toward the lateral origin (transverse process)
As the trunk turns left, the spinous process turns _____.
right
Do muscles that are parallel to the spine have a moment arm for rotation?
No
