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Functional Anatomy > Posture: Functional Interaction of the Spine and Pelvis > Flashcards

Posture: Functional Interaction of the Spine and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the UE is dependent upon a…

A

stable base

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2
Q

Poor pelvic stability + poor posture =

A

inefficient/uncoordinated in UE activities

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3
Q

What body position is ideal for proximal stability?

A

symmetrical posture & alignment of spine with pelvic girdle

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4
Q

Why is proximal stability beneficial? (4 reasons)

A

Improves balance

Reduce liklihood of injury

Prevents fatigue & pain

Minimizes orthopedic deformities

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5
Q

What do postural adjustments allow us to do?

A

move from mobility to stability

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6
Q

What are the functions of the spine?

A

Weight bearing
Movement
Surround & protect spinal cord
Absorb shock and compressive forces (disc joints & spinal curves contribute)

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7
Q

How many bones are in the spine?

A 
33 total:
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
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8
Q

What type of joints are facet joints?

What movements are seen at these joints?

How many facet joints are there?

A

Synovial, hinge joints

Flexion, extension, torsional

24 pairs of apophyseal joints

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9
Q

Facet joints are non-axial. What does this mean?

A

Movement occurs in a plane, but there is no axis

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10
Q

What parts of the facet joints interlock to make the spine stable?

A

Superior facet joint & inferior articular surface

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11
Q

How are the cervical facet joints oriented?

What is the purpose of this?

A

Oblique (45 betewen transverse and frontal)

Allows for turning & rotating the head (lots of mobility in C spine)

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12
Q

What type of joints are the intervertebral discs?

A

Amphiarthrotic joints - slight movement, made of fibrocartilage
-cartilaginous joints

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13
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

A

absorb shock, provide spaces throughout the vertebral column

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14
Q

How do the curves of the spine develop?

A

A baby has one C shaped kyphosis

Baby lifts head, creates cervical lordosis of neck

Baby sits up, creates lumbar lordosis of low back

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15
Q

The cervical and lumbar spines are _____ anteriorly and _____ posteriorly.

Concave or convex?

A

Convex anteriorly

Concave posteriorly

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16
Q

The thoracic spine is ______ anteriorly and _______ posteriorly.

Convex or concave?

A

Concave anteriorly

Convex posteriorly

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17
Q

The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL and PLL) extend from the ________ to the _________.

A

Axis of cervical vertebrae

Sacrum

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18
Q

ALL limits _______.
PLL limits _______.

When is the ALL taut?
When is the PLL taut?

A 
Backward bending (ALL)
Forward flexion (PLL)

ALL is taut in backward bending
PLL is taut in forward flexion

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19
Q

ALL is ______ during flexion.

ALL is ______ during extension.

A

Compressed

Stretched

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20
Q

PLL is _______ during flexion.

PLL is _______ during extension.

A

Stretched

Slack

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21
Q

What is the joint structure of the Atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ)?

A

Synovial
Condyloid
Diarthrotic
Triaxial

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22
Q

What movements occur at the AOJ?

A

Flexion/extention

lateral flexion

rotation

23
Q

Where is the atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) located?

What movements occur here?

A

C1 - C2 (between atlas & axis)

Rotation because of the dens of C2

24
Q

The Atlas is _______ and connects with the occipital condyles, which are ______.

Concave or convex?

A

Concave

Convex

25
How many degrees of flexion are there at the neck? Plane? Axis?
45 degrees Sagittal plane Frontal axis
26
How many degrees of extension are there at the neck? Plane? Axis
70 degrees Sagittal plane Frontal axis
27
How many degrees of lateral flexion are there at the neck? Plane? Axis?
45 degrees Frontal plane Sagittal axis
28
How many degrees of rotation is there at the neck? Plane? Axis?
70 degrees Transverse plane Longitudinal axis
29
Does the cervical spine have a kyphotic or lordotic curve? Where is it concave? (anterior or posterior)
Lordotic curve Concave posterior
30
Is the cervical spine more or less weight bearing than the thoracic and lumbar spines? Is there more stability or mobility in this area?
Less weight bearing More mobility
31
What anatomical features are present in the cervical spine that contribute to its mobility?
Thick intervertebral discs | Facet joints are oblique (oriented between transverse and frontal plane at a 45 degree angle)
32
What is the function of the SCM?
Extends or flexes the head & neck (works with longus colli) Laterally flexes Contralaterally rotates
33
What is the origin and insertion of the SCM? What plane does the SCM move in?
Origin: sternum & proximal clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process Moves in sagittal plane
34
What does the longus colli mm. prevent?
hyperextension of head & neck
35
Where does the head's COG lie?
Between the temples above the TMJ
36
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine? What does this number correspond to?
12 (T1 - T12) Corresponds to the 12 pairs of ribs that articulate with them
37
Is the thoracic spine more or less mobile than cervical or lumbar regions? What are the implications of this?
Less mobile It is more stable, injured less often
38
Facet joints have ______ plane orientation.
Frontal
39
What is a major reason for the lack of movement in the thoracic spine?
The ribcage
40
What motions occur at the thoracic spine?
Flexion/extension Lateral flexion Rotation (limited because of the ribs)
41
What type of joints are the costospinal joints? Are they axial or nonaxial? What is their function?
Synovial joints Non-axial Allow gliding, stabilize ribs, allow mobility
42
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine? Is there a kyphotic or lordotic curve? Is there greater weight bearing or lesser weight bearing than cervical or thoracic spines?
5 vertebrae (L1 - L5) Lordotic curve Greater weight bearing (thicker & bigger body)
43
What are the movements of the thoracolumbar spine? How many degrees? What plane?
Flexion - 85 degrees, sagittal plane Extension - 40 degrees, sagittal plane Lateral flexion - 45 degrees, frontal plane Rotation - 35 degrees, transverse plane
44
What spinal levels make up the lumbosacral joint? What makes up the sacrum? What stabilizes the lumbosacral joint?
L5 - S1 Sacrum is 5 vertebrae that are fused (S1 - S5) Stabilized by iliolumbar ligaments
45
What are the movements at the lumbosacral joint? Plane?
Anterior & posterior tilt - sagittal plane depression and elevation (lateral tilt) on one side - frontal plane Rotation to right or left
46
Where is the ASIS in a posterior pelvic tilt? In the anterior pelvic tilt?
ASIS posterior ASIS forward
47
What muscles make up the anterior group at the lumbosacral joint? Posterior group? What plane do they move in?
Abdominal wall muscles Paraspinal musculature (erector spinae & transversospinalis) Sagittal plane
48
Which muscles work in the frontal plane at the lumbosacral joint? What is their function?
Quadratus lumborum & transversospinalis Hold upright, elevate on one side, laterally flex (depending on line of pull)
49
What muscles make up the erector spinae? Where do they run to and from? What plane do they move in?
Spinalis - runs from spine to spine Longissimus - transverse process to transverse process Iliocostalis - rib to rib Movement is sagittal & frontal, depending on the unilateral and bilateral contraction
50
What motion does erector spinae create when contracting unilaterally? Bilaterally?
Uni. - lateral flexion | Bi. - hold upright
51
What motion does the transversospinalis produce? How does it do this?
Rotation of the vertebral column Rotates the vertebrae by pulling the medial insertion (spinous process) toward the lateral origin (transverse process)
52
As the trunk turns left, the spinous process turns _____.
right
53
Do muscles that are parallel to the spine have a moment arm for rotation?
No

Functional Anatomy (4 decks)

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