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Functional Anatomy > Posture: Functional Interaction of the Spine and Pelvis > Flashcards

Posture: Functional Interaction of the Spine and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the UE is dependent upon a…

A

stable base

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2
Q

Poor pelvic stability + poor posture =

A

inefficient/uncoordinated in UE activities

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3
Q

What body position is ideal for proximal stability?

A

symmetrical posture & alignment of spine with pelvic girdle

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4
Q

Why is proximal stability beneficial? (4 reasons)

A

Improves balance

Reduce liklihood of injury

Prevents fatigue & pain

Minimizes orthopedic deformities

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5
Q

What do postural adjustments allow us to do?

A

move from mobility to stability

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6
Q

What are the functions of the spine?

A

Weight bearing
Movement
Surround & protect spinal cord
Absorb shock and compressive forces (disc joints & spinal curves contribute)

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7
Q

How many bones are in the spine?

A 
33 total:
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
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8
Q

What type of joints are facet joints?

What movements are seen at these joints?

How many facet joints are there?

A

Synovial, hinge joints

Flexion, extension, torsional

24 pairs of apophyseal joints

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9
Q

Facet joints are non-axial. What does this mean?

A

Movement occurs in a plane, but there is no axis

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10
Q

What parts of the facet joints interlock to make the spine stable?

A

Superior facet joint & inferior articular surface

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11
Q

How are the cervical facet joints oriented?

What is the purpose of this?

A

Oblique (45 betewen transverse and frontal)

Allows for turning & rotating the head (lots of mobility in C spine)

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12
Q

What type of joints are the intervertebral discs?

A

Amphiarthrotic joints - slight movement, made of fibrocartilage
-cartilaginous joints

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13
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

A

absorb shock, provide spaces throughout the vertebral column

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14
Q

How do the curves of the spine develop?

A

A baby has one C shaped kyphosis

Baby lifts head, creates cervical lordosis of neck

Baby sits up, creates lumbar lordosis of low back

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15
Q

The cervical and lumbar spines are _____ anteriorly and _____ posteriorly.

Concave or convex?

A

Convex anteriorly

Concave posteriorly

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16
Q

The thoracic spine is ______ anteriorly and _______ posteriorly.

Convex or concave?

A

Concave anteriorly

Convex posteriorly

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17
Q

The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL and PLL) extend from the ________ to the _________.

A

Axis of cervical vertebrae

Sacrum

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18
Q

ALL limits _______.
PLL limits _______.

When is the ALL taut?
When is the PLL taut?

A 
Backward bending (ALL)
Forward flexion (PLL)

ALL is taut in backward bending
PLL is taut in forward flexion

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19
Q

ALL is ______ during flexion.

ALL is ______ during extension.

A

Compressed

Stretched

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20
Q

PLL is _______ during flexion.

PLL is _______ during extension.

A

Stretched

Slack

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21
Q

What is the joint structure of the Atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ)?

A

Synovial
Condyloid
Diarthrotic
Triaxial

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22
Q

What movements occur at the AOJ?

A

Flexion/extention

lateral flexion

rotation

23
Q

Where is the atlantoaxial joint (AAJ) located?

What movements occur here?

A

C1 - C2 (between atlas & axis)

Rotation because of the dens of C2

24
Q

The Atlas is _______ and connects with the occipital condyles, which are ______.

Concave or convex?

A

Concave

Convex

25
Q

How many degrees of flexion are there at the neck?

Plane?

Axis?

A

45 degrees

Sagittal plane

Frontal axis

26
Q

How many degrees of extension are there at the neck?

Plane?

Axis

A

70 degrees

Sagittal plane

Frontal axis

27
Q

How many degrees of lateral flexion are there at the neck?

Plane?

Axis?

A

45 degrees

Frontal plane

Sagittal axis

28
Q

How many degrees of rotation is there at the neck?

Plane?

Axis?

A

70 degrees

Transverse plane

Longitudinal axis

29
Q

Does the cervical spine have a kyphotic or lordotic curve?

Where is it concave? (anterior or posterior)

A

Lordotic curve

Concave posterior

30
Q

Is the cervical spine more or less weight bearing than the thoracic and lumbar spines?

Is there more stability or mobility in this area?

A

Less weight bearing

More mobility

31
Q

What anatomical features are present in the cervical spine that contribute to its mobility?

A

Thick intervertebral discs

Facet joints are oblique (oriented between transverse and frontal plane at a 45 degree angle)

32
Q

What is the function of the SCM?

A

Extends or flexes the head & neck (works with longus colli)
Laterally flexes
Contralaterally rotates

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the SCM?

What plane does the SCM move in?

A

Origin: sternum & proximal clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process

Moves in sagittal plane

34
Q

What does the longus colli mm. prevent?

A

hyperextension of head & neck

35
Q

Where does the head’s COG lie?

A

Between the temples above the TMJ

36
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?

What does this number correspond to?

A

12 (T1 - T12)

Corresponds to the 12 pairs of ribs that articulate with them

37
Q

Is the thoracic spine more or less mobile than cervical or lumbar regions?

What are the implications of this?

A

Less mobile

It is more stable, injured less often

38
Q

Facet joints have ______ plane orientation.

A

Frontal

39
Q

What is a major reason for the lack of movement in the thoracic spine?

A

The ribcage

40
Q

What motions occur at the thoracic spine?

A

Flexion/extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation (limited because of the ribs)

41
Q

What type of joints are the costospinal joints?

Are they axial or nonaxial?

What is their function?

A

Synovial joints

Non-axial

Allow gliding, stabilize ribs, allow mobility

42
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

Is there a kyphotic or lordotic curve?

Is there greater weight bearing or lesser weight bearing than cervical or thoracic spines?

A

5 vertebrae (L1 - L5)

Lordotic curve

Greater weight bearing (thicker & bigger body)

43
Q

What are the movements of the thoracolumbar spine?

How many degrees?

What plane?

A

Flexion - 85 degrees, sagittal plane

Extension - 40 degrees, sagittal plane

Lateral flexion - 45 degrees, frontal plane

Rotation - 35 degrees, transverse plane

44
Q

What spinal levels make up the lumbosacral joint?

What makes up the sacrum?

What stabilizes the lumbosacral joint?

A

L5 - S1

Sacrum is 5 vertebrae that are fused (S1 - S5)

Stabilized by iliolumbar ligaments

45
Q

What are the movements at the lumbosacral joint?

Plane?

A

Anterior & posterior tilt - sagittal plane
depression and elevation (lateral tilt) on one side - frontal plane
Rotation to right or left

46
Q

Where is the ASIS in a posterior pelvic tilt?

In the anterior pelvic tilt?

A

ASIS posterior

ASIS forward

47
Q

What muscles make up the anterior group at the lumbosacral joint?

Posterior group?

What plane do they move in?

A

Abdominal wall muscles

Paraspinal musculature (erector spinae & transversospinalis)

Sagittal plane

48
Q

Which muscles work in the frontal plane at the lumbosacral joint?

What is their function?

A

Quadratus lumborum & transversospinalis

Hold upright, elevate on one side, laterally flex (depending on line of pull)

49
Q

What muscles make up the erector spinae?

Where do they run to and from?

What plane do they move in?

A

Spinalis - runs from spine to spine
Longissimus - transverse process to transverse process
Iliocostalis - rib to rib

Movement is sagittal & frontal, depending on the unilateral and bilateral contraction

50
Q

What motion does erector spinae create when contracting unilaterally?

Bilaterally?

A

Uni. - lateral flexion

Bi. - hold upright

51
Q

What motion does the transversospinalis produce?

How does it do this?

A

Rotation of the vertebral column

Rotates the vertebrae by pulling the medial insertion (spinous process) toward the lateral origin (transverse process)

52
Q

As the trunk turns left, the spinous process turns _____.

A

right

53
Q

Do muscles that are parallel to the spine have a moment arm for rotation?

A

No

Functional Anatomy (4 decks)

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