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Posture and Gait Review Flashcards

1
Q

Posture and Gait

Postural pattern?

A

Kyphosis – Lordosis posture

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2
Q

Posture and Gait

Kyphosis – Lordosis posture: elongated and shortened muscles

A
  • Enlongated: neck flexors, upper back, external oblique, hamstrings
  • Shortened: neck extensors, low back extensors, hip flexors
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3
Q

Posture and Gait

Postural pattern?

A

Flat-back posture

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4
Q

Posture and Gait

Flat-back posture: elongated and shortened muscles

A
  • Elongated: hip flexors
  • Shortened: hamstrings
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5
Q

Posture and Gait

postural pattern?

A

Sway back posture

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6
Q

Posture and Gait

Sway back posture: elongated and shortened muscles

A
  • Elongated: hip flexors, external obliques, upper back extensors, neck flexors
  • Shortened: hamstrings, upper portion of internal obliques
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7
Q

Posture and Gait

postural pattern?

A

lordosis posture

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8
Q

Posture and Gait

lordosis posture: elongated and shortened muscles

A
  • elongated: anterior abdominal, hamstrings
  • shortened muscles: low back, hip flexors
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9
Q

Posture and Gait

ideal posture by Kendall et al

A
  • post coronal suture
  • Through the external auditory meatus
  • odontoid process
  • middle of shoulder joint
  • bodies of lumbar vertebrae
  • sacral promontory
  • slightly posterior to center of hip joint
  • slightly ant to the axis of knee joint
  • slightly ant to lat malleolus
  • Through the calcaneocuboid joint
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10
Q

Posture and Gait

What is the role of the pelvis in gait in the sagittal plane?

A

Pelvic Tilt (sagiIal plane): 2.79° to 4°

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11
Q

Posture and Gait

What is the role of the pelvis in gait in the frontal plane?

A

Pelvic drop/list (frontal plane): 4° to 7.72°

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12
Q

Posture and Gait

What is the role of the pelvis in gait in the transverse plane?

A

Pelvic rotation (transverse plane): 10° to 10.4°

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13
Q

Posture and Gait

Characterized by a shorter step length and stance time on the side of the painful lower extremity; it may be accompanied by ipsilateral trunk lean with hip pain or a contralateral trunk lean with knee and foot pain.

A

Antalgic Gait

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14
Q

Posture and Gait

anything that makes the initiation of swing difficult: decreased trunk stability, inefficient AE of the pelvis, difficulty with hip flexion etc…

A

Backward trunk lean during initial swing

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15
Q

Posture and Gait

anything that makes the initiation of swing difficult (except the trunk control): inefficient AE of the pelvis, difficulty with hip flexion

A

Posterior pelvic tilt during initial swing

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16
Q

Posture and Gait

a relatively longer leg will create what type of deviation?

A

circumduction gait

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17
Q

Posture and Gait

Prosthetic Gait: abducted gait during stance

A
  • avoiding a pinch
  • or clearing a long leg
18
Q

Posture and Gait

Prosthetic Gait: adducted gait during stance

A

fit of the prosthesis

19
Q

Posture and Gait

limping gait, avoiding putting weight on the limb

A

antalgic gait

20
Q

Posture and Gait

backward trunk lean during initial swing

A
  • any weakness for initiation of swing
  • Purposeful to reduce demands on weakened stance limb gluteus maximus
  • or to assist with limb advancement when hip flexion capability is limited.
  • decreased trunk stability
21
Q

Posture and Gait

Forward trunk lean during stance

A
  • Compensation for quadriceps weakness. Forward lean reduces knee extensor moment and thus demand on vastii.
  • May also be used to accommodating hip or knee flexion contractures.
22
Q

Posture and Gait

pelvic hike during swing

A

Action of quadratus lumborum to assist with limb clearance when hip flexion, knee flexion, and/or ankle dorsiflexion are inadequate for limb clearance.

23
Q

Posture and Gait

Ipsilateral pelvic drop during swing

A
  • Contralateral hip abductor weakness
  • hip adductor spasticity
  • or hip adduction contracture.
24
Q

Posture and Gait

Compensation for weak hip flexors or for inability to shorten leg for limb clearance

A

circumduction

25
Q

Posture and Gait

knee hyperextension during stance

A
  • flaccid/weak quadriceps: compensated for by excess plantarflexion and/or posterior pull on the thigh by gluteus maximus
  • plantarflexion deformity/contracture
  • impaired proprioception
26
Q

Posture and Gait

what shortens the limb during swing

A
  • pelvis elevation
  • hip flx
  • knee flx
  • ankle DF
27
Q

Posture and Gait

Entire foot simultaneously touches ground at initial contact: foot flat contact

A
  • Plantarflexion contracture
  • weak dorsiflexors
  • knee flexion contracture that prevents optimal tibial alignment before initial contact
28
Q

Posture and Gait

foot slap; loading response

A

Weak dorsiflexors or reciprocal inhibition of dorsiflexors

29
Q

Posture and Gait

a presents with foot slap, this gait deviation will most likely occur during.
A. Heel strike
B. Loading Response
C. Pre-swing
D. mid-stance

A

B loading response

30
Q

Posture and Gait

Ankle collapses into more than 5° dorsiflexion at midstance and/or more than 10° dorsiflexion at terminal stance

A
  • weak plantar flexors to control tibial advance
  • Knee flexion or hip flexion contractures.
31
Q

Posture and Gait

Heel comes off ground in mid stance: early heel rise

A

plantar flexos contracture
decreased DF ROM

32
Q

Posture and Gait

true or false: heel off occurs in double limb support

A

false

toe off occurs in double limb support

33
Q

Posture and Gait

what happens in the gait cycle during push off

A
  1. Terminal Stance (heel off)
  2. Preswing (toe-off)
34
Q

Posture and Gait

which parts of the gait cycle occur in double limb support?

A
  1. heel strike (initial contact)
  2. Preswing (toe off)
35
Q

Posture and Gait

the swing phase comprises ___% of the gait cycle

36
Q

Posture and Gait

Push Off =

A

terminal stance (heel off) + preswing (toe off, double limb support)

37
Q

Posture and Gait

toe-off occurs during

A

Preswing of the stance phase

38
Q

Posture and Gait

heel off occurs during

A

terminal stance of the stance phase

39
Q

Posture and Gait

foot flat occurs during

A

loading response of the stance phase

40
Q

Posture and Gait

gait cycle and muscles

A
  1. Heel strike (tibialis anterior, glut max)
  2. Loading response (quads)
  3. Midstance (triceps surae)
  4. Terminal Stance (triceps surae -heel off)
  5. Preswing (deep plantar flexors, rectus fem)
  6. Initial & mid-swing (contralateral abd, ilipsoas and rectus fem)
  7. Terminal swing (quads, tibialis anterior)
41
Q

Posture and Gait

pelvis during gait

A
  • Heel strike: pelvis AD
  • Loading Response to Mid- Stance to Terminal Stance: pelvis PD
  • Pre-Swing (Toe-off): relative pelvis PE (PE & AE)
  • Initial Swing to Mid-Swing : pelvis AE
  • Terminal Swing into HS: pelvis AD
42
Q

Posture and Gait

FMT paradigm to what causes gait to become less efficient

A
  • Mechanical Capacity
  • Neuromuscular Control (initiation, strength, endurance)
  • Motor Control

Specific Systems (9 decks)

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