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#1.2 Chiro Essentials - NMS > Posture and Gait Assessment > Flashcards

Posture and Gait Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Posture (vertical line)

A

1) external auditory meatus
2) anterior body of C7
3) acromion of the scapula
4) middle of the glenohumeral joint
5) anterior third of the sacrum
6) center of the greater trochanter
7) just behind the center of the knee
8) 1” anterior to the lateral malleolus

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2
Q

Kyphosis - Lordosis

A

The spine has an hourglass appearance. The head is held forward, the neck is hyperextended, the thoracic spine is flexed more than usual and the lumbar spine is hyperextended so that the pelvis is tilted anteriorly. The knees are slightly hyperextended.

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3
Q

Swayback

A

The head is held forward, the neck is in slight extension. The thoracic spine is displaced backwards and the lumbar spine is flattened. This causes the pelvis to be tilted posteriorly and the hip joints are hyperextended along with the knees.

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4
Q

Military Back

A

The head is the neutral position. The cervical spine retains its normal curvature along with the thoracic spine. The lumbar spine is hyperextended and the pelvis is tilted anteriorly.

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5
Q

Muscles involved with Acceleration

A

Hip Flexor

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6
Q

Abnormal Acceleration

A

abnormal acceleration and swing with thrusting of the trunk backwards to passively swing the leg

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7
Q

Muscles involved with Heel Strike

A

Hip Extensor

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8
Q

Abnormal Heel Strike

A

Forward lurch of the trunk on heel strike and the patient compensates with excessive lordosis

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9
Q

Muscles involved with Stance Phase

A

Hip Abductors

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10
Q

Abnormal Stance Phase

A

trendelenburg (lurching) gait

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11
Q

Muscles involved with Heel Strike, Toe Off

A

Hip Adductors

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12
Q

Abnormal Heel Strike, Toe Off

A

abnormal rotation of the leg and pelvis

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13
Q

Muscles involved with Heel Strike, Acceleration

A

Knee Extensor

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14
Q

Abnormal Heel Strike, Acceleration

A

knee buckles especially in walking downstairs

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15
Q

Muscles involved with Deceleration, Heel Strike

A

knee flexors

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16
Q

Abnormal Deceleration, Heel Strike

A

knee snaps out too hard at the end of the swing and the knee buckles with the heel strike

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17
Q

Muscles involved with Swing Phase, Heel Strike

A

Foot Dorsiflexors

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18
Q

Abnormal Swing Phase, Heel Strike

A

foot drop, steppage gait, foot slaps with heel strike

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19
Q

Muscles involved with Toe Push-Off

A

Foot plantar flexors

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20
Q

Abnormal Foot Plantar Flexors

A

short step on the affected side with poor push off

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21
Q

Antaligic Gait

A

the patient favors one leg by putting as little weight as possible on it in order to reduce the pain on that side

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22
Q

Choreic Gait

A

jerky twitching and dancing gait
Huntington Disease
Rheumatic Fever

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23
Q

Deteriorating Tandem

A

worsening tandem walk while counting from 50 backwards is an early sign of Alzheimer’s disease

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24
Q

Drunken Gait

A

this is the classic wide-based staggering gait seen in cerebellar disease

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25
Q

Festinating Gait

A

shuffling (propulsion) gait with the tendency to accelerate as the patient leans forward
seen in Parkinson’s Disease

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26
Q

Hemiplegia Gait

A

the spastic leg is extended and rotated internally
the feet is inverted and plantar flexed and the limb is swung outward to keep the foot off the ground
seen in Cerebra Vascular Accident

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27
Q

Scissor Gait

A

stiff shuffling movement with the legs crossing over due to increased adductor tone seen in cerebral palsy or paraplegia

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28
Q

Sensory Ataxic Gait

A

wide-based uneven gait with high steps and slapping of the feet on the ground seen in patients with dorsal column pathology as in tabes dorsalis, vitamin b12 deficiency or diabetes mellitus

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29
Q

Steppage Gait

A

the patient has to excessively flex the hip and knee to allow the drop foot to clear the ground when walking seen with good drop (peripheral neuropathy)

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30
Q

Waddling (lurching) Gait

A

The patient leans to the same side as the weight is being placed. This is due to either paralysis of the gluteus medium and minimum muscles and may be also seen in patients with hip replacements; aka Trendelenburg gait seen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Patients with Hip Replacements

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31
Q

Musculoskeletal Exam

A

1) Explain the procedure to the patient
2) Obtain permission
3) Observe the patient’s gait while walking to the exam table
4) Place the patient in the standing position and observe the spine for any abnormal curvature
5) Palpate the spine for tenderness, muscle spasm and segmental hypo mobility
6) Observe the active and passive ranges of motion of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions
7) Inspect and palpate the shoulder, elbow, wrist and finger joints
8) Examine the active and passive ranges of motion of the above joints
9) Inspect the hands for swelling of joints and atrophy of muscle groups
10) Inspect and palpate the hip, knee, and ankle joint
11) Examine the active and passive ranges of motion of the above joints
12) Inspect the feet for joint swelling and deformities
13) Record findings
14) Interpret finding in the light of the history

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32
Q

Neck ROM Flexion

A

60

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33
Q

Neck ROM Extension

A

70

34
Q

Neck ROM Lateral

A

45

35
Q

Neck ROM Rotation

A

80

36
Q

Thoracic ROM Flexion

A

50

37
Q

Thoracic ROM Extension

A

30

38
Q

Thoracic ROM Rotation

A

30

39
Q

Lumbar ROM Flexion

A

80

40
Q

Lumbar ROM Extension

A

35

41
Q

Lumbar ROM Lateral

A

25

42
Q

Shoulder ROM Flexion

A

180

43
Q

Shoulder ROM Extension

A

50

44
Q

Shoulder ROM Abduction

A

180

45
Q

Shoulder ROM Adduction

A

50

46
Q

Shoulder ROM Rotation

A

90

47
Q

Elbow ROM Flexion

A

140

48
Q

Elbow ROM Pronate / Supinate

A

90

49
Q

Wrist ROM Flexion

A

90

50
Q

Wrist ROM Extension

A

70

51
Q

Wrist ROM Abduction

A

20

52
Q

Wrist ROM Adduction

A

55

53
Q

MCP ROM Flexion

A

90

54
Q

MCP ROM Extension

A

10

55
Q

MCP ROM Abduction

A

20

56
Q

PIP ROM Flexion

A

90

57
Q

DIP ROM Flexion

A

60

58
Q

Hip ROM Flexion

A

120

59
Q

Hip ROM Extension

A

30

60
Q

Hip ROM Abduction

A

45

61
Q

Hip ROM Adduction

A

30

62
Q

Hip ROM Internal Rotation

A

40

63
Q

Hip ROM External Rotation

A

45

64
Q

Knee ROM Flexion

A

150

65
Q

Knee ROM Rotation

A

5

66
Q

Ankle ROM Plantar

A

40

67
Q

Ankle ROM Dorsiflexion

A

20

68
Q

Ankle ROM Inversion

A

30

69
Q

Ankle ROM Eversion

A

20

70
Q

1st MTP ROM Flexion

A

45

71
Q

1st MTP ROM Extension

A

70-90

72
Q

Stance Phase

A

heel strike: initial contact
foot flat: loading response
push off: mid-stance
acceleration: terminal stance

73
Q

Swing Phase

A

toe-off: pre-swing
swing through: initial then mid-swing
heel strike: terminal swing

74
Q

heel strike

A

initial contact

stance phase

75
Q

foot flat

A

loading response

stance phase

76
Q

push off

A

mid-stance

stance phase

77
Q

acceleration

A

terminal stance

stance phase

78
Q

toe-off

A

pre-swing

swing phase

79
Q

swing through

A

initial then mid-swing

swing phase

80
Q

heel strike

A

terminal swing

swing phase

#1.2 Chiro Essentials - NMS (9 decks)

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