posture

Question 1

Lordotic posture

Answer 1

Excessive Lumbar Lordosis: Increased forward curve in the lower back (hyperlordosis).

Anterior Pelvic Tilt: The pelvis tilts forward, causing the buttocks to protrude and the abdomen to stick out.

Hyperextended Knees: Often present due to altered pelvic positioning.

Shortened & Tight Muscles: Hip flexors (iliopsoas, rectus femoris) and lumbar extensors (erector spinae) are typically tight.

Weak & Lengthened Muscles: Abdominals (especially lower abdominals) and gluteal muscles are often weak and overstretched.

Question 2

Sway back

Answer 2

Pelvis Positioned Forward → The pelvis shifts forward in relation to the ribcage, causing a lack of core engagement.

Flattened Lumbar Spine → Unlike a lordotic posture, the lower back has reduced lordosis rather than excessive curvature.

Exaggerated Thoracic Kyphosis → The upper back becomes more rounded as the trunk leans backward.

Hyperextended Knees → Often present due to poor lower limb alignment.

Muscle Imbalances:
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Tight & Overactive: Hamstrings, upper abdominals, and hip extensors.

Weak & Underactive: Lower abdominals, hip flexors, glutes, and spinal extensors.

Question 3

Flat back

Answer 3

Reduced or Absent Lumbar Lordosis → The lower back appears straight instead of having a normal inward curve.

Posterior Pelvic Tilt → The pelvis tilts backward, causing a flattening of the lower spine.

Forward Head Posture → The head and upper body compensate by shifting forward.

Tight Muscles:

Hamstrings & Gluteal Muscles (due to posterior pelvic tilt).

Abdominals (can contribute to excessive spinal flattening).

Weak Muscles:

Hip Flexors & Lumbar Extensors (unable to maintain normal lumbar curve).

Question 4

Lower Cross

Answer 4

✅ Tight Muscles (Shortened):

Hip Flexors (e.g., iliopsoas, rectus femoris): Due to overuse and sedentary lifestyle (e.g., prolonged sitting).

Erector Spinae (lower back): Often tight and overactive due to lumbar hyperextension from pelvic tilt.

✅ Weak Muscles (Lengthened):

Gluteal Muscles (e.g., gluteus maximus): Often weak due to underuse (sedentary behavior).

Abdominals (e.g., rectus abdominis, obliques, transverse abdominis): Weak and stretched due to poor core engagement.

✅ Pelvic Tilt:

Anterior pelvic tilt (the pelvis tilts forward), contributing to increased lumbar lordosis (curvature of the lower back).

✅ Postural Changes:

Excessive lumbar lordosis (increased curve in the lower back).

Protruding abdomen and hyperextended knees are common.