Anatomy Flashcards
Trapezius
Trapezius
- The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular, paired muscle located on the posterior aspect of theneckandthorax
Upper
O - Medial third superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal line
I - Lateral third of clavicle
Middle
O - Spinous process and supraspinous liamanets of vertebrae T1 to T4 or C3 to C7
I - medial acromial margin, superior crest of spine of scapula
Inferior
O - spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae T4-T12
I - lateral apex of the medial end of scapular spine
N - Accessory nerve
Descending part (superior fibers)
- Scapulothoracic joint: draws scapula superomedially
- Atlantooccipital joint: extension of head and neck, lateral flexion of head and neck (ipsilateral)
- Atlantoaxial joint: rotation of head (contralateral)
Transverse part (middle fibers)
- Scapulothoracic joint: draws scapula medially
Ascending part (inferior fibers)
- Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula inferomedially
Sternocleidomastoid
Two headed neck musclem bilateral, anterior cervical
O -
Sternal head:superior part of anterior surface of manubrium sterni
Clavicular head:superior surface of medial third of the clavicle
I -
Lateral surface of mastoid process of the temporal bone
Lateral half of superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
N - Accessory nerve
A -
Unilateral contraction:
cervical spine: neck ipsilateral flexion, neck contralateral rotation
Bilateral contraction:
atlantooccipital joint/ superior cervical spine: head/neck extension;
Inferior cervical vertebrae: neck flexion
sternoclavicular joint: elevation of clavicle and manubrium of sternum
Levator Scapula
Levator scapulae is a long and slender muscle that anatomically belongs to the superficial layer ofextrinsicmuscles of the back
O - Transverse processes of vertebrae C1- C4
I - medial border of scapula
N - Anterior rami of C3 and C4
A -
Scapulothoracic joint:Draws scapula superomedially, rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly
Cervical joints:Lateral flexion of neck (ipsilateral), extension of the neck
Rhomboids minor
The rhomboids are two bilateral, superficial muscles located in the upperback
O - Nuchal ligament, Spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
I - Root (medial end) of spine of scapula
N - Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
A - Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; Supports position of scapula
Rhomboids major
Two bilateral, superifical muscles, located upper back
O - Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5
I - Medial border of scapula (from inferior angle to root of spine of scapula)
N - Dorsal Scapular nerve C4 - C5
A - Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly; Supports position of scapula
Scalenes
Three muscles in the lateral surface of the neck
Made up of anterior, middle and posterior scalene
Anterior
O - C3-C6 transverse process
I - Scalene tubercel and superior rib 1
A - Neck flexion lateral flexion, elvetaes rib 1
Middle
O - C1-C7 transverse process
I - Superior rib 1
A - Lateral neck flexion
Posterior
O - C4-C7 tranverse process
I - external rib 2
A - Neck lateal flexion, rib 2 elevation
Supplied by anterior rami C3- C8
Erector Spinae (NOT EXACT)
M - Long muscle spanning the length of the spine divided into 3 parts
Spinalis - most medial of the muscle groups
Longissimus - intermediate
Iliocostalis - most lateral
Spinalis
- Capitis
- Colli
- Thoracis
Longismuss
- Capitis
- Colli
- Thoracis
Illiocostalis
- Colli
- Thoracis
- Lumborum
Origin - Very broad C7-L5 Occiptal and Temporal bone and the sacrum
Inserts - Transverse preocesses and ribs
A - Extesnion and lateral flexion of teh spine
N - All supplied by the braches of the posterior Rami of cervical thorasic and lumbar spinal nerves
Longus colli
Paired muscle on the anterior aspect of the vertebral column
Made up of a superior, intermedaite and inferior part
O -
Superior part:
Anterior transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C5
Intermediate part:
Anterior vertebrae C5-T3
Inferior part:
Anterior vertebrae T1-T3
I -
Superior part:
Anterior vertebra C1
Intermediate part:
Anterior vertebrae C2-C4
Inferior part:
Anterior transverse processes of vertebrae C5-C6
Bilateral contraction: Neck flexion
Unilateral contraction: Neck contralateral rotation, neck lateral flexion (ipsilateral)
Anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
Multifidus (NOT EXACT)
Multifidusis a group of short, triangular muscles that along with the semispinalis androtatorescomprises thetransversospinal groupofdeep back muscles
Made up of the multifidus cervices, thoracis and lumborum
O -
Superior articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7
Transverse process of thoracic vertebra
Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, posterior aspect of sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) of ilium and posterior sacroiliac ligament
I - Lateral aspect and tips of the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above origin
A - Bilateral contraction:Extension of spine
Unilateral contraction:Lateral flexion of spine (ipsilateral), rotation of spine (contralateral)
N - Medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves
Serratus anterior
Fan shaped muscle at the lateral wall of the thorax, made up of superior, middle and inferior part
O -
Superior part:Ribs 1-2, Intercostal fascia
Middle part:Ribs-3-6
Inferior part:Ribs 7-8/9 (variably extends to rib 10 (+external oblique muscle)
I - Clavicle
Superior part: Anterior surface of superior angle
Middle part: Anterior surface ofmedial border
Inferior part: Anterior surface of inferior angle and medial border)
N - Long thoracic nerve (C5- C7)
A -
Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula anterolaterally, Suspends scapula on thoracic wall, Rotates scapula (draws inferiorly angle laterally)
Pec major
Thepectoralis majoris a paired,superficialmuscle located on the anterior surface of thethoracic cage.
Made up of a clavicualr, sternocostal and abdominal part
O -
Clavicular part: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal part: anterior surface of sternum, Costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
Abdominal part: Anterior layer of rectus sheath
I -
Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A -
Shoulder joint: Arm adduction, Arm internal rotation, Arm flexion (clavicular head), arm extension (sternocostal head);
Scapulothoracic joint: Draws scapula anteroinferiorly
N - Lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
Pec minor
The pectoralis minor muscleis one of the mostsuperficialmuscles on the anterior aspect of the chest or thoracic wall, located deep only to thepectoralis majormuscle
O -
Anterior surface, costal cartilages ofribs3-5
I -
Medial border and coracoid process of scapula
N -
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
A -
Scapulothoracic joint: draws scapula anteroinferiorly, stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall
Intercostals
Theintercostal musclesare a group of intrinsicrib cagemuscles that occupy the 11intercostal spaces. They are divided into three groups, going fromsuperficialto deep:
External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles
Theexternal intercostalsare the most superficial intercostal muscles. They originate from the inferior border of onerib, course inferomedially and insert to the superior border of the immediate rib below.
Theinternal intercostalsform the middle layer of the intercostal musculature. They originate from the costal groove of one rib, course inferolaterally and insert to the superior border of the immediate rib below
Theinnermost intercostalsare the deepest intercostal muscles. They originate from the costal groove of one rib, posteriorly to the origin of the internal intercostals. They course inferomedially, in the same fashion as the internal intercostals, and insert to the superior border of the immediate rib below.
N - Intercostal nerves
A - Support the ribcage and are accessory respiratory muscles.
Rectus abdominis
Rectus abdominis, is a long muscle of theanterior abdominal wall.
O - Pubic symphysis, pubic crest
I - Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
N - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12)
A- Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration
Internal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique is a broad thin muscular sheet found on the lateral side of theabdomen.
O - Anterior two-thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch, thoracolumbar
fascia
I - Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubic crest & pectin pubis (via conjoint tendon)
N - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve (L1), ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
A - Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration
Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (ipsilateral)
Transverse abdominis
Thetransversus abdominisis a broad paired muscular sheet found on the lateral sides of theabdominal wall
O - Internal surfaces of costal cartilages of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, iliopectineal arch
I - Linea alba, aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique muscle; pubic crest, pectinal line ofpubis
A - Bilateral contraction - Compresses abdominal viscera, expiration
Unilateral contraction - Trunk rotation (ipsilateral)
N - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11), subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve (L1), ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
Quadratus lumborum
Thequadratus lumborum muscleis a muscle of theposterior abdominal walllying deep inside theabdomenand dorsal to theiliopsoas
O - OriginIliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
I - Inferior border of rib 12, transverse processes of vertebrae L1-L4
N - Subcostal nerve (T12), anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
A - Bilateral contraction - fixes Ribs 12 during inspiration, trunk extension
Unilateral contraction - lateral flexion of trunk (ipsilateral)
Glute maximus
Thegluteus maximusis the most superficial gluteal muscle that forms the prominence of thegluteal region.
O - Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, gluteal surface of ilium thoracolumbar fascia, Sacrotuberous ligament
I - Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
A - Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (superior part), thigh adduction (inferior part)
N -
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Glute medius
Gluteus mediusis a large fan-shaped muscle located in the posteriorhip
O - Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
I - Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
A - Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
N - Superior gluteal nerve
Glute minimus
Thegluteus minimusis a small triangular muscle located deep in the posterior region of thehip
O - Gluteal surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)
I -
Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
A - Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
N - Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Illiopsoas
Iliopsoas is a large compound muscle of theinner hipcomposed of the iliacus andpsoas major muscle.
Psoas Major
O - transverse processes of all of the lumbar vertebrae, the anterolateral surfaces of the bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae and the interposedintervertebral discs.
N - anterior rami of spinal nerves
Iliacus
O - the superior two-thirds of the iliac fossa, theiliac crestand the lateral aspect of thesacrum
N - Femoral nerve
Both Insert -
lesser trochanter
Rectus femoris
Therectus femorisis a fusiform muscle that consists of two heads
O - Anterior inferior iliac spine, supraacetauluar groove
I - Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella
A - Hip joint: Thigh flexion;
Knee joint: Leg extension
N - Femoral nerve
biceps femoris
Biceps femorisis a longmuscleof the posterior aspect of thethigh
O -
Long head: (inferomedial impression of) ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
Short head: linea aspera of femur (lateral lip), lateral supracondylar line of femur
I - (Lateral aspect of) head of fibula
A - Hip joint: thigh extension, thigh external rotation;
Knee joint: leg flexion, leg external rotation;stabilizes pelvis
N - Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
external oblique
External abdominal obliqueis a paired muscle located on the lateral sides of theabdominal wall.
O - External surfaces of ribs 5-12
I - Linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
A - Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration
Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (contralateral)
N Intercostal nerves (T7- T11), Subcostal nerve (T12)
Semi membranosus
O - Superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity
I - Medial condyle of tibia
A -
Hip joint: thigh extension and internal rotation
Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation of the leg
Stabilizes pelvis
N -Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5 – S2)
semi tendinosus
Semitendinosusis a fusiform muscle of theposterior compartment of thigh
O - (Posteromedial impression of) Ischial tuberosity
I -
Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
A -
Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation, stabilizes pelvis.
Knee joint: Leg flexion, leg internal rotation.
N -
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
I
